CN108920792A - A kind of agitating friction weldering Fatigue Life Prediction method based on crackle extension - Google Patents

A kind of agitating friction weldering Fatigue Life Prediction method based on crackle extension Download PDF

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CN108920792A
CN108920792A CN201810646505.3A CN201810646505A CN108920792A CN 108920792 A CN108920792 A CN 108920792A CN 201810646505 A CN201810646505 A CN 201810646505A CN 108920792 A CN108920792 A CN 108920792A
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孙国芹
王崇文
魏心海
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

A kind of agitating friction weldering Fatigue Life Prediction method based on crackle extension, belongs to mechanical structure fatigue diagnostic analysis technical field.Bone-shaped plane plate specimen is prepared, the small fatigue crack growth replica test under different stress loadings and different stress ratios is carried out in connector different zones, calculates crackle spreading rate with secant method;Connector crackle stress intensity factor range is calculated using New-Raju model;The semicircular arc-shaped depth direction c value and width direction a/2 value in crack Propagation area in connector different zones fracture apperance is measured, calculates that crackle is profound to compare 2c/a;Draw the curve that crack growth rate changes with stress intensity factor range;Calculate effective stress intensity factor;Determine crackle spreading rate formula;Determine initial crack size a0With critical crack size ac;Crackle spreading rate formula is integrated, the fatigue life of welded unit is obtained.The program being capable of simpler, accurately prediction agitating friction weldering component fatigue life.

Description

A kind of agitating friction weldering Fatigue Life Prediction method based on crackle extension
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Prediction method for fatigue life, in particular to a kind of agitating friction weldering based on crackle extension Fatigue Life Prediction method belongs to mechanical structure fatigue diagnostic analysis technical field.
Background technique
For agitating friction weldering component, welding point is part most weak in total, the master of welded unit Wanting failure mode is fatigue fracture.Fatigue testing specimen undergoes the process of crack initiation, crackle extension and long crack extension.Wherein, The germinating of crackle and extension phase account about the 70%~80% of fatigue life.In most cases, due to material itself It is intrinsic be mingled with, the initial microdefect such as hardened granules and Micro-v oid or due to being collided in process, indentation and corrosion Deng and cause sample exist damage.For friction stir welding, the initiating life of crackle is shared in Fatigue Life Ratio it is smaller, therefore, omit this part initiating life, and predicted based on Theory of Fracture Mechanics and the propagation law of crackle Fatigue life can make prediction result relatively reliable.
When establishing crack propagation model for agitating friction weldering component, need to consider that the microstructure of connector different zones becomes The factors such as change.Since the material parameters such as each region microstructure of agitating friction weldering welding point and performance are all different, for sprouting The raw crackle in connector different zones, is influenced by microstructure and performance, and crackle propagation law is simultaneously different, is difficult with system One formula carries out life prediction.When carrying out fatigue life prediction to agitating friction weldering component, in fatigue fracture Location-Unknown In the case where, how the crackle propagation law based on different zones predicts that agitating friction welds the fatigue life of welding point.This Crackle propagation law of the invention based on agitating friction weldering welding point different zones accurately predicts agitating friction weldering component Fatigue life, being on active service to the safety of welded unit has theory significance and engineering application value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be based on crackle propagation law, more simply, accurately prediction agitating friction welds component Fatigue life.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of agitating friction weldering based on crackle extension of the technical solution adopted by the present invention Fatigue Life Prediction method, specific step is as follows for this method:
Step 1):The bone-shaped plate that the cracked region of expected welding point is smallest cross-sectional is made to welding fatigue testing specimen Sample carries out the small fatigue crack growth replica examination under the different stress loadings of welding point different zones and different stress ratios It tests, crackle spreading rate is calculated using secant method, formula is as follows:
Wherein Δ N is intercycle, and Δ a is crack length variation, aiTo be N in recurring numberiWhen crack length;
Step 2):Using New-Raju model, welding point crackle stress intensity factor range is calculated:
Wherein Δ S is the range of stress, and a is face crack length, and Q is form factor, and F is the edge correction factor, and c is crackle Depth, t are sample thickness, and b is specimen width,For angle function;0 < c/a≤1/2,0 < c/t≤1, a/b < 1,
According to elliptic integral of the second kind, formula is as follows for the calculating of form factor Q:
F is the dimensionless edge correction factor, and formula is as follows:
Wherein M1、M2、M3、fφ、g、fωIt is calculated with following formula:
Step 3):Measure the semicircular arc-shaped depth side of crack Propagation area in welding point different zones fracture apperance It to c value and width direction a/2 value, calculates that crackle is profound than 2c/a, takes the mean value of different zones 2c/a agitating friction as a whole The profound ratio of plumb joint crackle,60 ° are taken, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 4):Using Paris formula, both sides take logarithm:
Lg (da/dN)=lgC+mlg (Δ K) (11)
Wherein C, m are constant, and da/dN is crack growth rate, and Δ K is stress intensity factor range;
Draw crackle under welding point different zones difference stress loading and different stress ratio crack growth rate with The curve of stress intensity factor range variation;
Step 5):Effective stress intensity factor is calculated, considers the active strength factor Δ K of crack closureeffDefinition such as Under:
ΔKeff=U Δ K (12)
Wherein U is crack closure coefficient;
When stress ratio is R, crack closure coefficient is U (R), and closure coefficient, which is added, can introduce stress ratio influence, makes connector Different zones crack growth rate and effective stress intensity factor more level off to linear relationship;The crackle for selecting Schijve to propose It is closed coefficient formula:
U (R)=0.55+0.33R+0.12R2 (13)
Step 6):Based on Paris formula, determine that the expression formula of crackle spreading rate is:
It is fitted to obtain C according to the corresponding data of crackle spreading rate and effective stress intensity factor*、m*
Step 7):Initial crack size a0With critical crack size acDetermination;Most of crackles result from the micro- of material Defect is seen, takes the sizes of different zones in 3-5 connector upper greater than Ordinary hardening, Particulate Inclusion or one times of surface unevenness The size average of microdefect is stated as initial crack size a0;With sample thickness and the corresponding crackle ruler of joint breaking toughness Smaller value in very little is as critical crack size ac;The fracture toughness K of material is wherein obtained by testC, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein Y is crack shape coefficient, σcFor fracture strength;
Step 8):Formula (14) is integrated, the fatigue life of welded unit is obtained, formula is as follows:
Beneficial effect
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:A kind of agitating friction based on crackle extension of the present invention welds Predict Fatigue Life of Components Prediction technique is not required to consider connector different zones microstructure and performance shadow for germinating the crackle in connector different zones It rings, the crack propagation data of connector different zones is handled using Uniform Formula.The fatigue fracture Location-Unknown the case where Under, Friction Stir Welding under different stress loadings and different stress ratios can be predicted based on the crackle propagation law of different zones The fatigue life of head, calculation are simpler, accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of agitating friction based on crackle propagation law of the present invention welds Fatigue Life Prediction method flow Figure.
Fig. 2 is the geometry schematic diagram of face crack of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is test specimen lead crack spreading rate under stress ratios different in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with stress intensity factor range Change diagram.
Fig. 4 is crack growth rate in the embodiment of the present invention 1 with the effective stress intensity range change curve.
Fig. 5 is 7075 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding head life prediction figures in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of specific reality of the agitating friction weldering Fatigue Life Prediction method based on crackle extension It is as follows to apply mode:
Step 1):The bone-shaped plane plate specimen that expected cracked region is smallest cross-sectional is made to welding fatigue testing specimen, is opened The small fatigue crack growth replica test under the different stress loadings of connector different zones and different stress ratios is opened up, using secant Method calculates crackle spreading rate, and formula is as follows:
Wherein Δ N is intercycle, and Δ a is crack length variation, aiTo be N in recurring numberiWhen crack length;
Step 2):Using New-Raju model, welding point crackle stress intensity factor range is calculated:
Wherein Δ S is the range of stress, and a is face crack length, and Q is form factor, and F is the edge correction factor, and c is crackle Depth, t are sample thickness, and b is specimen width,For angle function;0 < c/a≤1/2,0 < c/t≤1, a/b < 1,
According to elliptic integral of the second kind, formula is as follows for the calculating of form factor Q:
F is the dimensionless edge correction factor, and formula is as follows:
Wherein M1、M2、M3、fφ、g、fωIt is calculated with following formula:
Step 3):Measure the semicircular arc-shaped depth side of crack Propagation area in welding point different zones fracture apperance It to c value and width direction a/2 value, calculates that crackle is profound than 2c/a, takes the mean value of different zones 2c/a agitating friction as a whole The profound ratio of plumb joint crackle,60 ° are taken, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 4):Using Paris formula, both sides take logarithm:
Lg (da/dN)=lgC+mlg (Δ K) (11)
Wherein C, m are constant, and da/dN is crack growth rate, and Δ K is stress intensity factor range;
Draw crackle under connector different zones difference stress loading and different stress ratio crack growth rate with stress The curve of intensity factor range variation.
Step 5):Effective stress intensity factor is calculated, considers the active strength factor Δ K of crack closureeffDefinition such as Under:
ΔKeff=U Δ K (12)
Wherein U is crack closure coefficient;
When stress ratio is R, closure coefficient is U (R), and closure coefficient, which is added, can introduce stress ratio influence, keeps connector different Zone crack spreading rate and effective stress intensity factor more level off to linear relationship.The crack closure for selecting Schijve to propose Coefficient formula:
U (R)=0.55+0.33R+0.12R2 (13)
Step 6):Based on Paris formula, determine that the expression formula of crackle spreading rate is:
It is fitted to obtain C according to the corresponding data of crackle spreading rate and effective stress intensity factor*、m*
Step 7):Initial crack size a0With critical crack size acDetermination.Most of crackles result from the micro- of material Defect is seen, takes the sizes of different zones in 3-5 connector upper greater than Ordinary hardening, Particulate Inclusion or one times of surface unevenness The size average of microdefect is stated as initial crack size a0.With sample thickness and the corresponding crackle ruler of joint breaking toughness Smaller value in very little is as critical crack size ac.The fracture toughness K of material is obtained by testC, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein Y is crack shape coefficient, σcFor fracture strength;
Step 8):Formula (14) is integrated, the fatigue life of welded unit is obtained, formula is as follows:
This method is further illustrated below by way of specific embodiment:
Example 1:The 7075 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding head fatigue life predictions based on crackle extension
(1) 7075 aluminum alloy stirring friction welding fatigue testing specimens are prepared, the different stress loadings in connector different zones are carried out And the small fatigue crack growth replica that stress ratio is 0.1 and -0.3 is tested, and calculates crackle spreading rate using secant method;(2) Using New-Raju model, welding point crackle stress intensity factor range is calculated;(3) measurement welding point different zones are disconnected Crack Propagation area in degree of lip-rounding looks semicircular arc-shaped depth direction c value and width direction a/2 value, calculate the profound ratio of crackle The average value of 2c/a is about 0.9;(4) draw different stress when under different stress levels crack growth rate with stress intensity because The curve of subrange variation, as shown in Figure 3;(5) the crack closure coefficient formula for selecting Schijve to propose calculates effective stress Intensity factor, crack growth rate are as shown in Figure 4 with the effective stress intensity range change curve;(6) it is with Paris formula Basis determines crackle spreading rate formula;(7) size of different zones in 5 connectors is taken to be greater than Ordinary hardening, Particulate Inclusion Or the size average of one times of surface unevenness of above-mentioned microdefect is as initial crack size, this experiment resulting 7075 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding head initial crack size is taken as 10 μm.With sample thickness and the corresponding crackle ruler of joint breaking toughness Smaller value in very little is as critical crack size, and it is corresponding to be less than the fracture toughness that test measures for fatigue testing specimen thickness in this experiment Crack size, thickness of materialsing is as critical crack size;(8) crackle spreading rate formula is integrated, 7075 aluminium close Golden friction stir welding life prediction figure is as shown in Figure 5.The bimetry of most of test specimen error compared with test life exists Within twice of factor, life prediction works well.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of agitating friction based on crackle extension welds Fatigue Life Prediction method, step is:
Step 1):The bone-shaped plate that the cracked region of expected welding point is smallest cross-sectional is made to welding fatigue testing specimen to try Sample carries out the small fatigue crack growth replica examination under the different stress loadings of welding point different zones and different stress ratios It tests, crackle spreading rate is calculated using secant method, formula is as follows:
Wherein Δ N is intercycle, and Δ a is crack length variation, aiTo be N in recurring numberiWhen crack length;
Step 2):Using New-Raju model, welding point crackle stress intensity factor range is calculated:
Wherein Δ S is the range of stress, and a is face crack length, and Q is form factor, and F is the edge correction factor, and c is that crackle is deep Degree, t is sample thickness, and b is specimen width,For angle function;0 < c/a≤1/2,0 < c/t≤1, a/b < 1,
According to elliptic integral of the second kind, formula is as follows for the calculating of form factor Q:
F is the dimensionless edge correction factor, and formula is as follows:
Wherein M1、M2、M3、fφ、g、fωIt is calculated with following formula:
Step 3):Measure the semicircular arc-shaped depth direction c in crack Propagation area in welding point different zones fracture apperance Value and width direction a/2 value, calculating crackle is profound than 2c/a, takes the mean value Friction Stir Welding as a whole of different zones 2c/a The profound ratio of cephalic slit line;
Step 4):Using Paris formula, both sides take logarithm:
Lg (da/dN)=lg C+m lg (Δ K) (11)
Wherein C, m are constant, and da/dN is crack growth rate, and Δ K is stress intensity factor range;
Draw crackle under welding point different zones difference stress loading and different stress ratio crack growth rate with stress The curve of intensity factor range variation;
Step 5):Effective stress intensity factor is calculated, considers the active strength factor Δ K of crack closureeffIt is defined as follows:
ΔKeff=U Δ K (12)
Wherein U is crack closure coefficient;
When stress ratio is R, crack closure coefficient is U (R), and closure coefficient, which is added, can introduce stress ratio influence, keeps connector different Zone crack spreading rate and effective stress intensity factor more level off to linear relationship;The crack closure for selecting Schijve to propose Coefficient formula:
U (R)=0.55+0.33R+0.12R2 (13)
Step 6):Based on Paris formula, determine that the expression formula of crackle spreading rate is:
It is fitted to obtain C according to the corresponding data of crackle spreading rate and effective stress intensity factor*、m*
Step 7):Initial crack size a0With critical crack size acDetermination;Most of crackles result from the microcosmic of material and lack It falls into, takes the sizes of different zones in 3-5 connector above-mentioned micro- greater than Ordinary hardening, Particulate Inclusion or one times of surface unevenness The size average of defect is seen as initial crack size a0;In sample thickness and the corresponding crack size of joint breaking toughness Smaller value as critical crack size ac;The fracture toughness K of material is wherein obtained by testC, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein Y is crack shape coefficient, σcFor fracture strength;
Step 8):Formula (14) is integrated, the fatigue life of welded unit is obtained, formula is as follows:
2. a kind of agitating friction based on crackle extension according to claim 1 welds Fatigue Life Prediction method, It is characterized in that:The depth of the mean value of different zones 2c/a friction stir welding crackle as a whole is taken described in the step 3) Long ratio,Take 60 °.
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CN114117670A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-01 江苏科技大学 Method for estimating fatigue striation spacing of grinding camshaft
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