CN108915657A - The fracturing experiments method of shale silty sand oil-gas Layer - Google Patents
The fracturing experiments method of shale silty sand oil-gas Layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108915657A CN108915657A CN201810812087.0A CN201810812087A CN108915657A CN 108915657 A CN108915657 A CN 108915657A CN 201810812087 A CN201810812087 A CN 201810812087A CN 108915657 A CN108915657 A CN 108915657A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The present invention provides the fracturing experiments methods of shale silty sand oil-gas Layer, it is carried out in drying condition water merging container after choosing sample, the pressure system of simulated formation pressure is connect with container, and the well casing for injecting pressure break agent is penetrated in container insertion sample, prepare quantitative pressure break agent simultaneously, start the strata pressure environment that each pressure system simulation container is born, then is applied more than the pressure for covering pressure to pressure break agent by completing injection process after pressure break agent is fully injected into well casing injection sample；Drying operation is carried out to container, analyzes the state of pressure break agent in sample, obtains the practical frac in stratum involved in current experiment sample as a result, completing experimentation.The present invention on the ground selectively under same material sample, complete whole experiment process, the oil-bearing layer for not only demonstrating shale silty sand is able to carry out pressing crack construction, but also it can determine various parameters required for practical pressure break, support is provided for practical pressing crack construction, while achieving the purpose that reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geology fields, can carry out pressure break to Haiti shale silty sand oil-bearing layer rock sample more particularly to one kind
The frac method of state analysis.
Background technique
Due to the heterogeneity on stratum, oil-gas accumulation zone might not be connected with shaft bottom.It is formed by pressure break artificial
Crack can get up these solitary aggregation bands with shaft bottom connection, increase new fuel feeding area, linking up oil gas reservoir area is that pressure break increases
The major reason of production is a kind of a kind of stimulation technology for improving fluid fluid ability in oil-gas Layer.
Fracturing technology is in the rock sample type of hard using preferable.But for the shale silty sand of loose not skeleton structure
The current industry of the oil-gas Layer of composition generally believes can not be using fracturing technology, and also provides without any prior art at present
Example through using.
In addition, the oil-gas Layer that shale silty sand is constituted is normally under sea, even if implementing fracturing technique, across the sea
Current pressure break state can not be confirmed immediately, and long-time stop across the sea is needed just to be measured as a result, with high costs.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide one kind to carry out pressure break state analysis to Haiti shale silty sand oil-bearing layer rock sample
Frac method.
Particularly, the present invention provides the fracturing experiments method of shale silty sand oil-gas Layer, includes the following steps：
Step 100, sample is chosen, refinement of milling is carried out after drying, to guarantee the homogenieity of sample；
Step 200, it is placed in container after being watered stirring according to water content requirement to treated sample, then closing is held
The pressure system of simulated formation pressure is connect by device with container, and the well casing for injecting pressure break agent is penetrated in container insertion sample,
Prepare quantitative pressure break agent simultaneously；
Step 300, start the strata pressure environment that each pressure system simulation container is born；
Step 400, it then to pressure break agent is applied more than and covers the pressure of pressure by well casing injection sample, the pressure width of initial phase
Degree gradually rises and the constant speed after pressure stabilisation that is changed to presses, and pressure break agent enters the part water in sample after sample by container side
Injection pressure through-hole on wall squeezes out, and completes injection process after pressure break agent is fully injected into；
Step 500, each pressure system and well casing are removed, drying operation is carried out to container, again by sample after solidifying pressure break agent
Product are analyzed the state of pressure break agent in sample, are obtained the practical pressure break in stratum involved in current experiment sample point by taking out in container
Analysis is as a result, complete experimentation.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sample drying temperature in the step 100 is 70~80 degree, when drying
A length of to be greater than 70 hours, the grain diameter for including in sample is in 200~2000 micron ranges.
In an embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the pressure break agent and sample is 1/3~1/4：1.
In an embodiment of the invention, the amount of being watered in the sample and the rock sample of use are in actual formation
Moisture content is corresponding, and calculation is as follows：
If the sample quality for being full of water is m1, it is baked to obtain dry sample quality to be m2, the quality of water is m1-m2.It is now right
Quality is mdryDry-eye disease, then configure the quality m for the water that the sample of specified moisture content φ needswaterFor：
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 300, when simulated formation pressure environment, first injection simulation is radial
Simulation axial compressive force is reinjected after the back pressure to specified pressure of pressure covers pressure, covers pressure and is less than back pressure, finally reinjects pressure break agent
And injection pressure at least more than cover pressure；Or when pressure is covered in injection while injecting pressure break agent, when covering pressure and reaching requirement, continue to inject
Pressure break agent requires until meeting injection.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step 500, the temperature when container is dried is 60~70
Degree.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step 200, before being placed in sample, first in the inner sidewall of container
The metal screen of tubular is placed at place, then filter paper is fixed on strainer, then places sample again, the mesh number of the filter paper is to when young
In the sample particle of minimum particle size.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the step 400, when pressure system can not again inject pressure break agent
When in container, equally it is considered as injection process completion.
In an embodiment of the invention, the pressure system includes the back pressure system of radial pressure in simulated formation
System and simulated formation Axial Force cover pressure system, and pressure break agent is pressed into the pressure supply device in container.
In an embodiment of the invention, the back pressure system is by multiple injection pressures for being symmetricly set on container circumference
Channel injects pressure in container, and described to cover pressure system and cover pressure injection by the bottom of the container, the well casing is by the appearance
The top of device is inserted into the container, and the pressure supply device will be expelled to after pressure break agent indentation by lower end by the upper end of the well casing
In container.
In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the well casing is the 1/20~30 of the container diameter, described
Drainage hole on well casing for pressure break agent to be discharged is to pass through the axis of the well casing radially and split slot what end communicated,
The width for splitting slot is the 1/2~3 of the well casing diameter, highly 1.5~2 times for the well casing diameter；The well casing
Insertion position be overlapped with the axial line of the container.
In an embodiment of the invention, the both ends of the container are provided with external screw thread, are screwed with respectively by screw thread
Upper cover and lower cover, and it is separately installed with seal plug at the two-port of the container, in the seal plug far from the appearance
Device is provided with the connected unit outwardly protruded on one side, is provided with what the confession connected unit passed through in the upper cover and the lower lid
Through-hole is provided in the connected unit and axially penetrates through hole.
In an embodiment of the invention, the injection pressure through-hole is distributed and is provided with along the even circumferential of the container
The injection pressure lead to the hole site of multilayer, each layer is corresponding.
In an embodiment of the invention, fixed useful in one end that the injection pressure through-hole is located at the container outer wall
In the connector for connecting the injection pressure pipeline.
In an embodiment of the invention, every layer of injection pressure through-hole is provided with 8, is provided with 4 layers altogether and along institute
The test section for stating container is uniformly distributed；The inside of the connector is with internal screw thread and is fixed by welding in each injection pressure
Through hole.
In an embodiment of the invention, the injection pressure pipeline include have cross-shaped internal through slot adapter and
Three outlets of autonomous closure plug, the cross through slot of each adapter connect a connection by branch pipe respectively
Head, another interface pass through the pipeline connection that branch pipe is connected with the back pressure pump；The closing plug is used to close not using
The connector.
In an embodiment of the invention, after the pressure system is connect with the container, the pressure supply device is first
It is filled the water using the back pressure pipeline of the back pressure apparatus into container, to detect the leakproofness of back pressure pipeline and the container.
It in an embodiment of the invention, further include the sampler barrel of rock sample in the container after taking out experiment, it is described
Sampler barrel includes that diameter is less than the hollow cylinder that the inside diameter of vessel and outer wall can be contacted with the container inner wall, in the cylinder
It is provided on body convenient for controlling the handle of the cylinder movement.
In an embodiment of the invention, the lower end of the cylinder is zigzag, on the upper end side wall of the cylinder
It is symmetrically arranged with the through-hole for passing perpendicularly through axial line, the handle passes through after two through-holes with installation on the container.
In an embodiment of the invention, the lower end of the cylinder is zigzag, the upper end lateral wall of the cylinder
On be symmetrically fixed with fixing seat, the handle is two independent rhabodoids, and one end of two rhabodoids passes through axis respectively
Structure is connected in the corresponding fixing seat, and the rhabodoid after connection is using fixing seat as the axis of the relatively described cylinder of fulcrum
Line direction, which is realized, carrys out back rotation.
The present invention on the ground selectively under same rock sample sample, utilize the pressure environment of simulation underground shale silty sand
Device is made in pressure break agent injection sample by the adjustment to pressure, in the case where maintaining underground environment constant, is completed entire
Experimentation, it is available consistent as a result, not only demonstrating shale with practical subsurface fracture technique according to analysis of experimental results
The oil-bearing layer of silty sand is able to carry out pressing crack construction, but also can determine various parameters required for practical pressure break, for practical pressure
It splits construction and support is provided, while achieving the purpose that reduce cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the fracturing experiments method of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the experimental provision structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the container schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of drainage hole on the well casing of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the sampler barrel structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is another sampler barrel structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the fracturing experiments method of the shale silty sand oil-gas Layer of one embodiment of the invention generally includes
Following steps：
Step 100, sample is chosen, refinement of milling is carried out after drying, to guarantee the homogenieity of sample；
Sample selects material corresponding with corresponding stratum silty silt, first dries sample at 70~80 degree of temperature or so
Dry, to remove moisture content therein, drying time period can be greater than 70 hours, and accurate sample can be simulated after being watered in order to the later period
Product.Finally the sample after drying is ground, makes the partial size of the shale silty sand particle in sample by 200~2000 microns.Packet
More true formation core sample could be reacted containing different partial sizes, corresponding experimental result is also more accurate.
Step 200, it is placed in container after being watered stirring according to water content requirement to treated sample, then closing is held
The pressure system of simulated formation pressure is connect by device with container, and the well casing for injecting pressure break agent is penetrated in container insertion sample,
Prepare quantitative pressure break agent simultaneously；
The amount of being watered in general sample is chosen as the 1/2 of its volume, and different rock samples has different moisture content, specific rock
The moisture content of sample can be as follows using following calculation：If the sample quality for being full of water (moisture content φ is 100%) is m1, will
It is m that it, which is dried and obtains dry sample quality,2, the quality of water is m1-m2.It is m to qualitydryDry-eye disease (moisture content φ be 0), then match
Set the quality m of the water of the wet sample needs of specified moisture content φwaterFor：
In formula above, m1And m2Come what manual measurement obtained both for the sample of one piece of saturated water, mdryIt is with φ
Amount given by man.
Before being placed in sample, the strainer of tubular is first placed at the inner sidewall of container, then filter paper is fixed on strainer, so
Place sample again afterwards.Wherein the amount of pressure break agent can be the 1/3 of sample size, by weight volume ratio.
As shown in Figure 2,3, 4, back pressure system is injected pressure by the multiple injection pressure channels being symmetricly set on container circumference
It in container, covers pressure system and will cover pressure injection by the bottom of container, well casing is by the top insertion container of container, pressure supply device is by well
The upper end of pipe is expelled in container after being pressed into pressure break agent by lower end.
The fracturing experiments device being specifically related to generally includes the stratum system 10 for simulating oil-gas Layer environment, is used
In the wellbore system 20 of module subterranean well bore, for simulating the back pressure system 30 of underground radial pressure, for simulating underground axial direction
The control system (not shown) of pressure covered pressure system 40 and control above-mentioned each system experimentation process.
The stratum system 10 generally comprises the cylindrical hollow container 11 of both ends movable sealing, uniformly divides on the barrel of container 11
It is furnished with through inside and outside injection pressure through-hole 16, the piston 17 of axial movement is provided in container 11.
The wellbore system 20 includes providing pressure by the well casing 21 inside 11 upper end of container insertion container, and for well casing 21
Pressure supply device provides the liquid feed device 22 of fracturing fluid；Well casing 21 is used for simulation wellbore hole, hollow structure, upper end opening, lower end setting
There is the drainage hole 211 that internal fracturing fluid is discharged.
Back pressure system 30 includes the injection pressure pipeline of injection pressure through-hole 16 in back pressure pump 31, and connection back pressure pump 31 and container 11
32, at work, back pressure pump 31 makes rock sample bear circumference radial pressure by the injection pressure into container 11 of injection pressure pipeline 32
(horizontal direction).
This cover pressure system 40 include cover press pump 41 and one end connection cover 41 other end of press pump connection container, 11 inner piston 17 with
Pressure pipe road 42 is covered in space between bottom in container 11, cover press pump 41 injected by covering pressure pipe road 42 to the bottom of container 11 it is axial
Pressure (pressure at right angle) applies corresponding axial compressive force to the rock sample of top to push piston 17 to be moved upward.
Control system including the computer as control centre, and is mounted on calculating for controlling and recording experimentation
Record and the control software of operation experiments process in machine, and the communication line being connect by communication interface with each system.
In experiment, first the rock sample that shale silty sand is constituted is handled, places into 17 top of piston in container 11
In test section, the upper and lower ends of container 11 are movable sealing structure, and after rock sample is put well, re-closed container 11 connects back pressure system
System 30 covers pressure system 40, while by the well casing of wellbore system 20 21 by the rock sample center in the upper end insertion container 11 of container 11
Certain depth at.
Enabling back pressure pump 31 is that specified radial pressure is injected in container 11, and it is that the injection of container 11 is specified that press pump 41 is covered in starting
Axial compressive force, at the same the pressure supply device that starts wellbore system 20 it is synchronous from well casing 21 into container 11 injection pressure, inside container 11
Pressure reach specified pressure and it is steady when, i.e., the fracturing fluid in liquid feed device 22 is injected into rock by well casing 21 by pressure supply device
In sample, by the injection pressure of control fracturing fluid, rock sample can be made fracturing effect occur, then stop the injection pressure of each system, then
It takes out rock sample and carries out fracturing effect analysis, in entire treatment process, the control of the injection pressure of each system, pressure monitor and fracturing fluid
Injection control etc., requires to be configured by control system and adjusted, while recording each data variation in experimentation.
For convenience of observation fracturing effect, the pressure break agent in present embodiment uses aqueous fluorescent paint, can not only reduce cost,
Current shape can also be maintained after the drying simultaneously, prevent rock sample from deforming, to provide stability fundamental for later observations.
The present invention is capable of the underground environment of full simulation shale silty sand, and the pressure of shale silty sand is realized by the cooperation of each system
Test process is split, the oil-bearing layer for not only demonstrating shale silty sand is able to carry out pressing crack construction, but also can determine practical pressure break
Required various parameters provide support for practical pressing crack construction, while achieving the purpose that reduce cost.
The movable sealing structure of container 11 is in the following way：External screw thread is set at the both ends of container 11, passes through spiral shell respectively
Line is provided with internal thread upper cover 12 and lower cover 13, while installation insertion 11 end of container respectively at the two-port of container 11
The seal plug 14 of mouth, is provided with the connected unit 143 outwardly protruded far from container 11 in seal plug 14, in upper cover 12 on one side
With the through-hole 15 passed through for connected unit 143 is provided on lower cover 13, be provided in connected unit 143 and axially penetrate through hole 141, be used for
Insert corresponding injection pressure pipeline 32, well casing 21, cover pressure pipe road 42 etc..Between upper cover 12 and lower cover 13 and container 11, seal plug 14
Between the sealing structures such as settable corresponding sealing ring, gasket, and the excircle that seal plug 14 is contacted with 11 inner wall of container
On corresponding sealing ring also can be set.The seal plug 14 and container 11 of upper end use sliding contact, can be in upper cover 12
It is applied under extruding on internal rock sample, and the seal plug 14 of lower end is then as the sealing element for bearing pressure in container 11.This
Scheme is convenient to open container 11 at any time, and does not influence the connection of each pipeline while realizing multi-layer sealed effect.In addition, upper cover
12 and lower cover 13 in addition to the through-hole 141 of inserting respective line, can also be arranged corresponding for detecting other experimental datas
The spare jack 142 of supplementary instrument.141 position of through-hole for installing well casing 21 needs the axial line positioned at container 11, makes
The well casing 21 of insertion can be overlapped with axial line, so that the fracturing fluid of output can apply same pressure to surrounding rock sample.
Specifically injection pressure through-hole 16 is provided with multiple, is to establish stratum confining pressure circulation canal, the aperture of injection pressure through-hole
And quantity, it is theoretically smaller more closeer better, but in view of sample blocks the possibility with slime flux, 1-2mm is used in present embodiment
Drill bit drill container.Injection pressure through-hole is distributed along the even circumferential of container 11 in the horizontal direction, while in vertical direction
Interval setting multilayer, 16 position of injection pressure through-hole of each layer correspond to each other.Every layer of injection pressure through-hole 16 is provided with 8 in present embodiment
A, the interval angles of each injection pressure through-hole 16 of same layer are 45 angles, are provided with 4 layers altogether in vertical direction, this 4 layers and installation
The test zone position of rock sample is corresponding and separation distance from each other is consistent.
For convenience of 16 connecting line of injection pressure through-hole, can be fixed for connecting in one end that injection pressure through-hole 16 is located at 11 outer wall of container
Connect the connector 18 of injection pressure pipeline 32.It is internally provided with internal screw thread in connector 18, such as uses metal nut.Connector 18 can
Be fixed at each injection pressure through-hole 16 by welding,.Corresponding outer spiral shell can be set on the connector of injection pressure pipeline 32
Line, the two can be improved anti-pressure ability, prevent from being detached from by being threaded onto together.
For convenience of connection injection pressure pipeline 32, which is segmented into the internal switching for having cross-shaped internal through slot
Head, the closing plug and corresponding branch pipe 38 independently used, three outlets of the cross through slot of each adapter can lead to respectively
Branch pipe 38 is crossed to connect with a connector 18, and remaining one outlet can then pass through the pipeline of 31 connection of branch pipe 38 and injection pressure pump
Connection.
Go out since pressure requirements required for testing every time are different, or from the connection structure angle for simplifying injection pressure pipeline 32
Hair does not need each connector 18 and connects a branch pipe 38, can not will need the company of connection by closing plug at this time
Connector 18 seals, and such as only uses 12,16 connectors, remaining is all closed, and needs to select in the connector 18 of selection connection
It selects symmetrical.In addition, if each connector 18 be separately connected a branch pipe 38 be then not only laid out it is cumbersome, and
The probability to go wrong is also big.Adapter can be set up directly near corresponding several connectors 18 at this time, directly by compared with
Short branch pipe 38 is attached, and can greatly simplify the connection design between container end 11 and injection pressure pipeline 32.Further, turn
The remaining outlet of connector direct can not also be connect with 31 end of back pressure pump, but be connect again with adjacent adapter, i.e., all
Adapter itself can be formed by branch pipe and be connected, and finally an only branch pipe is connect with injection pressure pipeline 32.
In present embodiment, injection pressure pipeline 32 and adapter all use stainless steel material to make, and interconnection can pass through spiral shell
Line mode, while encapsulation process is used in tie point.
The diameter of well casing 21 can be the 1/20~30 of 11 diameter of container；Specific drainage hole 211 can be radially
Across well casing 21 axis and split slot what its end communicated, split slot width can for 21 diameter of well casing 1/2~
3, highly 1.5~2 times for 21 diameter of well casing.Using above-mentioned size restriction be because fracturing fluid have certain viscosity, if
Well casing 21, drainage hole 211 size it is too small be easy to cause blocking, and too big flow not easy to control.The drainage hole 211 of this programme
Although,, can also be using in well casing 21 in the case where meeting nonclogging requirement in other schemes using the structure for splitting slot
The structures such as symmetrical hole, slot are arranged in end.
It is placed with the filtering layer for stopping shale silty sand to squeeze out at the position corresponding with injection pressure through-hole 16 of 11 inside of container, specifically
Filtering layer can be the filter paper for having certain mesh number, be also possible to using strainer as skeleton, along with the structure of filter paper.Due to note
Pressure through-hole 16 is directly communicated with inside container 11, if directly pressed to the rock sample inside container 11, due to silty mud
It can be filled into injection pressure through-hole 16 husky characteristic, block injection pressure channel.And use structure of filtering layer after, then can stop silty silt but
Water will not be prevented to ooze out, be normally carried out experiment can.The mesh number of specific filter paper can according to the granular size of shale silty sand into
Row determines.
Pressure space 19 (being also possible to air), 17 quilt of piston are covered below piston 17 inside container 11 for what priming petock was formed
The pressure covered in pressure space 19 is lifted off bottom, is greater than piston 17 in vertical direction at a distance from immediate injection pressure through-hole 16
The distance between two injection pressure through-holes 16.If two 16 vertical ranges of injection pressure through-hole are 40 millimeters, then piston 17 is apart from closest
The distance of injection pressure through-hole 16 can be at 50 millimeters or so, to reserve the space for rising and squeezing.Priming petock can be straight by covering pressure system 40
Offer is provided.The output end for covering press pump 41 can connect water feeding tank 43, and water feeding tank 43 is controlled by valve 431 and covers pressure pipe road 42
Connection.
It, can be anti-oxidation with spray coating in the outer surface of container 11 and/or inner surface to prevent container 11 by water or liquid corrosion
Metal acid layer.
To whether there is leakage phenomenon in the injection pressure pipeline 32 after test connection, the infusion pipeline 26 of wellbore system 20 can be with
It is connect by threeway with the injection pressure pipeline 32 of back pressure system 30, so that wellbore system 20 can test note before experiment by filling the water
Whether pressure through-hole 16 blocks.Because wellbore system 20 has liquid feed device 22, it is used directly for filling the water, it is possible to directly benefit
With installing a set of water supply device again without back pressure system 30.In the present embodiment, injection pressure pipeline 32 and infusion pipeline 26
It can realize individually control on-off, by valve to avoid influencing each other.
The back pressure pump 31 of specific back pressure system 30 can pass sequentially through control valve 33, back pressure container 34 and back-pressure valve 36 with
Stratum system 10 connects, and pressure gauge 35 is equipped on back pressure container 34, is connected in discharge experimentation at back-pressure valve 36
Into the drainpipe 37 of water in well casing 21.Control valve 33 and back-pressure valve 36 can control pressure conveying, prevent pressure from flowing back, always
Current pressure is kept to maintain under specified pressure state, back pressure container 34 makes pressure gauge 35 directly reflect that current pressure is big
It is small.Drainpipe 37 is used to be discharged the experiment water in test water or experimentation before experiment.It can also be in the discharge of drainpipe 37
One water receiving case 39 of end setting.Injection pressure pipeline 32 before back-pressure valve 36 by respectively with each connector 18 or specified number
Branch pipe, corresponding adapter that connector 18 connects is measured to constitute.
The pressure supply device of wellbore system 20 includes that sequentially connected constant speed and constant pressure pumps 25, four-way valve 23, piston container 24, four
Port valve 27；Liquid feed device 22 includes two liquid holding box for containing division liquid, and constant speed and constant pressure pump 25 is double-cylinder structure, each cylinder difference
It connects and is merged into an efferent duct after a liquid holding box and is connect with four-way valve 23.It can be convenient installation using four-way valve 23,27 to survey
The measuring instrument of current state, such as pressure gauge are measured, or as the whether unobstructed detection mouth of current pipeline is detected, can also be connect at any time
Enter corresponding intake line, such as water injection pipe.Piston container 24 can be used for maintaining to be delivered to the pressure at well casing 21.When constant speed perseverance
When press pump 25 works, pressure can directly directly be held the water of liquid holding box or fracturing fluid by transfer pipeline through four-way valve 23, piston
Device 24, four-way valve 27, well casing 21 and enter container 11 in.
Step 300, start the strata pressure environment that each pressure system simulation container is born；
It is axial that simulation is reinjected when simulated formation pressure environment, after the back pressure to specified pressure of first injection simulation radial pressure
Pressure covers pressure, cover pressure be less than back pressure, finally reinject pressure break agent and injection pressure at least more than cover pressure.
Step 400, it then to pressure break agent is applied more than and covers the pressure of pressure by well casing injection sample, the pressure width of initial phase
Degree gradually rises and the constant speed after pressure stabilisation that is changed to presses, and pressure break agent enters the part water in sample after sample by container side
Injection pressure through-hole on wall squeezes out, and completes injection process after pressure break agent is fully injected into；
During the experiment, think to complete current injection process after not only can all injecting with determining pressure break agent,
Can be when pressure system can not again inject pressure break agent in container, being considered as injection process completion, (i.e. pressure system does not act as
With).
Step 500, each pressure system and well casing are removed, drying operation is carried out to container, again by sample after solidifying pressure break agent
Product are analyzed the state of pressure break agent in sample, are obtained the practical pressure break in stratum involved in current experiment sample point by taking out in container
Analysis is as a result, complete experimentation.
Low drying is used when container is dried, to avoid keeping pressure break agent frangible, general heating temperature is 60~70 degree.
As shown in figure 5, provide it is a kind of by rock sample after experiment by the sampler barrel 50 that is taken out in container, since rock sample is in container 11
It inside needs to be subjected to biggish pressure, while itself being also the product after being watered, therefore it contacts tighter, strength with 11 inner wall of container
Destructible experimental result is sampled, therefore, inner sidewall of the present embodiment using sampler barrel 50 along container 11 is pressed downward, to rock sample
Outer edge downlink cutting type extracts rock sample.
Specific sampler barrel 50 include diameter be less than 11 internal diameter of container and outer wall can be contacted with 11 inner wall of container it is hollow
Cylinder 51 is provided with the handle 52 convenient for control cylinder movement on cylinder 51.When in use, it is applied a force to by handle 52
On cylinder 51, so that the lower end of cylinder 51 is splitted the engagement of rock sample Yu 11 inner wall of container, rock sample is gradually made to enter the inside of cylinder 51,
Finally propose that cylinder 51 further takes out rock sample.The sampler barrel 50 of present embodiment both once can entirely take out rock sample,
Segmented mode can be used the sectional taking-up of rock sample.
Further, split rock sample for convenience of cylinder 51, can by the lower end of cylinder 51 be arranged toothing 511, with
It during 51 downlink of cylinder, can not only apply pressure at right angle, can also be rotated left and right, lower scanning frequency is accelerated with cutting mode
Degree, while force size can also be reduced.Handle 52 can be a straight-bar, then be symmetrical arranged on the upper end side wall of cylinder 51
The through-hole of axial line is passed perpendicularly through, handle 52 passes through two through-holes and the length for operating human hand held enough is exposed at both ends.In use,
Operator can be pressed and be rotated to cylinder 51 by the handle 52 that both ends are exposed, and enable cylinder 51 faster by rock
Sample is cut down.
As shown in fig. 6, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, in the case where 51 lower end of cylinder is the structure of zigzag 511,
Separated two-stage structure can be set into handle 52, and using being rotatably mounted on cylinder 51, specific structure is as follows：
Fixing seat 53 is symmetrically fixed on the upper end lateral wall of cylinder 51, handle 52 uses two independent rhabodoids 521, and two rod-shaped
One end of body 521 passes through axle construction respectively and is connected in corresponding fixing seat 53, and the rhabodoid 521 after connection is with fixing seat 53
Fulcrum is realized with respect to the axis direction of cylinder 51 carrys out back rotation.This structure facilitates the usually storage of sampler barrel 50, and does not influence
Normal use.
In present embodiment, the flow of constant speed and constant pressure pump is 0~30ml/min, 0~70MP of pressure limit, the volume of container
For 5L, 32~40MPa of highest pressure resistance；It back pressure and covers the pressure of pressure at least in 10MPa or more, when such as back pressure being 15MPa, and covers
Pressure may be configured as 10Mpa, and injection pressure can be walked according to the maximum pressure that constant speed and constant pressure pumps.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that present invention has been shown and described in detail herein multiple shows
Example property embodiment still without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, still can according to the present disclosure directly
Determine or deduce out many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognizes
It is set to and covers all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (20)
1. the fracturing experiments method of shale silty sand oil-gas Layer, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 100, sample is chosen, refinement of milling is carried out after drying, to guarantee the homogenieity of sample；
Step 200, it is placed in container after being watered stirring according to water content requirement to treated sample, then closed container, it will
The pressure system of simulated formation pressure is connect with container, and the well casing for injecting pressure break agent is penetrated in container insertion sample, simultaneously
Prepare quantitative pressure break agent；
Step 300, start the strata pressure environment that each pressure system simulation container is born；
Step 400, then to pressure break agent be applied more than and cover the pressure of pressure by well casing injection sample, the pressure amplitude of initial phase by
Step rises and the constant speed after pressure stabilisation that is changed to presses, and pressure break agent enters the part water in sample after sample by container side wall
Injection pressure through-hole squeeze out, complete injection process after pressure break agent is fully injected into；
Step 500, each pressure system and well casing are removed, to container carry out drying operation, make pressure break agent solidify after again by sample by
It is taken out in container, analyzes the state of pressure break agent in sample, obtain the practical frac knot in stratum involved in current experiment sample
Fruit completes experimentation.
2. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Sample drying temperature in the step 100 is 70~80 degree, and drying time period is that greater than 70 hours, includes in sample
Grain partial size is in 200~2000 micron ranges.
3. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The weight ratio of the pressure break agent and sample is 1/3~1/4：1.
4. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The amount of being watered in the sample is corresponding with moisture content of the rock sample of use in actual formation, and calculation is as follows：
If the sample quality for being full of water is m1, it is baked to obtain dry sample quality to be m2, the quality of water is m1-m2, now to quality
For mdryDry-eye disease, then configure the quality m for the water that the sample of specified moisture content φ needswaterFor：
5. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 300, when simulated formation pressure environment, mould is reinjected after the back pressure to specified pressure of first injection simulation radial pressure
Quasi- axial compressive force covers pressure, covers pressure and is less than back pressure, finally reinjects pressure break agent and injection pressure is pressed at least more than covering；Or it is injecting
It when covering pressure while injecting pressure break agent, when covering pressure and reaching requirement, continues to inject pressure break agent and required until meeting injection.
6. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step 500, the temperature when container is dried is 60~70 degree.
7. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step 200, before being placed in sample, the metal screen of tubular is first placed at the inner sidewall of container, then by filter paper
It is fixed on strainer, then places sample again, the sample particle of the mesh number of the filter paper at least below minimum particle size.
8. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step 400, when pressure system can not again inject pressure break agent in container, it is complete to be equally considered as injection process
At.
9. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The pressure system include in simulated formation the back pressure system of radial pressure and simulated formation Axial Force cover pressure system
System, and pressure break agent is pressed into the pressure supply device in container.
10. fracturing experiments method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that
The back pressure system is injected pressure in container by the multiple injection pressure channels being symmetricly set on container circumference, described to cover pressure
System will cover pressure injection by the bottom of the container and enter, and the well casing is inserted into the container by the top of the container, the confession
Pressure device will be expelled in container after pressure break agent indentation by lower end by the upper end of the well casing.
11. fracturing experiments method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that
The diameter of the well casing is the 1/20~30 of the container diameter, and the drainage hole for being used to be discharged pressure break agent on the well casing is
Slot is splitted across the axis of the well casing and what end communicated radially, the width for splitting slot is the well casing diameter
1/2~3, highly 1.5~2 times for the well casing diameter；The axial line weight of the insertion position of the well casing and the container
It closes.
12. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The both ends of the container are provided with external screw thread, are screwed with upper cover and lower cover by screw thread respectively, and at the both ends of the container
It is separately installed with seal plug at mouthful, is provided with the connection outwardly protruded on one side far from the container in the seal plug
Platform is provided with the through-hole passed through for the connected unit in the upper cover and the lower lid, is provided with axis in the connected unit
To through hole.
13. fracturing experiments method according to claim 12, which is characterized in that
The injection pressure through-hole is distributed along the even circumferential of the container and is provided with multilayer, the injection pressure lead to the hole site pair of each layer
It answers.
14. fracturing experiments method according to claim 13, which is characterized in that
The connector for connecting the injection pressure pipeline is fixed in one end that the injection pressure through-hole is located at the container outer wall.
15. fracturing experiments method according to claim 14, which is characterized in that
Every layer of injection pressure through-hole is provided with 8, is provided with 4 layers altogether and is uniformly distributed along the test section of the container；The company
The inside of connector is with internal screw thread and is fixed by welding in each injection pressure through hole.
16. fracturing experiments method according to claim 15, which is characterized in that
The injection pressure pipeline includes the adapter and autonomous closure plug for having cross-shaped internal through slot, each adapter
Three outlets of cross through slot connect a connector by branch pipe respectively, another interface passes through branch pipe and the back
The pipeline connection of press pump connection；The closing plug is for closing the connector not used.
17. fracturing experiments method according to claim 16, which is characterized in that
After the pressure system is connect with the container, the pressure supply device is first with the back pressure pipeline of the back pressure apparatus to appearance
Water filling in device, to detect the leakproofness of back pressure pipeline and the container.
18. fracturing experiments method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It further include the sampler barrel of rock sample in the container after taking out experiment, the sampler barrel includes that diameter is less than the inside diameter of vessel
And the hollow cylinder that outer wall can be contacted with the container inner wall, it is provided on the cylinder convenient for controlling the cylinder movement
Handle.
19. fracturing experiments method according to claim 18, which is characterized in that
The lower end of the cylinder is zigzag, is symmetrically arranged on the upper end side wall of the cylinder and passes perpendicularly through the logical of axial line
Hole, the handle pass through after two through-holes with installation on the container.
20. fracturing experiments method according to claim 18, which is characterized in that
The lower end of the cylinder is zigzag, is symmetrically fixed with fixing seat on the upper end lateral wall of the cylinder, the handle is
Two independent rhabodoids, one end of two rhabodoids pass through axle construction respectively and are connected in the corresponding fixing seat, and
The rhabodoid after connection, which is realized using fixing seat as the axis direction of the relatively described cylinder of fulcrum, carrys out back rotation.
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