CN108917797B - 具有非线性滤波器的接近度传感器和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于便携式被连接设备的传感器包括布置成降低经采样的输入信号上的噪声分量的滤波器30,其中滤波器布置成仅考虑在相同方向上系统地改变的输入测量,当预定时间窗口中的所有输入样本高于当前输出值或低于当前输出值时更新输出值,并且当时间窗口中的输入样本低于当前输出值和高于当前输出值时重复当前输出值。
Description
技术领域
本发明关注用于处理接近度传感器(proximity sensor)的输出的处理器,以及与处理器组合的智能接近度传感器,所述处理器被布置成输出区分与人体的接近度和与无生命物体的接近度的信号。本发明特别但不排他地涉及配备有这样的智能接近度传感器并且被布置成适配从无线电接口发射的RF以便维持给定限制内的比吸收率(SpecificAbsorption Rate, SAR)的被连接(connected)便携式设备。
背景技术
电容式接近度检测器使用在许多现代便携式设备中,包括移动电话和平板电脑,以确定设备是否接近于用户的身体部位。该信息以若干方式是重要的:其用于检测电话是否正在被用户主动地操纵,以及用户是否正在看向显示器,在该情况下可以适配所显示的信息,和/或设备从低功率状态切换至活跃状态。重要的是,该信息用于适配无线电发射器的功率水平以遵守法定SAR限制。电容式接近度检测器还使用在触敏显示器和面板中。
已知的电容式感测系统测量电极的电容(capacity),并且当设备被放置得接近于人体(例如手部、头部、或膝部)时检测电容中的增加。传感器的电容中的变化相对适度,并且通常达到当没有导电体接近时由传感器看到的“背景”电容的某个百分比。已知的电容式检测系统可以包括用于减去漂移和噪声贡献的数字处理器,并且实时递送净用户电容的数字值和/或基于可编程阈值而指示接近度状态的数字二进制标志。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种电容式接近度检测器中的针对非动物对象的区分方法,所述方法克服以上限制。
附图说明
在通过示例的方式给出并且通过附图图示的实施例的描述的帮助下,将更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1示意性地图示了便携式被连接设备中的电容式接近度传感器;
图2的流程图描述了非线性滤波方法;
图3标绘了通过滑动平均滤波器并且通过非线性滤波器处理的有噪声信号;
图4标绘了与滤波器窗口大小有关的标准偏差;
图5是描述了可选的基线估计方法的流程图;
图6图示了可选的多阈值区分方法。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出诸如便携式电话、膝上型计算机或平板电脑之类的被连接便携式设备中的电容式接近度检测器,但是应当理解到,本发明的滤波器和方法可以应用于多样的领域。
检测器对电极20的电容Cx是敏感的,所述电容Cx在逼近用户的手部、面部或身体时将略微增加。由于身体接近度而引起的变化被电极20的自身的电容遮蔽,电极自身的电容继而不是稳定的。电容信号优选地通过模拟处理器23放大和处理,其还可以减去可编程偏移,并且通过A/D转换器25转换成原始数字值。样本R(n)可以被编码为16位整数,或者采用任何其它合适的格式。
在非理想的世界中,原始样本 R(n)还包含通过滤波器30衰减的噪声和不需要的扰动。将在下文中更加详细描述的滤波器30提供对于相继阶段中的处理而言有用的一系列样本U(n)。
单元60是基线估计器,其考虑漂移而生成近似基线的瞬时值的一系列样本A(n)。这然后在差异单元40中被从U(n)样本减去并且提供经漂移校正的样本D(n)。区分器单元50然后生成指示用户的手部、面部或身体的接近度的二进制值“PROX”。然而,本发明不限于二进制输出,并且也涵盖生成多位接近度值的检测器。
在本发明的可选变型中,基线估计器60包括漂移补偿单元,其被布置成通过以下来追踪漂移和从接近度信号减去漂移从而生成经漂移补偿的信号:在所确定的时间间隔中测量接近度信号的变化,当逻辑PROX值被断言并且变化不在预定接受区中或者变化在预定冻结区中时冻结对所述漂移的追踪,如在图5中所表示的。
本发明的方法的重要方面是(步骤120)有用信号U n 的变化的估计。变化通过数量来表示,优选地在每一个新的有用样本处计算数量(步骤105)。估计的变化的可能方式是样本与在前一个之间的差值,或者优选地,合适窗口(例如的最后八个接收的样本)中的差值的滑动平均。然而,可以指代变化的任何其它合适的估计器。
在步骤122处,本发明的方法检查接近度信号是否是有效的,即是否存在导电体在附近的指示。如果该测试的结果是正面的,则方法测试(步骤130)变化是否在预定接受区中。在该示例中,将与下阈值和上阈值比较,所述下阈值可以是负的,所述上阈值在大多数情况下将是正的。
可选地,如在该示例中所示,还可以在接近度信号不是有效时基于变化而冻结基线估计。这是所示示例的情况,其中在步骤135处,将变化与另一阈值比较。如果变化超过该值,冻结基线估计(步骤140),否则以任何合适的方式基于样本而更新的值(步骤148)。在可能的实现方式中,可以将设定成等于或等于过去个样本的平均。
倘若电容式接近度传感器是用于SAR控制的被连接便携式设备的部分,传感器电极20将优选地被放置成接近于RF发射器的发射天线,以精确地确定距无线电源的距离。传感器电极20可以通过印刷电路板上或柔性电路板上的导体实现,并且可以在背部上和侧部处具有保护电极,以抑制设备的背部处或侧部上的身体和物体的检测。
在相同应用中,电容式电极20还可以充当RF天线或其部分。图1示出本发明的该特征。电极20通过解耦电容器Cd连接至无线电发射器和接收器单元90,并且具有电感器Ld,或另一RF阻挡元件,以阻挡射频信号。否则,无线电单元90可以连接至与感测电极20分离且独立的天线,所述天线在该情况下可以直接连接至模拟接口23而没有解耦电感器Ld。
图6图示了本发明的另一可选变型,其中电容量(capacitance)可当检测器逼近身体(峰值630)并且然后是无生命物体(峰值650)时被检测为作为时间的函数。在区分器50中,将电容信号与四个阈值比较:最低并且对应于当其未被超过时指示发射器可以以全RF功率操作的距任何身体部位的充足距离的值。最高阈值指示,当其被超越时,天线非常有可能接近于身体部位,并且必须降低功率。中间阈值和对可能通过身体部位或无生命物体产生的值的段划界,并且在该段中,基于信号的变化而做出决策。根据本发明的一方面,当电容被包括在与之间时,区分器单元检查随时间的电容的变化,并且确定电容量信号是否稳定。可以例如通过验证所确定的时间窗口内的信号的最大值和最小值不比给定值更加分离或以任何其它合适的方式判断稳定性。
本发明的检测器可以生成常规地通过PROX、BODY和OBJECT指代的以下逻辑信号:
考虑到这些标志而确定RF发射器的功率,并且特别地,将标志TABLE用作已经升高电容的物体是无生命的并且不需要降低功率的指示器。在可能的实现方式中,如果触发水平以图6中所表示的量级中,RF功率水平可以通过以下表格给出,所述表格覆盖PROX、OBJECT和BODY的所有可能组合。
其中是宽松地确定滤波窗口的宽度的可选参数。在典型的实现方式中,可以被包括在4和20之间。利用的仿真已经提供了在噪声降低和对小距离改变的敏感性二者中令人满意的结果。可以是滤波器中硬连线的预定值、可由主机系统设定的可编程量或动态值。
在步骤350和370中,将和的值与滤波器的输出的最后确定比较,并且如果发现低于最小值,或者大于窗口化样本中的最大值,将的新值分别设定成该最小值(步骤362)、最大值(步骤364)。如果没有满足步骤350和370,值部分高于并且部分低于,并且输出不从在先值改变(步骤366)。当产生的新的相继值时然后重复该循环(步骤305)。有知识的读者将领会到,的初始值不由这些递归步骤确定,而是可以以许多方式在滤波器被初始化时生成,例如通过将设定成等于,等于随机值,或简单地等于零。
图3表示本发明的非线性滤波器的仿真。线145是叠加有大量白噪声的仿真信号(矩形脉冲)的图线。线149标绘了在利用线性滤波器进行处理之后的相同信号:具有窗口长度 的滑动平均滤波器。线147最后示出同样具有窗口长度的本发明的滤波器的输出。将领会到,线性滤波器和本发明的滤波器二者使得信号脱离噪声,但是信号147的变化性大幅低于线性滤波器149的变化性。
在回想到线性滤波器的输出的标准偏差仅关于窗口长度(或通带宽度)的平方根而减小的情况下来对此进行解释。本发明的滤波器布置成强烈降低由于统计学波动而引起的输出改变的概率。以包括具有叠加的噪声的恒定值的输入为例,并且假定给定时刻,输出完美地以的无噪声值为中心,则只有如果个接连输入样本位于中心值的相同侧上,相继输出值才将改变;改变的概率则为。
本发明的滤波器的特性在于,小的短暂改变可以不产生对输出的影响,而线性滤波器的输出将已经改变,然而很少。这可以被视为一些应用中的缺陷,尽管包括被噪声淹没的微小信号的线性滤波器的输出在实践中可能没有用。
本发明的滤波器的优点在于,其提供了简单算法中的噪声波动的强烈降低。当该滤波器被应用于图1的接近度检测器时,其相对简单地找到针对区分器50的阈值,区分器50提供可靠的接近触发,具有错误信号的最小值。这在简单平均的情况下将更难。为了实现相同的结果,线性平均滤波器应当增加并且拉长窗口的延伸。然而,该措施将增加计算负担,并且减小带宽,因而降低对快速瞬变的灵敏度。
在图1的接近度检测器的框架中,本发明的非线性滤波处理器可以完全取代低通滤波器块30或在之前或之后与线性数字滤波器组合使用。其可以被插入到基线校正单元40、60前面,如所表示的,或者还在其之后。
图4标绘了噪声降低与样本数目的关系,假设输入R包括具有叠加的噪声的恒定值。将噪声绘制为输出信号的标准偏差。受访者(addressee)将领会到,在本发明的非线性滤波器430中,σ比在平均滤波器410中减小得更快,其遵循定律。
其中a指代0和1之间的预先定义的系数。
根据另一变型,滤波器可以比较输入信号中的平均改变与测量的预期分布,并且只有当平均改变大于预期分布的预定分数因而明显时更新输出值。
使用在图中的参考数字
20 电极
23 模拟处理器
25 A/D转换器
30 滤波器
40 差值
50 区分器
60 基线估计器
90 接收器
105 新样本U(n)
120 变型的估计
122 测试是否接近
130 对照下阈值和上阈值测试变化
135 对照无效阈值进行测试
140 冻结变化
145 仿真信号
147 滤波器输出
149 线性滤波器的输出
160 更新基线估计
170 对照U(n)测试A(n)
180 限制(cap)A(n)
305 新的R(x)值
320 计算和维护最大和最小值
350 对照min(k)测试滤波器输出
362 设定到最小值
364 设定到最大值
366 拷贝在先值
370 对照max(k)测试滤波器输出
410 平均器的标准偏差
430 本发明的滤波器的标准偏差
630 身体的逼近
650 非动物对象的逼近。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于便携式被连接设备的接近度传感器,所述接近度传感器包括非线性滤波器,所述非线性滤波器被配置成接收输入信号的新样本并产生具有减小的噪声的输出值,其中所述滤波器被配置成选择所述输入信号的在前样本的预定时间窗口,计算所述时间窗口的最小值和所述时间窗口的最大值,当所述最小值高于所述输出值或所述最大值低于所述输出值时更新所述输出值,否则重复所述输出值。
2.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,其中所述滤波器布置成:当所述最小值高于所述输出值时将所述输出值更新成所述最小值;以及当所述最大值低于所述输出值时将所述输出值更新成所述最大值。
3.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,其中所述滤波器布置成:当所述最小值高于所述输出值时朝向所述最小值偏移所述输出值;以及当所述最大值低于所述输出值时朝向所述最大值偏移所述输出值。
4.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,所述滤波器布置成将所述输入信号中的平均改变与测量的预期分布相比较,并且只有当所述平均改变大于所述预期分布的预定分数时更新所述输出值。
5.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,包括线性低通滤波器。
6.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,包括基线校正单元和区分器。
7.权利要求1所述的接近度传感器,是布置成基于感测电极的电容而确定用户是否接近于便携式被连接设备的电容式接近度传感器。
8.一种便携式被连接设备,包括电容式接近度传感器,所述电容式接近度传感器布置成基于感测电极的电容而确定用户是否接近于便携式被连接设备,所述接近度传感器包括非线性滤波器,所述非线性滤波器被配置成接收输入信号的新样本并产生具有减小的噪声的输出值,其中所述滤波器被配置成选择所述输入信号的在前样本的预定时间窗口,计算所述时间窗口的最小值和所述时间窗口的最大值,当所述最小值高于所述输出值或所述最大值低于所述输出值时更新所述输出值,否则重复所述输出值,被连接设备在操作上布置成基于用户与便携式被连接设备的接近度而适配无线电发射器的RF功率。
9.权利要求8所述的便携式被连接设备,其中感测电极同样是无线电波的发射器。
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