CN108920751B - Topological optimization-based inverse solving method for deformation state of power transformer winding - Google Patents
Topological optimization-based inverse solving method for deformation state of power transformer winding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A power transformer winding deformation state inverse solving method based on topological optimization is characterized in that a frequency response function of a winding equivalent circuit model is obtained by establishing the transformer winding equivalent circuit model, then the sensitivity of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to element parameters is calculated, the frequency response function measured by experiments is used for correcting the parameters of a simulated equivalent circuit model, and the deformation state of a transformer winding is inversely solved by a topological optimization method based on a flexible deformation unit; the invention avoids the huge calculation amount of directly adopting the electromagnetic field finite element to calculate the frequency response function, and improves the correction efficiency; meanwhile, a topological optimization method is introduced to visually reduce the deformed winding, so that the precision of solving the deformation of the winding is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of winding deformation of power transformers, in particular to a topological optimization-based inverse solving method for a winding deformation state of a power transformer.
Background
The power transformer is a key device for energy conversion in a power transmission network, and has great significance for ensuring the normal work of the transformer to the safe and reliable operation of a power system. However, in long-term operation, the transformer inevitably suffers from impact and even damage, and the deformation of the winding is one of the main forms of damage, and the accurate detection of the deformation state of the winding is of high importance.
The existing transformer winding deformation detection means can only perform qualitative judgment, and can not perform accurate and quantitative analysis on the deformation position and degree, so that inconvenience is brought to state detection and fault diagnosis of the transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a power transformer winding deformation state inverse solving method based on topology optimization, which can realize accurate, visual and quantitative detection of the transformer winding deformation state and improve the precision and efficiency of the transformer winding deformation detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a power transformer winding deformation state inverse solving method based on topology optimization comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a transformer winding equivalent circuit model:
firstly, establishing a winding equivalent circuit model taking a coil cake as a basic unit according to the structural form of a transformer winding, and refining the coil cake with high element parameter sensitivity into an equivalent sub-circuit model taking turns as a unit;
calculating each capacitance value of the equivalent circuit model of the winding by using a three-dimensional time harmonic field finite element method and the frequency-variable characteristic of the dielectric constant of the insulating material based on an electromagnetic field analysis theory; meanwhile, the skin effect is considered, and all inductance values are calculated, so that a winding equivalent circuit model is obtained;
2) obtaining a frequency response function of a winding equivalent circuit model:
detecting the parameter change of the winding by adopting a frequency response method, and deducing and calculating a frequency response function of a corresponding winding trapezoidal equivalent circuit model based on a circuit analysis principle;
3) calculating the sensitivity of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to the element parameters:
adopting an adjoint network method to carry out frequency response function sensitivity analysis on each element parameter of the transformer winding equivalent circuit model, and simultaneously calculating the sensitivity value of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to all element parameters;
the sensitivity of a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding to a certain element parameter is defined as follows:
in the formula, H is a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding; pnFor the nth element parameter of the equivalent circuit model, on the basis of obtaining the sensitivity of the frequency response function to each element parameter, a sensitivity matrix [ S ] of the equivalent circuit model multi-frequency point frequency response function-element parameter is constructed]；
4) And (3) correction of winding equivalent circuit model parameters:
correcting the parameters of the simulated equivalent circuit model by using the frequency response function measured by experiments by adopting a model correction method based on the frequency response function, so that the frequency response function of the corrected simulation model is consistent with the actually measured frequency response function, and the obtained parameter residual error represents the deformation state of the transformer winding;
4.1) establishing the relationship among the parameter correction vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector:
according to the sensitivity matrix, establishing a relation equation among the element correction parameter increment vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector as follows:
[S]{ΔP}＝{ε}(2)
in the formula, the { delta P } is an element correction parameter increment vector, and the { epsilon } is a frequency response function residual vector of an experimental model and a simulation model;
4.2) iterative correction of equivalent circuit model parameters of the transformer winding:
obtaining an increment vector of a correction parameter of the transformer winding equivalent circuit model by solving the formula (2), thereby updating element parameters of the winding equivalent circuit model, and obtaining new element parameters as follows:
{Pnew}＝{Pold}+{ΔP}(3)
analyzing the influence of the corrected element parameters on the sensitivity matrix, and researching the selection strategy of the approximately linearly independent frequency points and the element parameters of the iterative correction to meet the convergence requirement of the iterative correction;
5) and (3) solving the transformer winding deformation reversely based on topology optimization:
the method comprises the following specific operation steps of obtaining a visual appearance state of a deformation winding by adopting an explicit topology optimization method based on a flexible deformation unit:
5.1) establishing an objective function of a winding deformation topological optimization model:
determining an optimized area by referring to the result of the parameter correction of the equivalent circuit model element, and establishing a finite element analysis model dispersed into shell units; calculating inductance and capacitance parameters of a normal winding wire cake through electromagnetic field analysis to serve as initial topological optimization values, and comparing the initial topological optimization values with element correction parameters of an equivalent circuit model to obtain deviation quantities of the parameters; and establishing a multi-objective optimization objective function by taking the minimum deviation amount as an optimization objective of the winding deformation topology optimization model:
designing variables: xi＝[X1,X2……Xn]
An objective function: minimum deviation of winding parameter Δ P
Constraint conditions are as follows: KV ═ J
Wherein, XiIs a set of variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit, U being XiK is the conductivity matrix of the entire structure, V is the voltage, J is the current load,
5.2) construction of flexible deformation unit:
the final configuration of the power distribution network is composed of a plurality of flexible deformation units, and the flexible deformation units are explicitly expressed by taking a zero level set of a level set function; the surface of the conductor is a zero level set, the value of the level set function in the conductor is more than zero, and the value of the level set function outside the conductor is less than zero:
the level set function used is:
wherein
(xi,yi) Is the coordinate of the point C of the flexible deformation unit, L is the half-length of the unit, theta is the inclination angle of the unit, and t1,t2And t3The half widths of three points A, B and C of the flexible deformation unit are respectively, and the 7 variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit can define the flexible deformation unit:
Xi＝[xi,yi,L,t1,t2,t3,θ]T
the value phi of a corresponding level set function can be obtained by any node with coordinates (x, y) on the finite element base structure to the ith flexible deformation unitiThe final level set function value of a node takes the maximum value phi of each value obtaineds(x,y)＝max(φ1,φ2,φ3,…,φn) N is the number of the flexible deformation units;
5.3) finite element analysis: after obtaining the level set function value, the conductivity of each shell element on the base structure is interpolated from the conductivities of its four nodes, resulting from the finite element method:
KV＝J
where K is the conductivity matrix of the entire structure, V is the voltage, and J is the current load;
thus obtaining a finite element model of the flexible deformation unit;
5.4) iterative optimization process:
the final mathematical model for power distribution network topology optimization is as follows:
where f is an explicit expression of the objective function deltap,
and
respectively the standard capacitance value of the ith capacitor and the k step iteration capacitance value of the equivalent circuit,
and
respectively, the standard inductance value of the jth inductor and the k-th iteration step inductance value, XminAnd XmaxMaximum and minimum limits on the independent variable, respectively;
the sensitivity of the objective function to the material property of the design variable unit is obtained by the adjoint variable method as follows:
in the formula, J (rho) is current load, K (rho) is a rigidity matrix of finite element analysis, lambda is an accompanying variable, η is a state variable, and the rigidity matrix is obtained through finite element calculation;
continuously and iteratively updating the parameters obtained in the MMA solver until the value of the objective function is smaller than a preset minimum value delta PminAnd obtaining the real appearance state of the deformed transformer winding obtained by solving by adopting a flexible deformation unit topological optimization method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the topological optimization tool is applied to the quantitative reverse solution of the transformer winding deformation, and the equivalent circuit is used for calculating the frequency response, so that the huge calculation amount of directly calculating the frequency response function by adopting the electromagnetic field finite element is avoided, and the correction efficiency is improved; meanwhile, a topological optimization method is introduced to visually reduce the deformed winding, so that the reduction precision of the winding deformation is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model of a transformer winding according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example level set function.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment flexible deformation unit.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the zero level set function surface and the finite element substrate according to the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the winding state of the transformer obtained by the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for solving inverse deformation state of power transformer winding based on topology optimization includes the following steps:
1) establishing a transformer winding equivalent circuit model:
firstly, establishing a winding equivalent circuit model taking a coil cake as a basic unit according to the structural form of a transformer winding, and refining the coil cake with high element parameter sensitivity into an equivalent sub-circuit model taking turns as a unit;
based on an electromagnetic field analysis theory, accurately calculating each capacitance value of a winding equivalent circuit model by using a three-dimensional time harmonic field finite element method and the frequency variation characteristic of the dielectric constant of the insulating material; meanwhile, considering the skin effect, calculating all inductance values, and obtaining a winding equivalent circuit model shown in FIG. 2;
2) obtaining a frequency response function of a winding equivalent circuit model:
in the existing winding deformation detection methods, a frequency response analysis method has the most advantages, the method adopts the frequency response method to detect the winding parameter change, and deduces and calculates the frequency response function of a corresponding winding trapezoidal equivalent circuit model, such as a transfer voltage ratio function, an input end impedance function and the like, based on the circuit analysis principle;
3) calculating the sensitivity of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to the element parameters:
the sensitivity of the frequency response function to the element parameters is obtained on the premise of carrying out next model correction operation, the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding has a complex structure, and the parameters of the electric elements are more, such as inductance parameters, inter-pie (turn) capacitance parameters, earth capacitance parameters and the like;
the sensitivity of a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding to a certain element parameter is defined as follows:
in the formula, H is a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding; pnIs the nth element parameter of the equivalent circuit model. On the basis of obtaining the sensitivity of the frequency response function to each element parameter, a sensitivity matrix [ S ] of the equivalent circuit model multi-frequency point frequency response function-element parameter is constructed]；
4) And (3) correction of winding equivalent circuit model parameters:
the method adopts a model correction method based on a frequency response function, and corrects the parameters of a simulated equivalent circuit model by using the frequency response function measured by experiments, so that the frequency response function of the corrected simulation model is consistent with the actually measured frequency response function, and the obtained parameter residual error can represent the deformation state of the transformer winding;
4.1) establishing the relationship among the parameter correction vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector:
according to the sensitivity matrix, establishing a relation equation among the element correction parameter increment vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector as follows:
[S]{ΔP}＝{ε} (2)
in the formula, the { delta P } is an element correction parameter increment vector, and the { epsilon } is a frequency response function residual vector of an experimental model and a simulation model;
4.2) iterative correction of equivalent circuit model parameters of the transformer winding:
obtaining an increment vector of a correction parameter of the transformer winding equivalent circuit model by solving the formula (2), thereby updating element parameters of the winding equivalent circuit model, and obtaining new element parameters as follows:
{Pnew}＝{Pold}+{ΔP} (3)
analyzing the influence of the corrected element parameters on the sensitivity matrix, and researching the selection strategy of the approximately linearly independent frequency points and the element parameters of the iterative correction to meet the convergence requirement of the iterative correction;
5) and (3) solving the transformer winding deformation reversely based on topology optimization:
the method adopts an explicit topology optimization method based on the flexible deformation unit to obtain the visual appearance state of the deformation winding, and comprises the following specific operation steps:
5.1) establishing an objective function of a winding deformation topological optimization model:
determining an optimized area by referring to the result of the parameter correction of the equivalent circuit model element, and establishing a finite element analysis model dispersed into shell units; calculating inductance and capacitance parameters of a normal winding wire cake through electromagnetic field analysis to serve as initial topological optimization values, and comparing the initial topological optimization values with element correction parameters of an equivalent circuit model to obtain deviation quantities of the parameters; and establishing a multi-objective optimization objective function by taking the minimum deviation amount as an optimization objective of the winding deformation topology optimization model:
designing variables: xi＝[X1,X2……Xn]
An objective function: minimum deviation of winding parameter Δ P
Constraint conditions are as follows: KV ═ J
Wherein, XiIs a set of variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit, U being XiIs K is the whole structureThe conductivity matrix, V is the voltage, J is the current load,
5.2) construction of flexible deformation unit: the final configuration of the power distribution network is composed of a plurality of flexible deformation units, and the flexible deformation units are explicitly expressed by taking a zero level set of a level set function;
fig. 3 is a depiction of a level set function, with the conductor surface being a zero level set, the in-conductor level set function value being greater than zero, the out-of-conductor level set function value being less than zero:
as shown in fig. 4, the level set function used is:
wherein
(xi,yi) Is the coordinate of the point C of the flexible deformation unit, L is the half-length of the unit, theta is the inclination angle of the unit, and t1,t2And t3The half widths of three points A, B and C of the flexible deformation unit are respectively, and the 7 variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit can define the flexible deformation unit:
Xi＝[xi,yi,L,t1,t2,t3,θ]T
the value phi of a corresponding level set function can be obtained by any node with coordinates (x, y) on the finite element base structure to the ith flexible deformation unitiThe final level set function value of a node takes the maximum value phi of each value obtaineds(x,y)＝max(φ1,φ2,φ3,…,φn) N is the number of the flexible deformation units;
5.3) finite element analysis: after obtaining the level set function value, the conductivity of each shell element on the base structure can be interpolated from the conductivities of its four nodes:
where rho0And ρ1The electrical conductivities of the finite element substrate material and the winding material, respectively, H ═ H (x) is the Heaviside function,
(i ═ 1,2,3,4) is the level set function value at the ith node of base building block e;
the Heaviside function takes the form:
thus obtained by the finite element method:
KV＝J
where K is the conductivity matrix of the entire structure, V is the voltage, and J is the current load;
thus obtaining a finite element model of the flexible deformation unit, as shown in FIG. 5;
5.4) iterative optimization process:
the final mathematical model for power distribution network topology optimization is as follows:
where f is an explicit expression of the objective function deltap,
and
respectively, the standard capacitance value and the ith capacitance value of the ith capacitor in the equivalent circuitThe step capacitance value is iterated by the step k,
and
respectively, the standard inductance value of the jth inductor and the k-th iteration step inductance value, XminAnd XmaxMaximum and minimum limits on the independent variable, respectively;
the sensitivity of the objective function to the material properties of the design variable unit is calculated by the adjoint variational method as follows:
in the formula, J (rho) is current load, K (rho) is a rigidity matrix of finite element analysis, lambda is an accompanying variable, η is a state variable and can be obtained through finite element calculation;
continuously and iteratively updating the parameters obtained in the MMA solver until the value of the objective function is smaller than a preset minimum value delta PminAnd obtaining the real appearance state of the deformed transformer winding obtained by solving by adopting a flexible deformation unit topological optimization method.
The final winding state obtained by the topology optimization method is schematically shown in fig. 6.
Claims (1)
1. A method for reversely solving the deformation state of a power transformer winding based on topology optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a transformer winding equivalent circuit model:
firstly, establishing a winding equivalent circuit model taking a coil cake as a basic unit according to the structural form of a transformer winding, and refining the coil cake with high element parameter sensitivity into an equivalent sub-circuit model taking turns as a unit;
calculating each capacitance value of the equivalent circuit model of the winding by using a three-dimensional time harmonic field finite element method and the frequency-variable characteristic of the dielectric constant of the insulating material based on an electromagnetic field analysis theory; meanwhile, the skin effect is considered, and all inductance values are calculated, so that a winding equivalent circuit model is obtained;
2) obtaining a frequency response function of a winding equivalent circuit model:
detecting the parameter change of the winding by adopting a frequency response method, and deducing and calculating a frequency response function of a corresponding winding trapezoidal equivalent circuit model based on a circuit analysis principle;
3) calculating the sensitivity of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to the element parameters:
adopting an adjoint network method to carry out frequency response function sensitivity analysis on each element parameter of the transformer winding equivalent circuit model, and simultaneously calculating the sensitivity value of the frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model to all element parameters;
the sensitivity of a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding to a certain element parameter is defined as follows:
in the formula, H is a frequency response function of the equivalent circuit model of the transformer winding; pnFor the nth element parameter of the equivalent circuit model, on the basis of obtaining the sensitivity of the frequency response function to each element parameter, a sensitivity matrix [ S ] of the equivalent circuit model multi-frequency point frequency response function-element parameter is constructed]；
4) And (3) correction of winding equivalent circuit model parameters:
correcting the parameters of the simulated equivalent circuit model by using the frequency response function measured by experiments by adopting a model correction method based on the frequency response function, so that the frequency response function of the corrected simulation model is consistent with the actually measured frequency response function, and the obtained parameter residual error represents the deformation state of the transformer winding;
4.1) establishing the relationship among the parameter correction vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector:
according to the sensitivity matrix, establishing a relation equation among the element correction parameter increment vector, the sensitivity matrix and the frequency response function residual error vector as follows:
[S]{ΔP}＝{ε} (2)
in the formula, the { delta P } is an element correction parameter increment vector, and the { epsilon } is a frequency response function residual vector of an experimental model and a simulation model;
4.2) iterative correction of equivalent circuit model parameters of the transformer winding:
obtaining an increment vector of a correction parameter of the transformer winding equivalent circuit model by solving the formula (2), thereby updating element parameters of the winding equivalent circuit model, and obtaining new element parameters as follows:
{Pnew}＝{Pold}+{ΔP} (3)
analyzing the influence of the corrected element parameters on the sensitivity matrix, and researching the selection strategy of the approximately linearly independent frequency points and the element parameters of the iterative correction to meet the convergence requirement of the iterative correction;
5) and (3) solving the transformer winding deformation reversely based on topology optimization:
the method comprises the following specific operation steps of obtaining a visual appearance state of a deformation winding by adopting an explicit topology optimization method based on a flexible deformation unit:
5.1) establishing an objective function of a winding deformation topological optimization model:
determining an optimized area by referring to the result of the parameter correction of the equivalent circuit model element, and establishing a finite element analysis model dispersed into shell units; calculating inductance and capacitance parameters of a normal winding wire cake through electromagnetic field analysis to serve as initial topological optimization values, and comparing the initial topological optimization values with element correction parameters of an equivalent circuit model to obtain deviation quantities of the parameters; and establishing a multi-objective optimization objective function by taking the minimum deviation amount as an optimization objective of the winding deformation topology optimization model:
designing variables: xi＝[X1，X2，…，Xl，]Wherein l represents the number of parameters of the design variable quantity;
an objective function: minimum deviation of winding parameter Δ P
Constraint conditions are as follows: KV ═ J
Wherein, XiIs a set of variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit, U being XiK is the conductivity matrix of the entire structure, V is the voltage, J is the current load,
5.2) construction of flexible deformation unit:
the final configuration of the power distribution network is composed of a plurality of flexible deformation units, and the flexible deformation units are explicitly expressed by taking a zero level set of a level set function; the surface of the conductor is a zero level set, the value of the level set function in the conductor is more than zero, and the value of the level set function outside the conductor is less than zero:
the level set function used is:
wherein
(xi,yi) Is the coordinate of the point C of the flexible deformation unit, L is the half-length of the unit, theta is the inclination angle of the unit, and t1,t2And t3The half widths of three points A, B and C of the flexible deformation unit are respectively, and the 7 variables representing the geometric parameters of the flexible deformation unit can define the flexible deformation unit:
on finite element base structureThe node with any coordinate of (x, y) can calculate the value phi of a corresponding level set function for the ith flexible deformation unitiThe final level set function value of a node takes the maximum value phi of each value obtaineds(x,y)＝max(φ1(x,y),φ2(x,y),φ3(x,y),…,φn(x, y)), n is the number of flexible deformation units;
5.3) finite element analysis: after obtaining the level set function value, the conductivity of each shell element on the base structure is interpolated from the conductivities of its four nodes, resulting from the finite element method:
KV＝J
where K is the conductivity matrix of the entire structure, V is the voltage, and J is the current load;
thus obtaining a finite element model of the flexible deformation unit;
5.4) iterative optimization process:
the final mathematical model for power distribution network topology optimization is as follows:
where f is an explicit expression of the objective function deltap,
and
respectively the standard capacitance value of the ith capacitor and the k step iteration capacitance value of the equivalent circuit,
and
respectively, the standard inductance value of the jth inductor and the k-th iteration step inductance value, XminAnd XmaxMaximum and minimum limits on the independent variable, respectively;
the sensitivity of the objective function to the material property of the design variable unit is obtained by the adjoint variable method as follows:
in the formula, J (rho) is current load, K (rho) is a rigidity matrix of finite element analysis, lambda is an accompanying variable, η is a state variable, and the rigidity matrix is obtained through finite element calculation;
continuously and iteratively updating the parameters obtained in the MMA solver until the value of the objective function is smaller than a preset minimum value delta PminAnd obtaining the real appearance state of the deformed transformer winding obtained by solving by adopting a flexible deformation unit topological optimization method.
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| CN112417727B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-06 | 三峡大学 | High-frequency transformer leakage inductance parameter calculation method considering end effect |
| CN112861469A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-05-28 | 杭州电力设备制造有限公司 | Distribution transformer model parameter estimation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115994475B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-20 | 顺特电气设备有限公司 | Multi-working-condition topology optimization-based transformer shell design method and transformer shell |
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