CN108918358A - Particulate matter particle size distribution detection system and method based on DMA - Google Patents
Particulate matter particle size distribution detection system and method based on DMA Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001105559 Egernia cunninghami Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particle size distribution detection system and method based on DMA (electromigration characteristics). The PM2.5 cutter is used for separating particles with the particle size of less than 2.5 microns; the active charging subsystem is used for carrying out charging treatment on the particles; the flat plate DMA subsystem is used for deflecting the charged particles and separating the particles with different particle sizes; and the Faraday cup subsystem is used for transferring the electric charge carrying amount of the particulate matters so as to generate current and obtain the electric charge quantity carried by the particulate matters. Compared with the prior art, the system and the method are simpler and more convenient to operate, the working efficiency is improved, and the safety and the reliability of the system are guaranteed; by utilizing DMA technology, the particle distribution with the particle size of 10 nm-1 μm can be detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to particle size detection technique field, in particular to a kind of particle size distribution based on DMA
Detection system and method.
Background technique
Particulate matter of the partial size less than 0.5 μm mainly passes through respiration and enters body, in pulmonary deposition, and can directly wear
Saturating tissue is directly entered in human vas, is caused harm to the human body, and be generally difficult to remove these particulate matters.People
The particulate matter of body contact, even if its toxicity is very low, it is also possible to which the stress reaction that will cause human body causes inflammatory mediator to discharge, can
It can induce heart disease, tuberculosis or other systems physiological maladies.
What aerodynamic size detection method mainly utilized at present is the kinetic characteristic of particulate matter in a fluid, grain diameter measurement
It is generally in the range of (0.5-20) μm；Laser light scattering detection method is based on Mie scattering theory, and grain diameter measurement is generally in the range of (0.3-
5)μm.It is nanoscale Particle distribution that above-mentioned detection method, which cannot accurately measure partial size,.
Electromigration characteristic (DMA) detection method is to deflect different distances in the electric field according to the particulate matter of different-grain diameter come real
The technology of existing separating granular, can measure partial size is nanoscale Particle distribution concentration.But current detection device knot
Structure is complicated, cumbersome, and cannot accurately measure the partial size of particulate matter.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of, and the particle size based on DMA is distributed detection system
System and method, for detecting the particle diameter distribution of 10nm~1 μm particulate matter.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical schemes：
A kind of particle size distributed detection system based on DMA, including PM2.5 cutter, actively charged subsystem, puts down
Plate DMA subsystem, Faraday cup subsystem, wherein
The PM2.5 cutter is connected with the charged subsystem of the active, for particle separation diameter less than 2.5 μm
Grain object；
The charged subsystem of active, is connected, for connecing respectively with the PM2.5 cutter and plate DMA subsystem
Particulate matter of the partial size less than 2.5 μm is received, and charged processing is carried out to particulate matter, makes charge on particulate matter band；
The plate DMA subsystem is connected with the charged subsystem of the active and Faraday cup subsystem respectively, is used for
Charged particle thing is received, and charged particle thing is made to deflect；
The Faraday cup subsystem is connected with the plate DMA subsystem, for receiving the charged particle after deflecting
Object carries out transfer to generate electric current for charged particle thing institute is electrically charged, and calculates the electrically charged quantity of particulate matter institute according to electric current.
Preferably, the charged subsystem of the active includes shell, corona discharge needle, circular arc lateral electrode, air inlet, outlet
Mouthful, wherein
The shell, structure are cuboid or cylindrical body, and inner wall uses insulating materials；
The corona discharge needle, positioned at one end of the inner walls, structure is needle-shaped；
The circular arc lateral electrode is located at the inner walls other end, and structure is arc-shaped, and the center of circle of circular arc is located at
In cavity；
The air inlet, quantity at least two are evenly distributed on the shell around the corona discharge needle.
The gas outlet is connect with the circular arc lateral electrode, and is located on the shell.
Preferably, the corona discharge needle, it is coaxial with the center of circle of the circular arc lateral electrode and do not contact.
Preferably, the circular arc lateral electrode, internal is the hollow out conical structure of polishing treatment.
Preferably, the plate DMA subsystem includes pole plate, entrance, outlet, wherein
The pole plate, is divided into top crown and bottom crown, for constituting electric field region；
The entrance, one end of top crown in the pole plate, the entrance for charged particle thing；
The outlet is distributed in the pole plate on bottom crown, and is connected with the Faraday cup subsystem, and band is used for
The outflow of electric particulate matter.
Preferably, the height between the plate DMA subsystem top crown and bottom crown is 2mm~10mm, the width of pole plate
Degree is 10mm~50mm, and the horizontal distance of entrance and exit is 0mm~20mm.
A kind of particle size distribution detection method based on DMA, includes the following steps：
S1:PM2.5 cutter cuts sample gas, isolates particulate matter of the partial size less than 2.5 μm；
S2:Actively charged subsystem uses low voltage single-pole corona discharge needle diffusional charging method to partial size less than 2.5 μm
Particulate matter carry out charged processing, make charge on particulate matter band；
S3:Plate DMA subsystem makes charged particle thing deflect；
S4:Charged particle thing after deflection enters Faraday cup subsystem, electrically charged generations of charged particle thing institute shift from
And generate electric current；
S5:The electric current of generation is transmitted on signal amplifier by signal wire, is generated voltage signal, is obtained size of current,
The quantity of electric charge for calculating inverting charged particle thing, finally obtains the partial size of particulate matter.
Preferably, the plate DMA subsystem make charged particle thing occur horizontal direction deflection distance 10mm~
20mm, thus the particulate matter of particle separation diameter 10nm~1 μm.
Preferably, a kind of particle size based on DMA is distributed detection method, and the grain of particulate matter is obtained by following formula
Diameter：
Dp is the partial size of particulate matter in formula；Electrically charged amount of the n for particulate matter；μ is the coefficient of viscosity of air；C*It is peaceful for bank
Pacify correction factor；E is basic electric charge；V is the voltage that the plate DMA subsystem applies；W is the plate DMA subsystem
The width of pole plate in system；H is the height in the plate DMA subsystem between top crown and bottom crown；L is that charged particle thing exists
The deflection distance of X-direction in the plate DMA subsystem.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
Active charge subsystem of the invention is using low voltage single-pole diffusional charging mode, without in internal system volume
Outer application voltage not only reduces cost, also improves the safety of active charge subsystem operations；
Active charge subsystem of the invention uses integrated symmetric structure, it is ensured that carries out sufficiently and uniformly to particulate matter
Charged processing improves the reliability of active charge subsystem；
Plate DMA subsystem of the invention, structure is simply convenient for operating, and can be precisely separated partial size 10nm~1 μm
Particulate matter.
Detailed description of the invention：
Fig. 1 is the knot according to a kind of particle size distributed detection system based on DMA of exemplary embodiment of the present
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart according to the charged subsystem of active of exemplary embodiment of the present.
Fig. 3 is the high voltage and constant current electric operation control circuit figure according to exemplary embodiment of the present.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart according to the plate DMA subsystem of exemplary embodiment of the present.
Fig. 5 is the stream that detection method is distributed according to a kind of particle size based on DMA of exemplary embodiment of the present
Cheng Tu.
It is marked in Fig. 2：1- corona discharge needle, 2- air inlet, the gas outlet 3-, 4- circular arc lateral electrode, the charged sky of 5- shell 6-
Chamber.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should not be understood
It is all that this is belonged to based on the technology that the content of present invention is realized for the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments
The range of invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, a kind of particle size distributed detection system based on DMA proposed by the present invention, including
PM2.5 cutter, the charged subsystem of active, plate DMA subsystem, Faraday cup subsystem.
The PM2.5 cutter is connected with the air inlet 2 of the charged subsystem of the active, is used for discrete sampling gas
Particulate matter of the middle partial size less than 2.5 μm, and make it into the charged subsystem of the active.
The charged subsystem of active, using the method for low voltage single-pole corona discharge needle diffusional charging to from air inlet 2
The particulate matter of entrance carries out charged processing, so that particulate matter is sufficiently and uniformly taken charge, and make charged particle thing from gas outlet 3
Into the plate DMA subsystem.
The plate DMA subsystem, entrance is connected with the gas outlet 3 of the charged subsystem of the active, for receiving
Charged particle thing；The plate DMA subsystem applies the voltage of 500V~10KV on pole plate to form electric field, electric field line edge
Y direction, and it is passed through at the uniform velocity sheath gas air-flow along the x axis；Charged particle thing enters the plate DMA subsystem from entrance,
It will deflect under the action of electric field；Partial size 10nm~1 μm charged particle thing X-direction deflection distance (i.e. entrance and
Export distance in X-axis) it is 10mm~20mm, and enter the Faraday cup subsystem from outlet after colliding with bottom crown
System.
The Faraday cup subsystem is connected with the outlet of the plate DMA subsystem, for receive partial size 10nm~
1 μm of charged particle thing, and transfer is carried out to generating electric current by charged particle thing institute is electrically charged, particulate matter is obtained according to electric current
The electrically charged amount of institute.
As shown in Fig. 2, the charged subsystem of active includes corona discharge needle 1, air inlet 2, gas outlet 3, circular arc side electricity
Pole 4, shell 5.
The shell 5, structure can be cuboid or cylindrical body according to the speed designs of sample gas air-flow, and inside is charged sky
Chamber 6；The shell 5, inner wall use insulating materials.
The corona discharge needle 1, positioned at one end of the charged cavity 6, structure be it is needle-shaped, be used for corona discharge.Institute
Circular arc lateral electrode 4 is stated, positioned at the other end of the charged cavity 6, structure is arc-shaped, and the center of circle of circular arc is located at charged sky
In chamber 6；The inside of the circular arc lateral electrode 4 is the hollow out conical structure of polishing treatment, and the angle that the conical surface is formed is suitable for corona
Electric discharge.The corona discharge needle 1 is coaxial with the center of circle of the circular arc lateral electrode 4 and does not contact, and this structure makes field distribution phase
To uniform, therefore particulate matter is not susceptible to electrostatic precipitation.
The air inlet 2, quantity at least two are evenly distributed in the shell 5 around the corona discharge needle 1
On, and it is in same level；Above structure, which is distributed with, forms turbulent flow in the charged cavity 6 conducive to sample air-flow body, and right
Sample gas plays buffer function, so that fluid flow fields are more uniform, realizes the uniform charged of particulate matter.
The gas outlet 3 connects the circular arc lateral electrode 4, is located on the shell 5, the stream for charged particle thing
Out.
Further, the charged subsystem of the active further includes high voltage and constant current control circuit (with reference to Fig. 3), for making
Grain object charged process is more stable.The high voltage and constant current control circuit includes electric current gear selection circuit, and current sampling and I-V turn
Change circuit, current judgement circuit, control circuit, high-pressure modular.
The electric current gear selection circuit, for current value needed for setting the high voltage and constant current control circuit.
The current sampling and I-V conversion circuit, for controlling the output of voltage.
The current judgement circuit, for differentiating the high voltage and constant current control circuit present current value, if present current value
Then continue to increase output voltage less than setting electric current value, otherwise controlling high-pressure modular reduces output voltage, until current flow reaches
To setting electric current value；It, will control current sampling and the reduction output of I-V conversion circuit if load current is greater than set current value
Voltage, until reaching setting electric current value.
The control circuit receives the signal from current judgement circuit, for controlling the output of high-pressure modular.
The high-pressure modular, for adjusting the output of voltage.
As shown in figure 4, the plate DMA subsystem includes pole plate, entrance, outlet.
The pole plate, is divided into top crown and bottom crown；The voltage for applying 500V~10KV on the pole plate, forms electric field,
Direction of an electric field is Y direction, for making charged particle thing deflect in the plate DMA subsystem movement.The plate
DMA subsystem, the height between top crown and bottom crown are 2mm~10mm, and the width of pole plate is 10mm~50mm.
The entrance, one end of top crown in the pole plate, for receiving the entrance of charged particle thing；It is described go out
Mouthful, it is densely distributed on bottom crown, and be connected with the Faraday cup subsystem, for receiving the charged particle after deflecting
Object.The horizontal space of the entrance and exit is 0mm~20mm.
In addition to detection system disclosed by the invention, a kind of particle size distribution detection method (ginseng based on DMA is also provided
Examine Fig. 5), include the following steps：
S1:PM2.5 cutter cuts sample gas, isolates particulate matter of the partial size less than 2.5 μm；
S2:Actively charged subsystem carries out charged processing to the particulate matter after separation, makes charge on particulate matter band；
In step S2, actively charged subsystem uses diffusional charging method, and diffusional charging refers to that ion and particulate matter are made not
Regular warm-up movement and the mutual process collided and keep particulate matter charged.Diffusional charging is not necessarily to additionally apply electricity in subsystem internal
, it is not influenced by the composition of particulate matter.In the charged cavity 6 of the charged subsystem of active, the movement rate of ion is much higher than
The movement rate of particulate matter, therefore it is easy to the neutralization that just collides with particulate matter.
When diffusional charging, calculating particulate matter saturation carrying capacity is following formula.
In formula (1) k be Boltzmann constant, 1.38 × 10-23J/K；T is gas temperature；N0For the ion in charge electric appliance
Concentration, a/m3；E is the basic electricity of electronics；For the average speed of charged ion warm-up movement；ε0For permittivity of vacuum, 8.85
×10-12F/m；dpFor particle size.
S3：Plate DMA subsystem makes charged particle thing deflect movement, the deflection distance of horizontal direction be 10mm~
20mm, thus the particulate matter of particle separation diameter 10nm~1 μm；
In step S3, the movement velocity of charged particle thing is equal to electromobility multiplied by electric field strength.Under same electric field strength,
The movement velocity of charged particle thing is directly proportional to its electromobility, and electromobility is bigger, and charged particle thing movement velocity is faster；Electricity
Mobility is smaller, and movement velocity is slower.The charged particle thing of different-grain diameter has different electromobilities, thus in the electric field
With different movement velocitys, therefore the deflection of the charged particle thing of different-grain diameter X-direction in the plate DMA subsystem
Distance (entrance to outlet) is different, to realize the separation of charged particle thing.For example, 1 μm of partial size of charged particle thing is in X-direction
Deflection distance be 10mm；The charged particle thing of partial size 10nm is 20mm in the deflection distance of X-direction.
The electromobility calculation formula of particulate matter is as follows：
Zp is the electromobility of particulate matter in formula (2)；C*For Cunningham's skink correction factor；E is basic electric charge；N is
The institute of particulate matter is electrically charged；μ is the coefficient of viscosity of air；dpFor particle size.
S4:The charged particle thing of partial size 10nm~1 μm enters Faraday cup subsystem, the electrically charged generation of charged particle thing institute
Transfer is to generate electric current；
In step S4, to reduce interference of the particulate matter of sampling to measuring signal, sample gas air-flow is used from the faraday
The front end of cup internal system electrode material into, after the mode that brings out.
S5:The electric current of generation is transmitted on signal amplifier by signal wire, is generated voltage signal, is obtained size of current,
The quantity of electric charge for calculating inverting charged particle thing, finally obtains the partial size of particulate matter.
When calculating, the partial size of particulate matter is obtained by following formula：
Dp is the partial size of particulate matter in formula (3)；Electrically charged amount of the n for particulate matter；μ is the coefficient of viscosity of air；C*
For Cunningham's skink correction factor；E is basic electric charge；V is the voltage that plate DMA subsystem applies；W is plate DMA subsystem
The width of middle pole plate；H is the height in plate DMA subsystem between top crown and bottom crown；L is charged particle thing in plate
The deflection distance of X-direction in DMA subsystem.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of particle size distributed detection system based on DMA, which is characterized in that it includes PM2.5 cutter, active lotus
Electronic system, plate DMA subsystem, Faraday cup subsystem, wherein
The PM2.5 cutter is connected with the charged subsystem of the active, the particulate matter for particle separation diameter less than 2.5 μm；
The charged subsystem of active, is connected, for receiving grain respectively with the PM2.5 cutter and plate DMA subsystem
Particulate matter of the diameter less than 2.5 μm, and charged processing is carried out to particulate matter, make charge on particulate matter band；
The plate DMA subsystem is connected, for receiving respectively with the charged subsystem of the active and Faraday cup subsystem
Charged particle thing, and charged particle thing is made to deflect；
The Faraday cup subsystem is connected with the plate DMA subsystem, for receiving the charged particle thing after deflecting,
Transfer is carried out to generate electric current by charged particle thing institute is electrically charged, and the electrically charged quantity of particulate matter institute is calculated according to electric current.
2. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the active lotus
Electronic system includes shell, corona discharge needle, circular arc lateral electrode, air inlet, gas outlet, wherein
The shell, structure are cuboid or cylindrical body, and inner wall uses insulating materials；
The corona discharge needle, positioned at one end of the inner walls, structure is needle-shaped；
The circular arc lateral electrode is located at the inner walls other end, and structure is arc-shaped, and the center of circle of circular arc is located at cavity
It is interior；
The air inlet is located on the shell；
The gas outlet is connect with the circular arc lateral electrode, and is located on the shell.
3. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the corona is put
Acusector, it is coaxial with the center of circle of the circular arc lateral electrode and do not contact.
4. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the circular arc side
Electrode, internal is the hollow out conical structure of polishing treatment.
5. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the air inlet,
Quantity at least two is evenly distributed on the shell around the corona discharge needle.
6. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the plate DMA
Subsystem includes pole plate, entrance, outlet, wherein
The pole plate, is divided into top crown and bottom crown, for constituting electric field region；
The entrance, one end of top crown in the pole plate, the entrance for charged particle thing；
The outlet is distributed in the pole plate on bottom crown, and is connected with the Faraday cup subsystem, for electrification
The outflow of grain object.
7. the particle size distributed detection system based on DMA as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the plate DMA
Height between subsystem top crown and bottom crown is 2mm~10mm, and the width of pole plate is 10mm~50mm, entrance and exit
Horizontal distance is 0mm~20mm.
8. a kind of particle size based on DMA is distributed detection method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1:PM2.5 cutter cuts sample gas, isolates particulate matter of the partial size less than 2.5 μm；
S2:Actively charged subsystem uses of the low voltage single-pole corona discharge needle diffusional charging method to partial size less than 2.5 μm
Grain object carries out charged processing, makes charge on particulate matter band；
S3:Plate DMA subsystem makes charged particle thing deflect；
S4:Charged particle thing after deflection enters Faraday cup subsystem, and the electrically charged generation transfer of charged particle thing institute is to produce
Raw electric current；
S5:The electric current of generation is transmitted on signal amplifier by signal wire, is generated voltage signal, is obtained size of current, is calculated
The quantity of electric charge of inverting charged particle thing finally obtains the partial size of particulate matter.
9. the particle size based on DMA is distributed detection method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the plate DMA
Subsystem makes deflection distance 10mm~20mm of charged particle thing generation horizontal direction, thus particle separation diameter 10nm~1 μm
Particulate matter.
10. particle size based on DMA is distributed detection method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that it is described by with
Lower formula obtains the partial size of particulate matter：
Dp is the partial size of particulate matter in formula；Electrically charged amount of the n for particulate matter；μ is the coefficient of viscosity of air；C*It is repaired for Cunningham's skink
Positive coefficient；E is basic electric charge；V is the voltage that the plate DMA subsystem applies；W is in the plate DMA subsystem
The width of pole plate；H is the height in the plate DMA subsystem between top crown and bottom crown；L is charged particle thing described
The deflection distance of X-direction in plate DMA subsystem.
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021114785A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Differential high-concentration particulate matter measurement system and method based on dynamic faraday cup |
| CN117030553A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
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| 曹阳阳: "小型大气细粒子谱仪关键部件研制", 《万方学位论文》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2021114785A1 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Differential high-concentration particulate matter measurement system and method based on dynamic faraday cup |
| CN117030553A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
| CN117030553B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-03-08 | 乌镇实验室 | Particle size measurement and screening collection method for powder particles |
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