CN108917545B - Multifunctional measuring unit and measuring method for variable-diameter deep hole detection system - Google Patents
Multifunctional measuring unit and measuring method for variable-diameter deep hole detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108917545B CN108917545B CN201811090965.9A CN201811090965A CN108917545B CN 108917545 B CN108917545 B CN 108917545B CN 201811090965 A CN201811090965 A CN 201811090965A CN 108917545 B CN108917545 B CN 108917545B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B5/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional measuring unit and a measuring method for a variable-diameter deep hole detection system. And the following support module supports the measuring module in the measured diameter-variable deep hole, and the measuring module simultaneously completes the display and measurement of the circle center and the inner diameter of the diameter-variable deep hole. The invention adopts the self-adaptive measuring module and the following supporting module, and can obviously improve the operation precision and efficiency of the variable-diameter deep hole detection system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a multifunctional measuring unit, in particular relates to a multifunctional measuring unit and a multifunctional measuring method for a variable-diameter deep hole detection system, and belongs to the technical field of deep hole detection equipment.
Background
With the increasing wide application of large and ultra-large parts in modern aircraft, ships, large precision instruments and other products, the measurement of deep holes or ultra-deep hole parts with the hole depth to aperture ratio of more than 5 is more and more frequent. In order to improve the precision and efficiency of deep hole or ultra-deep hole part measurement, a deep hole automatic measurement system based on an autonomous travelling mechanism appears. As an important component of the deep hole automatic measurement system, the detection precision, the detection efficiency and the adaptability of the measurement unit are particularly important. At present, the measuring unit of the deep hole automatic measuring system has single function and is mainly suitable for detecting the deep holes with equal diameters.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the existing deep hole inner diameter measuring system is single in measuring index and low in measuring efficiency and is difficult to adapt to occasions with large deep hole inner diameter change, the invention provides a multifunctional measuring unit for a variable-diameter deep hole detecting system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multifunctional measuring unit for a variable-diameter deep hole detection system comprises a centering shaft, a measuring module and a following supporting module, wherein the measuring module and the following supporting module are installed on the centering shaft;
the following support module comprises a cylinder barrel, a conical piston I and a conical piston II are sleeved on a centering shaft in the cylinder barrel, the small ends of the conical piston I and the conical piston II face towards two cylinder openings of the cylinder barrel respectively, a cylinder cover I is arranged at the cylinder opening close to the conical piston I through a rolling bearing III, a cylinder cover II is arranged at the cylinder opening close to the conical piston II through a rolling bearing IV, and an air inlet is formed in a cylinder body between the conical piston I and the conical piston II; a first pressure spring is sleeved on the centering shaft between the conical piston I and the cylinder cover I, a second pressure spring is sleeved on the centering shaft between the cylinder cover II and the conical piston II, and characteristic parameters of the first pressure spring and the second pressure spring are the same; the conical piston I and the conical piston II are provided with a T-shaped chute II along the direction of the conical surface generatrix, one end of a supporting rod is slidably arranged in the T-shaped chute II through a pin shaft, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the supporting rod II through a sliding pair; the two ends of the supporting rod are connected with rigid idler wheels; a second pressure sensor is arranged between the rigid roller and the second support rod; one end of the cylinder cover II, which is far away from the cylinder barrel, is provided with a rear connecting barrel which extends towards the length direction of the cylinder barrel, and a supporting barrel is sleeved in the rear connecting barrel in a rotating way;
the measuring module comprises a supporting cylinder, a rotary table and a fixed disc are sleeved on a centering shaft from outside to inside at a cylinder opening of the supporting cylinder, a first through hole is formed in the center of the fixed disc, a second rolling bearing is arranged in the first through hole, an extension shaft of the rotary table penetrates through the second rolling bearing and extends into the supporting cylinder, a first driven gear is sleeved at the extension end, and the first driven gear is meshed with a first driving gear arranged on an output shaft of a driving motor; the first driving motor and the encoder are arranged on a first fixed support of the end face of the fixed disc, and a sliding bearing is arranged between the first fixed support and the centering shaft; the rolling bearing II is sealed in the through hole I by the bearing end cover I; a laser emitter is coaxially connected to a centering shaft positioned at the turntable;
the end surface of the fixed disc, which is close to the turntable, is circumferentially provided with a radial T-shaped chute, and a radial sliding block is arranged in the T-shaped chute; the turntable is provided with a kidney-shaped groove penetrating through the thickness of the turntable surface, two ends of the kidney-shaped groove are positioned on circles with two different diameters, a bearing shaft is arranged in the kidney-shaped groove through a first rolling bearing, one end of the bearing shaft is connected with a radial sliding block, the other end of the bearing shaft is connected with a measuring head seat along the radius direction of the turntable, the measuring head seat is connected with a measuring head along the radius direction of the turntable, and a first pressure sensor is arranged between the measuring head and the measuring head seat.
Preferably, in order to reduce the weight of the whole device, the centers of the first conical piston and the second conical piston are respectively provided with a horn-shaped lightening hole, the small end of the first conical piston lightening hole is provided with a first isolation cover, and the small end of the second conical piston lightening hole is provided with a second isolation cover; the first pressure spring is arranged on the centering shaft between the first cylinder cover and the first isolation cover, and the second pressure spring is arranged on the centering shaft between the second cylinder cover and the second isolation cover.
Preferably, the sliding pair connection structure between the first support rod and the second support rod is as follows: the first support rod is provided with an open slot, the third drive motor is clamped in the open slot, the output shaft of the third drive motor is coaxially connected with a screw rod, the screw rod is sleeved in the second support rod and connected with the second support rod through a screw rod thread pair, and when the third drive motor rotates with the screw rod, the second support rod slides relative to the first support rod.
Preferably, in order to further reduce the weight of the whole device, a lightening hole is formed in one end face, connected with the cylinder barrel, of the second cylinder cover, a second driving motor is arranged on the end face, an output shaft of the second driving motor penetrates through the second cylinder cover to be connected with a second driving gear in a rotating mode, and the second driving gear is meshed with a driven gear sleeved on the centering shaft.
As a preferred embodiment, three trisected T-shaped sliding grooves II are formed in the first conical piston and the second conical piston along the direction of a conical surface generatrix, and a first supporting rod is arranged in each T-shaped sliding groove II; three trisection radial T-shaped sliding grooves are formed in the fixed disc, radial sliding blocks are arranged in each T-shaped sliding groove, three uniformly distributed kidney-shaped grooves are formed in the rotary disc, and bearing shafts are arranged in each kidney-shaped groove.
A method for detecting a variable-diameter deep hole comprises the following steps:
1) Before measurement, firstly, a measuring head with proper length is selected according to the size of the inner diameter of a variable-diameter deep hole of a measured workpiece, and is connected with a measuring head seat through a second pressure sensor by adopting threads, so that the calibration work of the multifunctional measuring unit is completed, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
a) Controlling a driving motor I to rotate positively, driving a turntable to rotate around a fixed disk through a driving gear I and a driven gear I, driving a measuring head to move to the innermost side along the radius direction of the fixed disk by a radial sliding block through a bearing shaft and a measuring head seat under the joint constraint of a radial T-shaped sliding groove and a kidney-shaped groove, measuring the minimum aperture value phi min corresponding to the three measuring heads at the moment by an auxiliary measuring tool and a pressure sensor I, and taking the position of the turntable at the moment as the initial position of the encoder;
b) Controlling a driving motor I to reversely rotate, driving a turntable to rotate around a fixed disk through a driving gear I and a driven gear I, driving a measuring head to move to the outermost side along the radius direction of the fixed disk by a radial sliding block through a bearing shaft and a measuring head seat under the joint constraint of a radial T-shaped sliding groove and a kidney-shaped groove, measuring the maximum aperture value phi max corresponding to the three measuring heads at the moment by an auxiliary measuring tool and a pressure sensor, and calculating the rotation angle alpha max of the turntable at the moment according to the count value of an encoder;
c) When the driving motor I is controlled, the rolling bearing I is positioned at a certain middle position of the kidney-shaped groove through the fixed disc, the rotary disc, the radial sliding block and the bearing shaft 5, and the measured diameter of the measuring head can be calculated according to the counting of the encoder to obtain the instantaneous rotation angle alpha, and the phi min, the phi max and the alpha max;
2) During measurement, under the support of the following support module, the measurement module is used for completing the display and measurement of the circle center and the inner diameter of the position to be measured of the deep hole, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
a) Injecting pressure gas into the cylinder barrel through the air inlet of the follow-up support module, wherein the pressure gas pushes the conical piston to move in the direction of compressing the first pressure spring, and pushes the conical piston to move in the direction of compressing the second pressure spring, so that the first support rod slides in the second T-shaped chute, and the first support rod extends out of the cylinder barrel; placing the following support module and the measuring module in the measured variable-diameter deep hole together, and continuously injecting pressure gas into the cylinder barrel to enable the rigid roller to be attached to the inner wall of the measured variable-diameter deep hole; when the diameter of the deep hole is not changed greatly, the radial position of the rigid roller is adjusted by utilizing the gas change in the pressure in the cylinder barrel; when the diameter change of the deep hole is large, namely, the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor II between the support rod I and the support rod II is smaller than a set value, starting the motor III, and adjusting the radial positions of the rigid rollers through the screw rod and the support rod II, so that the rigid rollers on the conical piston I and the conical piston II are always supported on the inner wall of the measured deep hole;
b) Under the support of the first support rod, the second support rod and the rigid roller of the follow-up support module, the centering shaft is positioned at the axial center position of the measured variable-diameter deep hole, and the laser transmitter arranged on the centering shaft projects the center position of the measuring position;
c) According to the measured value sensed by the first pressure sensor of the measuring module, if the measured value is equal to a set value, the first driving motor is kept motionless; if the measured value is smaller than the set value, driving the motor to rotate positively, otherwise driving the motor to rotate reversely; the measuring head is driven to operate to the corresponding position through the fixed disc, the rotary disc, the radial sliding block and the bearing shaft, the diameter measured by the measuring head at the moment is recorded, the instantaneous rotation angle alpha is calculated according to the counting of the encoder, and the inner diameter size of the measuring position is calculated by combining the phi min, the phi max and the alpha;
d) If the inner diameters of holes at different positions on the same section are required to be measured, starting a driving motor II, driving a measuring module to rotate in the current section through a driving gear II, a driven gear II and a centering shaft, rotating a measuring head to the corresponding position to be measured, and then completing the measurement of the inner diameter according to the step c).
The invention has the following effects:
1. the following support module adopts two methods of pressure gas and a screw pair, so that the self-adaptive capacity of the support rod I and the support rod II to the variable-diameter deep hole is greatly improved;
2. the measurement module has a self-centering function through the arrangement of the fixed disc and the rotary disc;
3. by adopting electromechanical transmission and sensing detection technology, the measuring head has a self-adaptive function.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a structure of a stator;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a turntable structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the attachment of the first and second links.
Detailed Description
The structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the multifunctional measuring unit for a variable diameter deep hole detection system disclosed by the invention comprises a centering shaft 2021, a measuring module 2 mounted on the centering shaft 2021 and a follower supporting module 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the measurement module 2 includes a support cylinder 2001, a fixed disk 2002, a turntable 2003, a probe holder 2007, a probe 2008, and a laser emitter 1; the supporting cylinder 2001 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the centering shaft 2021 and the fixed disk 2002 through the cylinder bottom and the cylinder opening respectively; the center of the fixed disk 2002 is provided with a through hole 2002-1, a group of trisected radial T-shaped sliding grooves 2002-2 are formed in the circumferential direction of the fixed disk 2002, and radial sliding blocks 2004 are arranged in the T-shaped sliding grooves 2002-2, as shown in fig. 3;
the rotary plate 2003 is arranged on one side of the fixed plate 2002 far away from the supporting cylinder 2001, the extending shaft 2003-1 of the rotary plate passes through the rolling bearing II 2009 and the driven gear I2011 in the through hole I2002-1 in sequence, three uniformly distributed kidney-shaped grooves 2003-2 are also formed in the end face of the thick end of the rotary plate 2003, the bearing shaft 2005 is arranged in each kidney-shaped groove, and two ends of each kidney-shaped groove are positioned on two circles with different diameters, as shown in fig. 4; one end of a rolling bearing II 2009 is connected with the end face of the fixed disc 2002 through a bearing end cover 2010; the driven gear one 2011 is meshed with a driving gear one 2012 arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor one 2013; a first driving motor 2013 and an encoder 2014 are arranged on a first fixed bracket 2015 on the end surface of the fixed disc 2002, and a sliding bearing 2016 is arranged between the first fixed bracket 2015 and the centering shaft 2021; one end of a measuring head seat 2007 is fixedly connected with a bearing shaft 2005 in the circumferential direction, the other end of the measuring head seat 2007 is coaxially connected with a measuring head 2008 arranged along the radial direction of a turntable 2003 through a screw pair, and a first pressure sensor is arranged between the measuring head 2008 and the measuring head seat 2007; one end of a bearing shaft 2005 arranged in the kidney-shaped groove 2003-1 and connected with a measuring head seat 2007 is sleeved with a rolling bearing 2006, and the other end is fixedly connected with a radial sliding block 2004 arranged in a radial T-shaped sliding groove 2002-2; the laser transmitter 1 is coaxially mounted at the end of the centering shaft 2021 near the gauge head 2008.
As shown in fig. 2, the follower support module 3 includes a cylinder 3001, a first conical piston 3002, a second conical piston 3003, a first cylinder cover 3004, a second cylinder cover 3005, a first compression spring 3008, a second compression spring 3009, a first support rod 3010, and a second support rod 3011; two ends of the cylinder 3001 are respectively connected with a first cylinder cover 3004 and a second cylinder cover 3005, and a first conical piston 3002 and a second conical piston 3003 are sequentially arranged in the cylinder 3001; the first cylinder cover 3004 and the second cylinder cover 3005 are respectively connected with the centering shaft 2021 through the third 3015 and the fourth 3014 roller bearings, one end of the second cylinder cover 3005, which is far away from the cylinder 3001, is provided with a rear connecting cylinder, and the rear connecting cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the outer circle of the supporting cylinder 2001; a group of trisection T-shaped sliding grooves II are formed in the conical piston I3002 and the conical piston II 3003 along the direction of a conical surface generatrix, a horn-shaped lightening hole is formed in the centers of the conical piston I3002 and the conical piston II 3003, a first insulating cover 3006 is arranged at the small end of the lightening hole of the conical piston I3002, and a second insulating cover 3007 is arranged at the small end of the lightening hole of the conical piston II 3003; the first pressure spring 3008 is arranged between the first cylinder cover 3004 and the first isolation cover 3006; the second pressure spring 3009 is arranged between the second cylinder cover 3005 and the second isolation cover 3007, and the characteristic parameters of the first pressure spring 3008 and the characteristic parameters of the second pressure spring 3009 are the same; one end of a first supporting rod 3010 is slidably arranged in a second T-shaped chute through a pin shaft 3013, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with a second supporting rod 3011 through a sliding pair; the end of the second supporting rod 3011 is connected with a rigid roller 3012; a second pressure sensor is arranged between the rigid roller 3012 and the second support rod 3011;
as shown in fig. 5, the first support rod 3010 has an open slot, the third drive motor 3016 is clamped in the open slot, the output shaft of the third drive motor is coaxially connected with a screw rod 3017, the screw rod 3017 is sleeved in the second support rod 3011 and connected with the second support rod by a screw rod thread pair, and when the third drive motor rotates with the screw rod, the second support rod 3011 slides relative to the first support rod.
In addition, a second driving motor 2019 mounted on the second cylinder cover 3005 has an output shaft rotatably connected to the second driving gear 2017 through the second cylinder cover 3005, and the second driving gear 2017 is meshed with a second driven gear 2018 sleeved on the centering shaft 2021.
A method for detecting a variable-diameter deep hole comprises the following steps:
3) Before measurement, firstly, a measuring head 2008 with a proper length is selected according to the size of the inner diameter of a variable-diameter deep hole of a measured workpiece, and is connected with a measuring head seat 2007 through a second pressure sensor by adopting threads, so that the calibration work of the multifunctional measuring unit is completed, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
d) The driving motor 2013 is controlled to rotate positively, the turntable 2003 is driven to rotate around the fixed disk 2002 through the driving gear 2012 and the driven gear 2011, under the constraint of the radial T-shaped chute 2002-2 and the kidney-shaped chute 2003-1, the radial sliding block 2004 drives the measuring head 2008 to move to the innermost side along the radial direction of the fixed disk 2002 through the bearing shaft 2005 and the measuring head seat 2007, and the minimum aperture value phi corresponding to the three measuring heads 2008 at the moment is measured by means of the auxiliary measuring tool and the pressure sensor I min And takes the position of the turntable 2003 at this time as the initial position of the encoder 2014 count;
e) The driving motor 2013 is controlled to rotate reversely, the turntable 2003 is driven to rotate around the fixed disk 2002 through the driving gear 2012 and the driven gear 2011, under the common constraint of the radial T-shaped chute 2002-2 and the kidney-shaped chute 2003-1, the radial sliding block 2004 drives the measuring head 2008 to move to the outermost side along the radial direction of the fixed disk 2002 through the bearing shaft 2005 and the measuring head seat 2007, and the maximum aperture value phi corresponding to the three measuring heads 2008 at the moment is measured by the auxiliary measuring tool and the pressure sensor max From the count value of the encoder 2014, the rotation angle α of the turntable 2003 at this time is calculated max ；
f) When the driving motor one 2013 is controlled, the rolling bearing one 2006 is positioned at a certain middle position of the kidney-shaped groove 2003-1 through the fixed disk 2002, the rotary disk 2003, the radial slide block 2004 and the bearing shaft 2005, and the measured diameter of the measuring head 2008 can calculate the instantaneous rotation angle alpha according to the count of the encoder 2014 ＊ And phi as described above min 、Φ max And alpha max Calculating to obtain;
4) During measurement, under the support of the following support module 3, the measurement module 2 is used for completing the display and measurement of the circle center and the inner diameter of the position to be measured of the deep hole, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
e) Injecting pressure gas into the cylinder 3001 through the air inlet 3001-1 of the follower support module 3, wherein the pressure gas pushes the first conical piston 3002 to move in the direction of compressing the first pressure spring 3008, and pushes the second conical piston 3003 to move in the direction of compressing the second pressure spring 3009, so that the first supporting rod 3010 slides in the second T-shaped chute, and the first supporting rod extends out of the cylinder 3001; placing the follower support module 3 and the measuring module 2 together in the measured variable-diameter deep hole, and continuously injecting pressure gas into the cylinder 3001 to enable the rigid roller 3012 to be attached to the inner wall of the measured variable-diameter deep hole; when the diameter of the deep hole is not changed greatly, the radial position of the rigid roller 3012 is adjusted by using the pressure gas change in the cylinder 3001; when the diameter of the deep hole is greatly changed, namely, when the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor II between the support rod I3010 and the support rod II 3011 is smaller than a set value, the motor III 3016 is started, the radial positions of the rigid rollers 3012 are adjusted through the lead screw 3017 and the support rod II 3011, and finally the rigid rollers 3012 on the conical piston I3002 and the conical piston II 3003 are always supported on the inner wall of the deep hole to be measured.
f) Under the support of the first support rod 3010, the second support rod 3011 and the rigid roller 3012 of the follower support module 3, the centering shaft 2021 is positioned at the axial center position of the measured diameter-variable deep hole, and the laser emitter arranged on the centering shaft projects the center position of the measuring position.
g) According to the measured value sensed by the first pressure sensor of the measuring module 2, if the measured value is equal to the set value, the first driving motor 2013 is kept still; if the measured value is smaller than the set value, driving the motor one 2013 to rotate positively, otherwise driving the motor one 2013 to rotate reversely; through the fixed disk 2002, the rotary disk 2003, the radial slide block 2004 and the bearing shaft 2005, the measuring head 2008 is driven to operate to the corresponding position, the diameter measured by the measuring head 2008 at the moment is recorded, and the instantaneous rotation angle alpha can be calculated according to the count of the encoder 2014 ＊ In combination with the above phi min 、Φ max And alpha, calculating the inner diameter size of the measuring position.
h) If the inner diameters of holes at different positions on the same section are required to be measured, a driving motor II 2019 is started, a measuring module 2 is driven to rotate in the current section through a driving gear II 2018, a driven gear II 2017 and a centering shaft, a measuring head 2008 is screwed to the corresponding position to be measured, and then the inner diameter measurement is completed according to the step c).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the multifunctional measuring unit for a variable diameter deep hole inspection system according to the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this example.
The present invention is not specifically described in the prior art or may be implemented by the prior art, and the specific embodiments described in the present invention are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent changes and modifications of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-functional measurement unit for variable diameter deep hole detecting system, its characterized in that: comprises a centering shaft (2021), a measuring module (2) and a follower supporting module (3) which are arranged on the centering shaft (2021);
the following support module (3) comprises a cylinder barrel (3001), a conical piston I (3002) and a conical piston II (3003) are sleeved on a centering shaft (2021) in the cylinder barrel (3001), the small ends of the conical piston I (3002) and the conical piston II (3003) face towards two cylinder openings of the cylinder barrel (3001) respectively, a cylinder cover I (3004) is arranged on the cylinder opening close to the conical piston I (3002) through a rolling bearing III (3015), a cylinder cover II (3005) is arranged on the cylinder opening close to the conical piston II (3003) through a rolling bearing IV (3014), and an air inlet (3001-1) is formed in a cylinder body between the conical piston I (3002) and the conical piston II (3003); a first pressure spring (3008) is sleeved on the centering shaft (2021) between the conical piston I (3002) and the cylinder cover I (3004), a second pressure spring (3009) is sleeved on the centering shaft (2021) between the cylinder cover II (3005) and the conical piston II (3003), and characteristic parameters of the first pressure spring (3008) and the second pressure spring (3009) are the same; the conical piston I (3002) and the conical piston II (3003) are provided with a T-shaped chute II along the direction of a conical surface bus, one end of a supporting rod I (3010) is slidably arranged in the T-shaped chute II through a pin shaft (3013), and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the supporting rod II (3011) through a sliding pair; the end of the second supporting rod (3011) is connected with a rigid roller (3012); a second pressure sensor is arranged between the rigid roller (3012) and the second support rod (3011); one end of the second cylinder cover (3005) far away from the cylinder barrel (3001) is provided with a rear connecting barrel extending towards the length direction of the cylinder barrel (3001), and a supporting barrel (2001) is sleeved in the rear connecting barrel in a rotating way;
the measuring module (2) comprises a supporting cylinder (2001), a rotary table (2003) and a fixed disc (2002) are sleeved on a centering shaft (2021) from outside to inside at a cylinder opening of the supporting cylinder (2001), a first through hole (2002-1) is formed in the center of the fixed disc (2002), a second rolling bearing (2009) is arranged in the first through hole (2002-1), an extending shaft (2003-1) of the rotary table (2003) penetrates through the second rolling bearing (2009) and extends into the supporting cylinder (2001), a driven gear I (2011) is sleeved at the extending end of the extending shaft, and the driven gear I (2011) is meshed with a driving gear I (2012) arranged on an output shaft of a driving motor I (2013); the first driving motor (2013) and the encoder (2014) are arranged on a first fixed bracket (2015) on the end surface of the fixed disc (2002), and a sliding bearing (2016) is arranged between the first fixed bracket (2015) and the centering shaft (2021); a second rolling bearing (2009) is sealed in the first through hole (2002-1) by the first bearing end cover (2010); a laser emitter (1) is coaxially connected to a centering shaft (2021) positioned at the turntable (2003);
a radial T-shaped chute (2002-2) is formed in the circumferential direction of the end surface of the fixed disc (2002) close to the rotary disc (2003), and a radial sliding block (2004) is arranged in the T-shaped chute (2002-2); a kidney-shaped groove (2003-2) penetrating through the thickness of the disc surface of the turntable (2003) is formed in the turntable (2003), two ends of the kidney-shaped groove (2003-2) are positioned on two circles with different diameters, a bearing shaft (2005) is arranged in the kidney-shaped groove (2003-2) through a first rolling bearing (2006), one end of the bearing shaft (2005) is connected with a radial sliding block (2004), the other end of the bearing shaft is connected with a measuring head seat (2007) along the radial direction of the turntable (2003), a measuring head (2008) is connected on the measuring head seat (2007) along the radial direction of the turntable (2003), and a first pressure sensor is arranged between the measuring head (2008) and the measuring head seat (2007);
the centers of the conical piston I (3002) and the conical piston II (3003) are respectively provided with a horn-shaped lightening hole, the small end of the lightening hole of the conical piston I (3002) is provided with a first isolation cover (3006), and the small end of the lightening hole of the conical piston II (3003) is provided with a second isolation cover (3007); the first pressure spring (3008) is arranged on the centering shaft (2021) between the first cylinder cover (3004) and the first isolation cover (3006), and the second pressure spring (3009) is arranged on the centering shaft (2021) between the second cylinder cover (3005) and the second isolation cover (3007);
the first supporting rod (3010) is provided with an open slot, the third driving motor (3016) is clamped in the open slot, a lead screw (3017) is coaxially connected to an output shaft of the third driving motor (3016), the lead screw (3017) is sleeved in the second supporting rod (3011) and connected with the second supporting rod (3011) through a lead screw (3017) thread pair, and when the third driving motor (3016) rotates with the lead screw (3017), the second supporting rod (3011) slides relative to the first supporting rod (3010);
a lightening hole is formed in one end face, connected with the cylinder barrel (3001), of the second cylinder cover (3005), a second driving motor (2019) is arranged on the end face, an output shaft of the second driving motor (2019) penetrates through the second cylinder cover (3005) in a rotating mode to be connected with a second driving gear (2017), and the second driving gear (2017) is meshed with a second driven gear (2018) sleeved on the centering shaft (2021).
2. The multifunctional measuring unit for a variable diameter deep hole inspection system according to claim 1, wherein: three trisected T-shaped sliding grooves II are formed in the first conical piston (3002) and the second conical piston (3003) along the direction of the conical surface generating line, and a first supporting rod (3010) is arranged in each T-shaped sliding groove II; three trisection radial T-shaped sliding grooves (2002-2) are formed in the fixed disc (2002), radial sliding blocks (2004) are arranged in each T-shaped sliding groove (2002-2), three uniformly distributed kidney-shaped grooves (2003-2) are formed in the rotary disc (2003), and bearing shafts (2005) are arranged in each kidney-shaped groove (2003-2).
3. A method for detecting a variable-diameter deep hole is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a multifunctional measuring unit for a variable diameter deep hole inspection system according to claim 2, the method comprising:
1) Before measurement, firstly, a measuring head (2008) with a proper length is selected according to the size of the inner diameter of a variable-diameter deep hole of a measured workpiece, and is connected with a measuring head seat (2007) through a second pressure sensor by adopting threads, so that the calibration work of the multifunctional measuring unit is completed, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
a) Controlling a driving motor I (2013) to positively rotate, driving a turntable (2003) to rotate around a fixed disc (2002) through a driving gear I (2012) and a driven gear I (2011), driving a measuring head (2008) to move to the innermost side along the radial direction of the fixed disc (2002) through a bearing shaft (2005) and a measuring head seat (2007) under the common constraint of a radial T-shaped sliding groove (2002-2) and a waist-shaped groove (2003-2), measuring the minimum aperture value phi min corresponding to the three measuring heads (2008) at the moment by means of an auxiliary measuring tool and a pressure sensor I, and taking the position of the turntable (2003) at the moment as the initial position of the counting of an encoder (2014);
b) Controlling a driving motor I (2013) to reversely rotate, driving a turntable (2003) to rotate around a fixed disc (2002) through a driving gear I (2012) and a driven gear I (2011), under the joint constraint of a radial T-shaped sliding groove (2002-2) and a kidney-shaped groove (2003-2), driving a measuring head (2008) to move to the outermost side along the radial direction of the fixed disc (2002) through a bearing shaft (2005) and a measuring head seat (2007), measuring the maximum aperture value phi max corresponding to the three measuring heads (2008) at the moment by an auxiliary measuring tool and a pressure sensor, and calculating the rotation angle alpha max of the turntable (2003) at the moment according to the count value of an encoder (2014);
c) When the driving motor I (2013) is controlled, the rolling bearing I (2006) is positioned at a certain middle position of the kidney-shaped groove (2003-2) through the fixed disc (2002), the rotary disc (2003), the radial sliding block (2004) and the bearing shaft (2005), and the measured diameter of the measuring head (2008) can calculate the instantaneous rotation angle alpha according to the counting of the encoder (2014) ＊ And the phi min, phi max and alpha max are calculated;
2) During measurement, under the support of the following support module (3), the measurement module (2) is used for completing the display and measurement of the circle center and the inner diameter of the deep hole to be measured, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
a) Injecting pressure gas into the cylinder barrel (3001) through the air inlet (3001-1) of the follow-up support module (3), wherein the pressure gas pushes the conical piston I (3002) to move in the direction of compressing the first pressure spring (3008), and pushes the conical piston II (3003) to move in the direction of compressing the second pressure spring (3009), so that the support rod I (3010) slides in the T-shaped slide groove II, and the support rod I (3010) extends out of the cylinder barrel (3001); the following support module (3) and the measuring module (2) are placed in a measured variable-diameter deep hole together, and pressure gas is continuously injected into the cylinder barrel (3001) to enable the rigid roller (3012) to be attached to the inner wall of the measured variable-diameter deep hole; when the diameter of the deep hole is not changed greatly, the radial position of the rigid roller (3012) is adjusted by utilizing the pressure gas change in the cylinder barrel (3001); when the diameter change of the deep hole is large, namely, when the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor II between the support rod I (3010) and the support rod II (3011) is smaller than a set value, starting the motor III, and adjusting the radial positions of the rigid rollers (3012) through the screw rod (3017) and the support rod II (3011), so that the rigid rollers (3012) on the conical piston I (3002) and the conical piston II (3003) are always supported on the inner wall of the deep hole to be measured;
b) Under the support of a first support rod (3010), a second support rod (3011) and a rigid roller (3012) of the follow-up support module (3), a centering shaft (2021) is positioned at the axial center position of a measured variable-diameter deep hole, and a laser emitter (1) arranged on the centering shaft (2021) projects out of the center position of a measuring position;
c) According to the measured value sensed by the first pressure sensor of the measuring module (2), if the measured value is equal to a set value, the first driving motor (2013) is kept still; if the measured value is smaller than the set value, driving the first motor (2013) to rotate positively, otherwise driving the first motor (2013) to rotate reversely; the measuring head (2008) is driven to move to the corresponding position by the fixed disk (2002), the rotary disk (2003), the radial sliding block (2004) and the bearing shaft (2005),the instantaneous rotation angle alpha can be calculated according to the count of the encoder (2014) by recording the diameter measured by the measuring head (2008) ＊ Calculating the inner diameter size of the measuring position by combining the phi min, the phi max and the alpha;
d) If the inner diameters of holes at different positions on the same section are required to be measured, a driving motor II (2019) is started, a measuring module (2) is driven to rotate in the current section through a driving gear II (2017), a driven gear II (2018) and a centering shaft (2021), a measuring head (2008) is rotated to the corresponding position to be measured, and then the inner diameter measurement is completed according to the step c).
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| CN112880616B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2023-03-21 | 刘芳 | Pile hole aperture detection device for engineering management and control method thereof |
| CN115420174A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2022-12-02 | 山东乐普矿用设备股份有限公司 | Intelligent measuring device for inner diameter of hydraulic cylinder of heading machine |
| CN116989709B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-12 | 四川万圣通实业有限公司 | Pipe measuring device and system |
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