CN108927234A - It is a kind of to be impulsed the drop generating system of mechanism based on piezoelectricity - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be impulsed the drop generating system of mechanism based on piezoelectricity Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
- B01L3/0241—Drop counters; Drop formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/02—Drop detachment mechanisms of single droplets from nozzles or pins
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Abstract
It is impulsed the drop generating system of mechanism the invention discloses a kind of based on piezoelectricity, including optical platform, two multi-dimensional displacement platforms, driving power and computer on optical platform are set, the liquid storage bottle being installed on the horizontal bracket of the first multi-dimensional displacement platform, and the droplet generator being installed on the horizontal bracket of the second multi-dimensional displacement platform；Wherein, piezoelectric vibrator is provided at the inlet of droplet generator, nozzle is provided at liquid outlet, when work, liquid storage bottle and droplet generator connects the conveying for carrying out liquid using hose, and computer controls driving power and sends piezoelectric signal, and by piezoelectric vibrator, deformation occurs droplet generator chamber volume is generated change, liquid is extruded by runner and nozzle, and fluid column breaks to form drop.It is provided by the invention it is a kind of impulsed the drop generating system of mechanism based on piezoelectricity, the system reaction time is fast, and thrust is big, does not generate heat, and small in size, and light-weight, very portable, in addition, its structure is simple, cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid drop preparation, and particularly relates to a liquid drop generation system based on a piezoelectric shock mechanism.
Background
The phenomenon that liquid drops collide with a wall or a pool and the like widely exists in the fields of natural and industrial processes, such as pesticide spraying, internal combustion engine fuel oil spraying, spray cooling and the like. The single liquid drop is a very basic element in the spraying, and the wall collision dynamics of the single liquid drop is also a classical problem of the multiphase fluid mechanics, which is very important for understanding the wall collision mechanism of the spraying. The research on the interaction mechanism of the single liquid drop and the liquid drop, the wall surface or the liquid film is of great significance to understanding the microscopic process of the spraying scene and optimizing the spraying model. These experimental studies must be carried out with a droplet generator for generating droplets with controlled initial parameters. However, due to the difficulty in generating and controlling minute droplets, only a few research institutes currently have droplet generation devices.
The liquid drop generating mode mainly includes three modes of driving pump extrusion type, pneumatic pulse type and piezoelectric type. The extrusion of the driving pump is realized by extruding liquid drops by using the driving pump to fall off from a syringe needle, the formed liquid drops are mostly in mm magnitude, the size of the liquid drops is large, the large-size liquid drops are greatly influenced by gravity and air resistance, deformation is easy to occur, and the driving pump is not favorable for developing liquid drop dynamics experimental research. The pneumatic pulse type liquid drop generating system adopts gas pressure to replace mechanical parts to extrude liquid drops out of a nozzle, and the key of the mode whether uniform stable liquid drops can be generated is that the pressure of liquid in a cavity is the same each time, and the acting time and the pressure relief time are the same. But due to the compressibility of the gas and the high requirement of the system on the air tightness, the realization of the accurate control to generate uniform and stable liquid drops has certain difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art drop generators, the present invention provides a drop generator system based on a piezoelectric shock mechanism for generating stable small drops with precisely controlled drop parameters over a range.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a liquid drop generating system based on a piezoelectric shock mechanism comprises an optical platform, a multidimensional displacement platform, a driving power supply, a computer, a liquid storage bottle and a liquid drop generator, wherein the multidimensional displacement platform is arranged on the optical platform; wherein,
the liquid drop generator is characterized in that a piezoelectric vibrator is arranged at a liquid inlet of the liquid drop generator, a nozzle is arranged at a liquid outlet of the liquid drop generator, when the liquid drop generator works, a liquid storage bottle is connected with the liquid drop generator through a hose to convey liquid, a computer controls a driving power supply to send a piezoelectric signal, the piezoelectric vibrator deforms to change the volume of a cavity of the liquid drop generator, the liquid is extruded out through a flow channel and the nozzle, and liquid columns are broken to form liquid drops.
The invention is further improved in that the device also comprises a light source, a long-focus microscope and a high-speed camera which are arranged on the optical platform, wherein the high-speed camera is matched with the long-focus microscope and is used for shooting and recording the processes of liquid drop spraying and wall collision, so that the analysis and the reading of the corresponding information are carried out through a computer.
A further development of the invention is that the light source is arranged on opposite sides of the droplet generator to the tele microscope and the high-speed camera, respectively.
The invention is further improved in that the nozzle is a glass nozzle, and the diameters of the spray holes are selected from 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm and 0.04 mm.
The invention has the further improvement that the piezoelectric vibrator is made of a piezoelectric ceramic piece with the model number of FT-35-2.6 BT.
The invention is further improved in that the liquid drop generator comprises a nozzle fixing cap, a gasket, a generator body and an upper end cover, wherein the generator body is provided with a spraying cavity with openings at two ends, the upper end of the spraying cavity is provided with a liquid inlet, the lower end of the spraying cavity is a liquid outlet, the gasket is sleeved on the nozzle and is arranged in the spraying cavity of the generator body, the nozzle fixing cap is sleeved on the nozzle and is fastened on the lower end face of the generator body, the piezoelectric vibrator is arranged at the upper end of the spraying cavity of the generator body and is sealed by the upper end cover fastened on the upper end face of the generator body.
In a further development of the invention, the droplet generator further comprises an O-ring which is arranged between the upper end cap and the upper end face of the generator body.
The invention is further improved in that the spraying cavity of the generator main body comprises a cylindrical cavity and a conical cavity which are integrally formed.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the liquid drop generating system based on the piezoelectric shock mechanism has the advantages of short reaction time, high thrust, no heat generation, small volume, light weight, portability, simple structure and low manufacturing cost.
The invention can stably generate small liquid drops with the radius of 0.075-0.505mm, and compared with the existing international liquid drop generating device, the invention can generate liquid drops with wider diameter range and can meet the requirement of generating more liquid drops.
The invention has high spraying precision, is convenient to control the size of liquid drops and realizes spraying according to requirements; the applicable frequency range is wide, and high-frequency injection can be realized. The speed of the liquid drop outlet is about 0.44m/s, and the speed of the liquid drop when the liquid drop collides with the wall can be changed by adjusting the distance between the nozzle outlet and the shooting position by using the displacement platform. In addition, the system can be used for carrying out experimental tests on the aspects of liquid drop wall collision and the like and carrying out research works such as critical Weber number of liquid drop splashing and the like.
In summary, the droplet generation system based on the piezoelectric vibration mechanism provided by the invention drives the piezoelectric ceramic plate to periodically bend and stretch by using the pulse signal, and transmits the tiny displacement change of the piezoelectric ceramic plate to the liquid in the closed chamber, so that the liquid is ejected from the nozzle at the bottom of the chamber. Therefore, the system can generate required liquid drops by debugging control parameters, and the control on the speed and the size of the liquid drops in an experiment is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a droplet generation system based on a piezoelectric shock mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the drop generator of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an optical platform, 2-a liquid storage bottle, 3-a multidimensional displacement table, 4-a liquid drop generator, 5-a driving power supply, 6-a computer, 7-a high-speed camera, 8-a long-focus microscope and 9-a light source;
401-nozzle retaining cap, 402-nozzle, 403-gasket, 404-generator body, 405-O-ring, 406-piezoelectric vibrator, 407-upper end cap.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid droplet generating system based on piezoelectric vibration mechanism provided by the present invention includes an optical platform 1, a liquid storage bottle 2, a multi-dimensional displacement stage 3, a liquid droplet generator 4, a driving power supply 5, a computer 6, a high-speed camera 7, a long-focus microscope 8 and a light source 9.
The multi-dimensional displacement platform 3 is placed on the optical platform 1, the liquid drop generator 4 is installed on a horizontal support of the multi-dimensional displacement platform 3, the liquid storage bottle 2 and the liquid drop generator 4 are connected through a hose to convey liquid, the computer 6 controls the driving power supply 5 to send piezoelectric signals, the piezoelectric vibrator 406 deforms to enable the volume of a cavity of the liquid drop generator 4 to change, the liquid is extruded out through the flow channel and the nozzle 402, and liquid columns are broken to form liquid drops. The high-speed camera 7 is matched with the long-focus microscope 8, and can shoot and record the liquid drop spraying and wall collision processes, so that the computer 6 can analyze and read corresponding information.
The driving power supply 5 and the piezoelectric vibrator 406 are core components of the whole system, and the driving power supply 5 sends out a pulse signal to control the action displacement rule of the piezoelectric vibrator 406, so that the generation and the required spraying of liquid drops are accurately controlled. The piezoelectric vibrator 406 mainly uses the inverse piezoelectric effect, and the operation principle is that when a voltage pulse signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic vibrator, the piezoelectric vibrator 406 vibrates to squeeze the liquid in the chamber of the droplet generator and eject the liquid from the nozzle 402. The deformation displacement, vibration frequency and duty ratio of the piezoelectric vibrator 406 are controlled by changing the parameters of the voltage pulse signal. In the design process, the piezoelectric vibrator 406 is taken as an excitation source of high-frequency longitudinal vibration and is limited by working conditions, so that the requirement that the piezoelectric vibrator has good mechanical strength and is not easy to break under a high-voltage amplitude value is met; can normally vibrate back and forth in a larger frequency range; the large torque can be generated when the low voltage is input; the voltage stability is good, and the aging resistance is good; the electromechanical coupling coefficient is high. By combining the conditions, the piezoelectric ceramic plate with the type of FT-35-2.6BT is selected as the piezoelectric vibrator, and the piezoelectric ceramic plate is made of brass and has good extensibility.
When the liquid drop generator works, the driving power supply 5 converts a digital signal sent by the computer 6 into a voltage analog signal through the digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and then the voltage signal is amplified by power and acts on the piezoelectric vibrator 406, so that the piezoelectric vibrator 406 generates corresponding action displacement to drive liquid in the liquid drop generator 4 to be sprayed out from the nozzle 402. The electric pulse signal generated by the driving power supply is periodic, and the amplitude, the frequency, the delay time and the duty ratio of the electric pulse signal are adjustable, so that the electric pulse signal is used for generating liquid drops with required parameters.
Fig. 2 shows an assembly view of the drop generator, including a nozzle retaining cap 401, a nozzle 402, a gasket 403, a generator body 404, an O-ring 405, and an upper end cap 407. The drop generator 4 is bolted to the upper end cover 407 and the generator body 404, compressing the piezoelectric vibrator 406 against the upper part of the generator chamber, with an O-ring 405 sealing between them. The nozzle 402 and the gasket 403 are arranged in the spray cavity of the generator body 404, so that the distance from the piezoelectric vibrator 406 to the outlet of the nozzle 402 can be shortened, and the transmission loss of pressure wave energy of the piezoelectric vibrator 406 in liquid is reduced. The nozzle fixing cap 401 is connected to the generator body 404 by bolts, and fixes the nozzle 402 and the washer 403 in the spray chamber.
The shape design of the sealed chamber inside the droplet generator 4 adopts a mode of combining a cylindrical cavity and a conical cavity, so that not only can the dissipation in energy transfer be reduced, but also the piezoelectric vibrator 406 can be ensured to have enough longitudinal free vibration displacement. When the cross section of the pipeline through which the fluid flows is suddenly changed, vortex can be formed to cause local energy loss, so that the shape of the flow channel of the spray cavity adopts a conical design, and the flow channel is smooth and excessive, so that the momentum of the liquid can be converged at a nozzle opening, and the reduction of the spray resistance and the energy loss is facilitated.
The nozzle 402 is of a replaceable design, and the nozzle 402 is in an interference fit with the gasket 403 to facilitate sealing. The connection position of the nozzle 402 and the generator main body 404 is sealed by an O-shaped ring 405, and finally the nozzle 402 and the generator main body 404 are pressed together through a nozzle fixing cap 401 to form good sealing and enable a liquid path to be communicated. The generator body 404 and the nozzle fixing cap 401 are connected by bolts, which facilitates the disassembly, assembly, replacement and cleaning of the nozzles 402 with different apertures. One of the key points for a droplet generation system is the ability to form uniform, stable droplets, and the quality of the nozzle produced during the overall system design process directly impacts the droplet formation process.
The glass nozzle is selected, is not easy to generate chemical reaction with other liquid, has small friction force, is easy to mold and form and has low cost. Liquid with high viscosity or high surface tension is easy to adhere to the surface of the outlet of the glass nozzle to cause inclined spraying or unstable liquid drop formation of a liquid drop generation system, and when the liquid adopted in the experiment is water-soluble solution, the liquid is always hung on the outer surface of the nozzle opening in the liquid drop spraying process to form hanging flow, so that the normal spraying of the liquid drops is influenced. Therefore, the glass nozzle is subjected to hydrophobic treatment by adopting a solution soaking method, the nozzle sucks a small section of water column through capillary phenomenon, and then the nozzle is soaked in olive oil for a period of time, so that the glass nozzle has certain hydrophobicity.
The glass nozzle is formed by self-firing, and nozzles with different diameters can be drawn according to the size requirement of liquid drops generated as required. The size of the droplets produced is related to many factors, but the diameter of the orifice is the dominant factor. Since different sizes of droplets are to be obtained, nozzles of different specifications need to be prepared. In the system design process, glass nozzles with the diameters of the spray holes of 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm and 0.04mm are respectively drawn.
The liquid storage bottle can continuously provide the spraying liquid for the liquid drop generating system, can keep the liquid in the nozzle stable when not spraying, and cannot flow out under the action of gravity. The transfusion tube adopts a transparent medical plastic hose, so that whether bubbles exist in the tube or not can be conveniently observed. The side surface of the upper part of the liquid storage bottle is provided with a hole, the pressure above the liquid level in the bottle is kept to be the same as the atmospheric pressure, and then the lifting platform is adjusted to control the height difference between the liquid level of the liquid storage bottle and the nozzle outlet, so that the liquid at the nozzle opening is kept in a balanced state under the dual actions of surface tension and gravity.
The formation and falling process of the liquid drop and the accurate measurement of parameters such as the size and the speed of the liquid drop are realized by the shooting of a high-speed camera after the area where the liquid drop is positioned is amplified by a long-focus microscope. An LED lamp is used as a light source, and a design mode of combining a long-focus microscope and a high-speed digital camera is utilized, so that the high-speed motion process in a tiny area can be captured; the base part of the high-precision multi-dimensional displacement platform can realize the movement of three degrees of freedom, and the upper part adopts the mode of combining the angular displacement platform and the rotating rod, so that the precise control of liquid drops in 5 degrees of freedom can be realized totally. The generated liquid drops can be ensured to be focused on a focal plane of a long-focus microscope, so that an image with sufficient resolution and capable of accurately calibrating parameters such as the size of the liquid drops, the movement speed and the like is formed.
The measurement method of the droplet generating system is described in detail below.
The first step in preparation before the start of the experiment was to adjust the optical path and calibrate. The operation method of the light path adjustment is to move the nozzle to a proper shooting position for focusing, ensure that the acquired liquid drop image is clear and visible, then adjust the exposure time and select a proper shooting speed and a proper window size. And after the light path is adjusted, calibrating the focal position adopted in the experiment by adopting a 1mm calibration ruler.
The second step is to draw the liquid into the generator chamber and nozzle, where it is essential to drive out the bubbles in the conduit to ensure that no bubbles are present in the supply tube, chamber and nozzle, otherwise the droplets will be difficult to form. The device for extracting the solution adopts a syringe, but the outlet of the syringe cannot directly touch the glass nozzle, otherwise the glass nozzle is easily damaged. The invention adopts the design that the outlet of the injector is connected with the infusion hose, thereby realizing the soft contact between the injector and the nozzle and protecting the glass nozzle from being damaged. When the air bubbles in the pipeline are removed, the generator is required to be inverted, then the air bubbles are extracted from the nozzle opening while knocking the generator body, so that the air bubbles attached to the wall surface of the chamber can float to the nozzle opening and are extracted.
The third step is to adjust the liquid level difference between the nozzle opening and the liquid level of the liquid storage bottle. After the bubbles in the liquid drop generator are completely removed, the generator needs to be gently placed on a high-precision multi-dimensional displacement table, so that the liquid level of the nozzle opening is lower than the liquid level in the liquid storage bottle, and thus, the situation that no bubbles enter the nozzle can be ensured. Then the lifting platform is adjusted to make the nozzle opening slightly higher than the liquid level of the liquid storage bottle. And then the angle position table is adjusted by a level gauge to ensure that the generator is vertically placed downwards.
After the preparation work before the experiment is finished, proper driving parameters are selected, and the injection is started according to requirements. During the experiment, if air bubbles enter from the nozzle opening, the operation needs to return to the second step again.
After the experiment is finished, the liquid drop generator needs to be detached, then a generator chamber, a flow channel and a nozzle are cleaned by acetone or ethanol solution, the generator is blown dry by a nitrogen blowing gun after the cleaning is finished, no liquid residue is ensured, and otherwise the liquid drop generator is easy to corrode.
Claims (8)
1. A liquid drop generating system based on a piezoelectric shock mechanism is characterized by comprising an optical platform (1), a multidimensional displacement platform (3) arranged on the optical platform (1), a driving power supply (5) and a computer (6), a liquid storage bottle (2) and a liquid drop generator (4) which are arranged on a horizontal support of the multidimensional displacement platform (3); wherein,
the liquid drop generator is characterized in that a piezoelectric vibrator (406) is arranged at the liquid inlet of the liquid drop generator (4), a nozzle (402) is arranged at the liquid outlet, when the liquid drop generator works, the liquid storage bottle (2) and the liquid drop generator (4) are connected through a hose to convey liquid, a computer (6) controls a driving power supply (5) to send piezoelectric signals, the piezoelectric vibrator (406) deforms to enable the volume of a cavity of the liquid drop generator (4) to change, the liquid is extruded out through a flow channel and the nozzle (402), and liquid columns are broken to form liquid drops.
2. The liquid drop generating system based on the piezoelectric shock mechanism is characterized by further comprising a light source (9), a long-focus microscope (8) and a high-speed camera (7) which are arranged on the optical platform (1), wherein the high-speed camera (7) is matched with the long-focus microscope (8) and is used for shooting and recording the liquid drop spraying and wall collision processes, so that the corresponding information can be analyzed and read through the computer (6).
3. A droplet generation system based on a piezo-electric shock mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the light source (9) is arranged on opposite sides of the droplet generator (4) from the tele microscope (8) and the high speed camera (7).
4. A droplet generation system based on a piezo-electric shock mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle (402) is a glass nozzle with orifice diameters of 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm and 0.04 mm.
5. The piezoelectric shock mechanism-based liquid droplet generation system of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric vibrator (406) is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet with a model number of FT-35-2.6 BT.
6. The liquid drop generating system based on the piezoelectric shock mechanism is characterized in that the liquid drop generator (4) comprises a nozzle fixing cap (401), a gasket (403), a generator body (404) and an upper end cover (407), the generator body (404) is provided with a spraying cavity with two open ends, the upper end of the spraying cavity is provided with a liquid inlet, the lower end of the spraying cavity is a liquid outlet, the gasket (403) is sleeved on the nozzle (402) and is arranged in the spraying cavity of the generator body (404), the nozzle fixing cap (401) is sleeved on the nozzle (402) and is fastened on the lower end face of the generator body (404), and the piezoelectric vibrator (406) is arranged in the upper end of the spraying cavity of the generator body (404) and is sealed through the upper end cover (407) fastened on the upper end face of the generator body (404).
7. A droplet generation system based on a piezo-electric excitation mechanism according to claim 6 wherein the droplet generator (4) further comprises an O-ring (405) disposed between the upper end cap (407) and the upper end face of the generator body (404).
8. A droplet generation system based on a piezo-electric shock mechanism according to claim 6 wherein the spray chamber of the generator body (404) comprises an integrally formed cylindrical chamber and a conical chamber.
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| CN201810462723.1A CN108927234A (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2018-05-15 | It is a kind of to be impulsed the drop generating system of mechanism based on piezoelectricity |
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| CN110193994A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-03 | 北京工业大学 | Based on pneumatic and electrohydrodynamics combination drive on-demand microlayer model production method |
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| CN113324580A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-08-31 | 北京工业大学 | Method for detecting electrostatic droplet ejection state based on induced current and machine vision |
| CN114011481A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-02-08 | 广州大学 | Piezoelectric type capillary liquid drop preparation device and using method thereof |
| CN114833013A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Piezoelectric type monodisperse droplet generation device and generation method thereof |
| CN115078186A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-20 | 中北大学 | Continuous multi-droplet generation automatic control system for researching multi-droplet interference wall collision |
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| CN113324580A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-08-31 | 北京工业大学 | Method for detecting electrostatic droplet ejection state based on induced current and machine vision |
| CN114011481A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-02-08 | 广州大学 | Piezoelectric type capillary liquid drop preparation device and using method thereof |
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