CN108913980A - 一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN108913980A
CN108913980A CN201810680973.2A CN201810680973A CN108913980A CN 108913980 A CN108913980 A CN 108913980A CN 201810680973 A CN201810680973 A CN 201810680973A CN 108913980 A CN108913980 A CN 108913980A
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aluminum matrix
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matrix composite
composite material
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常永勤
李明洋
陶锡晨
郭远航
陈存广
郭志猛
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B22F2003/208—Warm or hot extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于铝基复合材料材料制备领域，涉及一种利用氧化物弥散强化铝基复合材料的方法。通过粉末球磨、压制、烧结、挤压成型、热处理等步骤制备ODS 6063铝基复合材料板，热处理工艺条件为固溶温度525‑535℃、固溶时间为4.5‑5.5小时、时效温度为170‑175℃、时效时间为10‑11小时。本发明采用粉末冶金的方法在6063复合材料中实现了原位生长Al2O3纳米颗粒，且均匀弥散分布在基体中。制备出的ODS 6063复合材料成分均匀，致密度高。生产成本低，易于大规模生产。

Description

一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法
技术领域
本发明属于铝基复合材料材料制备领域，特别涉及一种利用氧化物弥散强化铝基复合材料的方法。
背景技术
铝合金是工业中应用最为广泛的一种有色金属材料，6063铝合金作为可热处理强化的中强度合金，广泛应用于汽车制造、建筑型材、灌溉管材等领域。随着社会的飞速发展，传统方法制造的铝合金已经越来越无法满足人们制造工业产品的需要，国家“轻量化”战略的提出更是吸引了光大研究者们对高强度、低密度的材料的关注，弥散强化（DS）铝基复合材料可以大大提高铝合金的性能[J. Suthar, K.M. Patel, Processing issues,machining, and applications of aluminum metal matrix composites, Materialsand Manufacturing Processes 33 (2018) 499-527]。DS 6063铝基复合材料相比普通6063铝合金而言具有力学性能高、延展性优良和抗腐蚀能力强等优点。但是，目前DS-6063均是采用熔炼方法或者机械合金化的方法在6063基体中直接添加纳米颗粒来采用获得DS6063[X. Yao, Y.F. Zheng, M.Z. Quadir, C. Kong, J.M. Liang, Y.H. Chen, P.Munroe, D.L. Zhang, Grain growth and recrystallization behaviors of anultrafine grained Al-0.6 wt.%Mg-0.4 wt.%Si-5 vol.%SiC nanocomposite duringheat treatment and extrusion, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 745 (2018) 519-524; K. Kondoh, H. Fukuda, J. Umeda, H. Imai, B. Fugetsu, Microstructural andmechanical behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced Al-Mg-Sialloy composites in aging treatment, Carbon 72 ( 2014) 15-21]。采用机械破碎铝合金粉末的方法，在铝合金基体中原位形成Al2O3纳米颗粒来增强铝复合材料性能的制造工艺已用于不少弥散强化铝基复合材料的制备中[B.T. AL-Mosawi, D. Wexler, A. Calka,Characterization and mechanical properties of α-Al2O3 particle reinforcedaluminum matrix composites, synthesized via uniball magneto-milling anduniaxial hot pressing, Advanced Powder Technology 28 (2017) 1054-1064]。但是，截止目前为止，尚没有关于原位合成Al2O3增强6063复合材料的报道。本发明采用粉末冶金的方法制备出的ODS 6063复合材料成分均匀，致密度高且纳米氧化物颗粒均匀分散在基体之中。本发明提供的制备ODS 6063复合材料的方法生产成本低，易于大规模生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在6063合金中不额外添加任何纳米颗粒，直接采用高能球磨方法破碎6063合金粉，使得原来存在于6063合金粉表面的一层氧化膜破碎成颗粒，在基体中直接形成Al2O3颗粒，然后采用合适的热挤压和锻造工艺进一步将氧化物颗粒破碎并让其均匀分布，从而获得高密度和高性能的氧化物弥散强化6063（ODS 6063）复合材料。
一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法，通过粉末球磨、压制、烧结、挤压成型等步骤制备ODS 6063铝基复合材料板，具体制备工艺如下：
（1）将6063铝合金粉末高能球磨10-11小时；
（2）采用冷等静压的方法在175-180 MPa下压制2-3分钟；
（3）对压制后的样品在氮气环境下进行烧结，烧结温度为590-600℃，烧结时间为115-120分钟；
（4）通过热挤压的方式制备出ODS 6063铝基复合材料板。在烧结后的热挤压过程中，其温度和机械力使得已经烧结的材料变软来进一步变形，该过程可以进一步将氧化物薄膜破碎，形成更加细小且弥散的氧化物颗粒，同时使得样品的密度进一步提升。
进一步地，为使6063复合材料中实现原位生长Al2O3纳米颗粒，且均匀弥散分布在基体中，需要对步骤4）制备的ODS 6063铝基复合材料板进行热处理，热处理工艺条件为固溶温度525-535℃、固溶时间为4.5-5.5小时、时效温度为170-175℃、时效时间为10-11小时。
本发明的优点在于：
(1)提供了一种利用粉末冶金方法制备ODS 6063复合材料的生产工艺。
(2)本发明采用粉末冶金的方法制备出的ODS 6063复合材料成分均匀，致密度高。
(3)在6063复合材料中实现了原位生长Al2O3纳米颗粒，且均匀弥散分布在基体中。
(4)生产成本低，易于大规模生产。
附图说明
图1 样品的TEM图谱，从图中可以看出纳米颗粒均匀弥散分布于基体中。
具体实施方式
实施案例一：
将6063铝合金粉末高能球磨10小时，采用冷等静压的方法在175 MPa下压制3分钟，对压制后的样品在氮气环境下进行烧结，烧结温度为600℃，烧结时间为115分钟，通过热挤压的方式制备出ODS 6063铝基复合材料板。热处理工艺条件为固溶温度525℃、固溶时间为5.5小时、时效温度为170℃、时效时间为11小时。
实施案例二：
将6063铝合金粉末高能球磨10小时，采用冷等静压的方法在180 MPa下压制2分钟，对压制后的样品在氮气环境下进行烧结，烧结温度为590℃，烧结时间为120分钟，通过热挤压的方式制备出ODS 6063铝基复合材料板。热处理工艺条件为固溶温度530℃、固溶时间为5小时、时效温度为175℃、时效时间为10小时。
实施案例三：
将6063铝合金粉末高能球磨10小时，采用冷等静压的方法在180 MPa下压制2分钟，对压制后的样品在氮气环境下进行烧结，烧结温度为595℃，烧结时间为118分钟，通过热挤压的方式制备出ODS 6063铝基复合材料板。热处理工艺条件为固溶温度为535℃、固溶时间为4.5小时、时效温度为170℃、时效时间10.5为小时。

Claims (2)

1.一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法，其特征在于通过粉末球磨、压制、烧结、挤压成型步骤制备ODS 6063铝基复合材料板，具体制备工艺如下：
（1）将6063铝合金粉末高能球磨10-11小时；
（2）采用冷等静压的方法在175-180 MPa下压制2-3分钟；
（3）对压制后的样品在氮气环境下进行烧结，烧结温度为590-600℃，烧结时间为115-120分钟；
（4）通过热挤压的方式制备出ODS 6063铝基复合材料板。
2.如权利要求1所述一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法，其特征在于为使6063复合材料中实现原位生长Al2O3纳米颗粒，且均匀弥散分布在基体中，需要对步骤4）制备的ODS 6063铝基复合材料板进行热处理，热处理工艺条件为固溶温度525-535℃、固溶时间为4.5-5.5小时、时效温度为170-175℃、时效时间为10-11小时。
CN201810680973.2A 2018-06-27 2018-06-27 一种制备氧化物弥散强化6063复合材料的方法 Pending CN108913980A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20181130