CN108918833B - Inversion simulation test system and method for stope overburden rock movement - Google Patents
Inversion simulation test system and method for stope overburden rock movement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108918833B CN108918833B CN201810817523.3A CN201810817523A CN108918833B CN 108918833 B CN108918833 B CN 108918833B CN 201810817523 A CN201810817523 A CN 201810817523A CN 108918833 B CN108918833 B CN 108918833B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stope overlying rock movement inversion simulation test system and a test method, wherein the system comprises a main body simulation frame and a control unit, wherein a lifting platform, coal seam similar materials, a direct top layer, a basic top layer and an overlying load layer are sequentially arranged on the main body simulation frame from bottom to top; the lifting platform comprises a lifting platform body and a plurality of lifting plates, and the lifting platform body is used for independently driving each lifting plate to move up and down; the coal bed similar material is horizontally laid on the lifting plate, and a plurality of first stress detection units are further arranged inside two ends of the coal bed similar material layer and between the coal bed similar material layer and the lifting plate; the method can simulate the plastic zone of the coal bed, more truly invert the law of the field rock stratum stress change, obtain more real and reliable data, meet the requirements of scientific research and teaching, and can intuitively reflect the morphological damage characteristics of the coal bed similar material constitutive model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stope stress simulation, in particular to a stope overlying strata movement inversion simulation test system.
Background
Because the change rules of the overburden and the coal bed are relatively complex, and the relationship between the change of the stress field in the rock bed and the overlying strata movement caused by coal bed mining cannot be accurately predicted, effective data is difficult to acquire for carrying out targeted research on the change. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a stope overlying rock movement inversion simulation test system, which can invert the overlying rock movement law and the stress change law in a working face to obtain the characteristic of stress distribution change, so as to provide related theoretical guidance for coal mine production by using related test parameters.
In the prior art, most simulation test beds adopt similar materials (Chinese invention patent, application number 201611201121.8) for simulation, but the early-stage workload is large when simulation is carried out by using similar material tests, and the fracture structure of a rock stratum cannot be simulated. The mechanical simulation test bed (Chinese invention patent, application number 201510379053.3) developed by Shandong science and technology university on the basis of the above adopts modules to simulate the test bed, and can simulate basic roofs with different thicknesses to obtain data of supporting pressure distribution by fully utilizing the characteristic that the block body is easy to detach. The defects exist that: because the similar materials have lower intensity, the requirements on overburden simulation cannot be met, the test preparation time is longer, the labor intensity is higher, and the continuous test is not suitable; in addition, although the mechanical simulation test bed has the advantage that the module is easy to detach, the module strength of the simulated coal body is high, so that the destructive characteristics of the coal body constitutive model cannot be fully demonstrated in the process of simulating coal seam mining. Therefore, a set of mining overlying strata movement inversion simulation test system is researched, the advantages of the two test beds are combined, and the transverse stress change rule and the internal and external stress field change rule of the overlying strata of the mining field can be fully inverted by innovating the test bed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a stope overburden rock movement inversion simulation test system and a test method which can visually reflect the morphological failure characteristics, the internal and external stress field changes and the law of overburden transverse stress changes.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a stope overburden rock movement inversion simulation test system which comprises a main body simulation frame and a control unit, wherein a lifting platform, coal seam similar materials, a direct top layer, a basic top layer and an overlying load layer are sequentially arranged on the main body simulation frame from bottom to top;
the lifting platform comprises a lifting platform body and a plurality of lifting plates, and the lifting platform body is used for independently driving each lifting plate to move up and down;
the coal bed similar material is horizontally laid on the lifting plate, and a plurality of first stress detection units are further arranged inside two ends of the coal bed similar material layer and between the coal bed similar material layer and the lifting plate;
the basic top layer comprises a plurality of basic top layer components, two adjacent basic top layer components are sequentially connected end to end, or the two adjacent basic top layer components are connected through at least one detachable connecting block, wherein each basic top layer component comprises a first connecting body, a second connecting body and a connecting unit, one end of the first connecting body is hinged to one end of the second connecting body, the first connecting body and the second connecting body are further connected through the connecting unit, and a second stress detection unit is arranged on the first connecting body, the second connecting body and/or the detachable connecting block;
a third stress detection unit is arranged inside the upper covering load layer;
the control unit is respectively connected with the lifting platform body, the connecting unit, the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit.
Further, first connecting body includes first iron plate main part and first fixed gluey piece, the body is connected to the second includes second iron plate main part and the fixed gluey piece of second, first iron plate main part with the second iron plate main part is connected through twining the hinge, the linkage unit is including the electro-magnet and the armature of mutually supporting, electro-magnet and armature inlay respectively establish the medial surface of first iron plate main part with the medial surface of second iron plate main part, the electro-magnet still with the control unit is connected, and first fixed gluey piece and the fixed gluey piece of second are fixed respectively first iron plate main part with the outside of second iron plate main part, the both sides of dismantling the connecting block respectively with the lateral surface joint cooperation of first fixed gluey piece and the fixed gluey piece of second.
Furthermore, the two sides of the detachable connecting block and the first fixed rubber block and the second fixed rubber block are locked together through bolts.
Further, the direct top layer comprises a plurality of polyvinyl chloride blocks which are sequentially arranged, and the shape and the position of each polyvinyl chloride block correspond to those of the lifting plate.
Further, the overlying load layer comprises a plurality of rubber blocks which are closely arranged together.
Further, the shape and position of the first stress detection unit correspond to the shape and position of the lifting plate.
The invention provides a test method adopting the stope overlying strata movement inversion simulation test system, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation work
1.1, debugging a first stress detection unit, a second stress detection unit and a third stress detection unit by using an ohmmeter before starting a test, and adjusting voltage values corresponding to the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit to be 0.1;
1.2, marking the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit to be zero;
1.3 laying of simulation test System
1.3.1, controlling the lifting plates of the lifting platform to rise to a set height, numbering the lifting plates, and then laying a first stress detection unit on the lifting plates;
1.3.2, preparing a cuboid block from a coal bed similar material, and placing the cuboid block on a lifting plate;
1.3.3, laying a direct top layer;
1.3.4, laying a basic top layer;
and 1.3.5, laying an upper loading layer.
The second step is that: the control unit controls each pair of electromagnet and armature iron on the basic top layer to be in an attraction state;
the third step: simulating excavation is carried out on similar materials of the coal seam above one of the lifting plates, and a stress rod column diagram is observed and stored;
the fourth step: simulating and excavating similar materials of coal beds above other lifting plates in sequence;
the fifth step: after the simulated excavation of the similar materials of the coal seam is finished, adjusting the position of the thicker coal seam by using the lifting platform according to the actual condition in the project;
and a sixth step: each pair of electromagnet and armature on the basic top layer is disconnected, the upper loading layer slowly sinks, and the change of the stress rod column diagram is observed and stored.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the purpose of replacing the front end and the rear end of the working face with similar materials is to observe the damage process of the form of the working face along with the exploitation of the coal seam; stress pieces are then embedded in similar materials and tested for stress changes during failure of the similar materials. The second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit are arranged in the basic top layer and the upper covering load layer, so that the internal and external stress field changes and the transverse stress change rule conditions of the upper covering load layer during coal seam mining can be simulated, the plastic area of the coal seam can be simulated, the on-site rock stratum stress change rule can be inverted more truly, more real and reliable data can be obtained, the requirements of scientific research and teaching are met, the morphological damage characteristics of the coal seam similar material constitutive model can be reflected visually by utilizing the similarity of the coal seam similar material and the coal body constitutive model, meanwhile, the lifting platform can simulate the excavation of coal seams at different depths, the integrity of a mining working face can be ensured during the simulation of coal seam mining, and the applicability of the invention is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stope overburden movement inversion simulation test system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the basic top layer of the stope overburden movement inversion simulation test system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the basic top layer of the stope overburden movement inversion simulation testing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable connecting block of the stope overburden movement inversion simulation test system of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an overlying load layer of the stope overburden rock movement inversion simulation test system.
In the figure:
1-a main body simulation frame;
2-a control unit;
3-a lifting platform, 31-a lifting platform body and 32-a lifting plate;
4-coal bed similar materials;
5-direct top layer
6-basic top layer, 61-first connecting body, 611-first iron block main body, 612-first fixing glue block, 613-electromagnet, 62-second connecting body, 621-second iron block main body, 622-second fixing glue block, 623-armature, 63-detachable connecting block, 64-second stress detection unit, 65-double-twisted hinge and 66-bolt;
7-overlying a load bearing layer, 71-a third stress detection unit.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
In the present invention, it is assumed that the average thickness of the coal body is 170.30m, wherein the thickness of the coal seam is about 2.3m, the thickness of the immediate roof is about 6m, the thickness of the basic roof is about 20m, and the thickness of the overburden is about 142 m. Selecting a 500-meter (L) section in a coal seam to carry out corresponding tests, wherein the length of the stope overlying strata movement inversion simulation test bed is 5 meters (D), and the similar proportion formula is calculated as follows:
K＝L/D
in the formula: k is a similar proportion; l is the segment length; d is the length of the simulation test bed.
Therefore, the geological conditions in the coal mine are reflected in the test system according to the proportion of 1: 100, the thickness of the coal seam is about 2.3cm, the thickness of the direct roof is about 6cm, the thickness of the basic roof is about 20cm, and the thickness of the overlying strata is about 142cm in the test system according to the corresponding proportion, the test system is used for testing after the laying of the proportion is finished, the change rule of the internal and external stress fields and the change rule of the transverse load stress of the overlying strata after the coal seam is mined are simulated through the test system, and finally, the specific mining process of the coal mine is guided according to the simulated result.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the inversion simulation test system for the stope overburden rock movement comprises a main body simulation frame 1 and a control unit 2, wherein a lifting platform 3, coal seam similar materials 4, a direct top layer 5, a basic top layer 6 and an overlying load layer 7 are sequentially arranged on the main body simulation frame 1 from bottom to top;
the lifting platform 3 comprises a lifting platform body 31 and a plurality of lifting plates 32, wherein the lifting platform body 31 is used for independently driving each lifting plate 32 to move up and down;
the coal seam similar material 4 is horizontally laid on the lifting plate 32, and a plurality of first stress detection units 33 are further arranged inside two ends of the coal seam similar material layer 4 and between the coal seam similar material layer 4 and the lifting plate 32; the coal seam similar material layer 4 in the invention is composed of aggregate and binding material, wherein the aggregate mainly comprises sand, clay, iron powder and the like, and the binding material mainly comprises gypsum, cement, lime, paraffin and the like. The purpose of replacing the front end and the rear end of the working face with the coal seam similar material 4 is as follows: the damage process of the form of the working face along with the exploitation of the coal seam can be observed; the first stress detection unit 33 can test the stress change during the failure of the coal seam similar material 4.
The basic top layer 6 comprises a plurality of basic top layer components, two adjacent basic top layer components are sequentially connected end to end, or two adjacent basic top layer components are connected through at least one detachable connecting block 63, wherein each basic top layer component comprises a first connecting body 61, a second connecting body 62 and a connecting unit, one end of the first connecting body 61 is hinged with one end of the second connecting body 62, the first connecting body 61 and the second connecting body 62 are further connected through the connecting unit, and a second stress detection unit 64 is arranged on the first connecting body 61, the second connecting body 62 and/or the detachable connecting block 63;
a third stress detection unit 71 is arranged in the upper covering load layer 7;
the control unit 2 is connected to the lifting table body 31, the connection unit, the first stress detection unit 33, the second stress detection unit 64, and the third stress detection unit 71, respectively.
According to the invention, the second stress detection unit 64 and the third stress detection unit 71 are arranged in the basic top layer 6 and the overlying load layer 7, so that the change of internal and external stress fields and the change of transverse stress of the overlying load layer 7 during coal seam mining can be simulated, the plastic region of the coal seam can be simulated, the change rule of field rock stratum stress can be inverted more truly, more real and reliable data can be obtained, the requirements of scientific research and teaching are met, the morphological failure characteristics of the coal seam similar material constitutive model can be reflected intuitively by utilizing the similarity between the coal seam similar material 4 and the constitutive model of the coal body, meanwhile, the lifting platform 3 can simulate excavation of different depths of the coal seam, the integrity of a mining working surface can be ensured during coal seam mining simulation, and the applicability of the invention is increased.
Specifically, the first connecting body 61 includes a first iron block main body 611 and a first fixing rubber block 612, the second connecting body 62 includes a second iron block main body 621 and a second fixing rubber block 622, the first iron block main body 611 and the second iron block main body 621 are connected through a double-twisted hinge 65, the connecting unit includes an electromagnet 613 and an armature 623 that are matched with each other, the electromagnet 613 and the armature 623 are respectively embedded in an inner side surface of the first iron block main body 611 and an inner side surface of the second iron block main body 621, the electromagnet 613 is further connected with the control unit 2, the first fixing rubber block 612 and the second fixing rubber block 622 are respectively fixed on outer sides of the first iron block main body 611 and the second iron block main body 621, and two sides of the detachable connecting block 63 are respectively in clamping fit with outer side surfaces of the first fixing rubber block 612 and the second fixing rubber block 622. In the present invention, the control unit 2 is used to control the electromagnet 613 to be energized to generate magnetism or be de-energized to lose magnetism, so as to cooperate with the armature 623 to complete the connection or separation of the first iron main body 611 and the second iron main body 621. The detachable connecting block 63 can be clamped with the first fixing rubber block 612 and the second fixing rubber block 622 in a matching manner of the convex groove. Preferably, in order to improve the connection strength, the two sides of the detachable connection block 63 are locked with the first fixing rubber block 612 and the second fixing rubber block 622 through the bolts 66.
In the present invention, the direct top layer 5 comprises a plurality of polyvinyl chloride blocks arranged in sequence, each polyvinyl chloride block having a shape and position corresponding to the shape and position of the lifting plate 32. Preferably, the overlying load-bearing layer 7 comprises a plurality of rubber blocks closely arranged together.
In the present invention, the shape and position of the first stress detection unit 33 correspond to those of the lifting plate 32. This avoids the direct top layer 5 being hindered from falling, improving the reliability of the stress test data.
The invention adopts the test method of the stope overlying strata movement inversion simulation test system, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation work
1.1, debugging a first stress detection unit 33, a second stress detection unit 64 and a third stress detection unit 71 by using an ohmmeter before starting a test, and adjusting the voltage values corresponding to the first stress detection unit 33, the second stress detection unit 64 and the third stress detection unit 71 to be 0.1;
1.2, marking the first stress detection unit 33, the second stress detection unit 64 and the third stress detection unit 71 to be zero;
and 1.3, simulating the laying of a test system.
1.3.1, controlling the lifting plates 32 of the lifting platform 3 to rise to a set height, numbering the lifting plates 32, and then laying a first stress detection unit 33 on the lifting plates 32; it is ensured that the first stress detection unit 33 can be lifted synchronously with the lifting table 3.
1.3.2, preparing a cuboid block by using coal bed similar materials 4, and placing the cuboid block on a lifting plate 32; preferably, the length of the coal seam similar material 4 is based on the distance between the two end lifting plates 32.
1.3.3, laying a direct top layer 5; and paving a first polyvinyl chloride block on the coal seam similar material 4, wherein the number of layers of the first polyvinyl chloride block is determined according to the thickness of the simulated direct roof.
1.3.4, laying a basic top layer 6; the number of the detachable connecting blocks 63 is determined according to the basic top layer breaking step distance, so that the breaking distance of the combination of the iron blocks and the rubber blocks simulating the basic top layer 6 and the breaking distance of the basic top layer meet the proportional relation set by the simulation system.
1.3.5, laying an upper loading layer 7. And calculating the height of the overlying load layer according to the corresponding proportion according to the simulated site, and then paving the rubber blocks of the overlying load layer 7.
The second step is that: the control unit 2 controls each pair of electromagnet 613 and armature 623 on the basic top layer 5 to be in an attraction state;
the third step: simulating excavation is carried out on the coal seam similar material 4 above one of the lifting plates 32, and a stress rod column diagram is observed and stored; for example: the similar materials 4 of the coal bed above the lifting plate 32 with the number 5 are excavated, the test bed does not change greatly, but the stress rod column diagram on the operation bed of the control unit 2 changes obviously, and the changed position is consistent with the position of simulated excavation; the transverse stress changes are not obvious except for small changes at the position of the direct top layer 5, and the changed stress bar graph is stored.
The fourth step: simulating and excavating similar materials 4 of the coal bed above the other lifting plates 32 in sequence; specifically, the damage degree of the left coal seam similar material 4 is gradually increased, and the stress rod column diagram of the coal seam similar material can be obviously shown to present an obvious arch shape through observation of the operation platform; in addition, in the coal seam mining process, the overlying strata are obviously changed, and the stress change of the stress rod column diagram is gradually transferred to the right along with the coal seam mining to the right gradually; the overburden transverse stress changes also exhibit a trend that gradually deflects to the right. And storing the change of the stress bar column diagram of the test process operating platform.
The fifth step: after the simulated excavation of the coal seam similar material 4 is finished, adjusting the position of a thicker coal seam by using the lifting platform 3 according to the actual condition in the project; specifically, the damage degree of similar materials of the right coal seam is gradually increased, and the stress rod column diagram on the operating platform is the same as that on the left side and is in a similar arch shape, so that the change conditions of internal and external stress fields after the coal seam is mined can be observed, and a place where stope stress is concentrated can be observed more visually; the law presented by the transverse stress change in the overburden is also relatively obvious, the stress of the extrusion position in the middle is higher than that of the two ends obviously, and the stress is gradually reduced from the middle to the two ends. And storing the change of the stress bar column diagram of the test process operating platform.
And a sixth step: each pair of electromagnet 613 and armature 623 on the primary top layer 5 is disconnected and a slow dip of the overlying load layer 7 occurs, and the change in the stress bar graph is observed and stored.
The method can simulate the basic top layer 5 with different thicknesses, can also aim at different coal seam thicknesses, can perform inversion simulation on the motion condition of the overlying strata of the stope on the basis, and can provide certain guiding suggestions for a coal mine site.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A test method of a stope overlying rock movement inversion simulation test system is characterized in that the stope overlying rock movement inversion simulation test system comprises a main body simulation frame and a control unit, wherein a lifting platform, coal seam similar materials, a direct top layer, a basic top layer and an overlying load layer are sequentially arranged on the main body simulation frame from bottom to top;
the lifting platform comprises a lifting platform body and a plurality of lifting plates, and the lifting platform body is used for independently driving each lifting plate to move up and down;
the coal bed similar material is horizontally laid on the lifting plate, and a plurality of first stress detection units are further arranged inside two ends of the coal bed similar material layer and between the coal bed similar material layer and the lifting plate;
the basic top layer comprises a plurality of basic top layer components, two adjacent basic top layer components are sequentially connected end to end, or the two adjacent basic top layer components are connected through at least one detachable connecting block, wherein each basic top layer component comprises a first connecting body, a second connecting body and a connecting unit, one end of the first connecting body is hinged to one end of the second connecting body, the first connecting body and the second connecting body are further connected through the connecting unit, and a second stress detection unit is arranged on the first connecting body, the second connecting body and/or the detachable connecting block; the first connecting body comprises a first iron block main body and a first fixed rubber block, the second connecting body comprises a second iron block main body and a second fixed rubber block, the first iron block main body and the second iron block main body are connected through a double-twisted hinge, the connecting unit comprises an electromagnet and an armature which are matched with each other, the electromagnet and the armature are respectively embedded in the inner side surface of the first iron block main body and the inner side surface of the second iron block main body, the electromagnet is also connected with the control unit, the first fixed rubber block and the second fixed rubber block are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the first iron block main body and the second iron block main body, and two sides of the detachable connecting block are respectively in clamping fit with the outer side surfaces of the first fixed rubber block and the second fixed rubber block;
a third stress detection unit is arranged inside the upper covering load layer;
the control unit is respectively connected with the lifting platform body, the connecting unit, the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit;
the test method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation work
1.1, debugging a first stress detection unit, a second stress detection unit and a third stress detection unit by using an ohmmeter before starting a test, and adjusting voltage values corresponding to the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit to be 0.1;
1.2, marking the first stress detection unit, the second stress detection unit and the third stress detection unit to be zero;
1.3 laying of simulation test System
1.3.1, controlling the lifting plates of the lifting platform to rise to a set height, numbering the lifting plates, and then laying a first stress detection unit on the lifting plates;
1.3.2, preparing a cuboid block from a coal bed similar material, and placing the cuboid block on a lifting plate;
1.3.3, laying a direct top layer;
1.3.4, laying a basic top layer;
and 1.3.5, laying an upper loading layer. The second step is that: the control unit controls each pair of electromagnet and armature iron on the basic top layer to be in an attraction state;
the third step: simulating excavation is carried out on similar materials of the coal seam above one of the lifting plates, and a stress rod column diagram is observed and stored;
the fourth step: simulating and excavating similar materials of coal beds above other lifting plates in sequence;
the fifth step: after the simulated excavation of the similar materials of the coal seam is finished, adjusting the position of the thicker coal seam by using the lifting platform according to the actual condition in the project;
and a sixth step: each pair of electromagnet and armature on the basic top layer is disconnected, the upper loading layer slowly sinks, and the change of the stress rod column diagram is observed and stored.
2. The test method of the stope overburden rock movement inversion simulation test system as recited in claim 1, wherein two sides of said detachable connection block are locked with said first fixed rubber block and said second fixed rubber block by bolts.
3. The method of testing a stope overburden motion inversion simulation test system as recited in claim 1, wherein said direct top layer comprises a plurality of polyvinyl chloride blocks arranged in sequence, each polyvinyl chloride block having a shape and position corresponding to a shape and position of said lifter plate.
4. The method of testing a stope overburden motion inversion simulation test system as recited in claim 3, wherein said overburden loading layer comprises a plurality of rubber blocks arranged closely together.
5. The testing method of the stope overburden motion inversion simulation testing system as recited in claim 1, wherein a shape and a position of said first stress sensing unit correspond to a shape and a position of said heave plate.
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