CN108910965B - Method for preparing ternary hydroxide precursor - Google Patents
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- CN108910965B CN108910965B CN201810563049.6A CN201810563049A CN108910965B CN 108910965 B CN108910965 B CN 108910965B CN 201810563049 A CN201810563049 A CN 201810563049A CN 108910965 B CN108910965 B CN 108910965B
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor, which comprises the following steps: preparation of the initial solution: dissolving a ternary positive electrode of the waste lithium ion battery to obtain an initial solution; preparing an intermediate solution: removing suspended matters to obtain an intermediate solution; adjusting the concentration of the intermediate solution: adding soluble inorganic salts of nickel, cobalt and manganese into the intermediate solution, and adjusting the concentration of ternary ions in the intermediate solution; and preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor according to the following steps: introducing inert gas into a reaction kettle with a base solution; adding an anionic surfactant into an alkali solution prepared from sodium hydroxide and ammonia water to prepare a mixed solution; preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor: and (3) preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor by coprecipitation reaction of the ternary ion solution and the mixed solution in the reaction kettle. The method provided by the invention realizes the control of the appearance of primary-growth particles of the ternary hydroxide precursor; the obtained ternary cathode material has excellent rate performance and can be used as a cathode material of a power type lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor, in particular to a method for preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor by utilizing a ternary anode of a waste lithium ion battery.
Background
In recent years, the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry in China, particularly the increase of the demand of pure electric vehicles driven by policies, greatly promotes the production of power batteries, and the quantity of waste power batteries is increased along with the increase of the demand of pure electric vehicles. The recovery of waste power batteries is an important component in the life cycle of the new energy automobile industry, and the reasonable disposal of the waste power batteries, particularly the recovery and utilization of transition metal elements in the waste power batteries are important for the development of the industry. And the transition metal in the waste lithium ion battery is efficiently recycled, so that the cost can be reduced, and the sustainable development and industrial upgrading of the power battery industry can be promoted.
At present, the treatment and disposal of waste power batteries in China are still in the market and technical cultivation stage, the pretreatment process at the front end, such as power battery disassembly, echelon utilization and battery cell crushing/sorting technology, has a breakthrough, but the method still has a larger space for improving the high-efficiency resource circulation, material regeneration, whole-process green upgrading and the like. In addition, the recovery network and the effective recovery mode of the vehicle power battery in China still need to be established and standardized. With the continuous improvement of relevant policies, the continuous increase of the production capacity of waste power batteries and the continuous maturity of relevant technologies in China, the recycling management system and the industrial structure of waste power batteries in China are further improved, and the market gradually trends to standardization.
The ternary battery has a larger share in the market due to the advantage of high energy density, in recent years, the contents of nickel and manganese in the waste lithium ion battery are greatly increased, and the nickel, cobalt and manganese are very difficult to separate in the recovery process due to the similarity of the physical and chemical properties of the three elements. Most of the existing methods for recovering the anode materials of the waste ternary lithium ion batteries have the disadvantages of high separation cost of nickel, cobalt and manganese, complex process and easy pollution to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor with controllable primary particle morphology by using a waste lithium ion battery ternary cathode material. According to the method, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are adopted to dissolve the waste ternary cathode material, and an anionic surfactant is adopted to control the nanosheet morphology of primary particles of the precursor in the coprecipitation process, so that the method is simple and efficient in process, and can be used for directly leaching ternary transition metal (nickel, cobalt and manganese) ions from the waste lithium ion battery ternary cathode material to produce a ternary precursor, the cost for separating nickel, cobalt and manganese is saved, the recovery rate of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the waste ternary cathode material in the leaching process is high, and the environmental protection is facilitated; the feeding rate in the coprecipitation process is high; after the ternary hydroxide precursor prepared by the method is subjected to lithium mixing and calcination, the obtained ternary cathode material shows excellent rate performance due to the fact that nano flaky primary particles of the precursor are preserved, and can be used as a cathode material of a power lithium ion battery.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of making a ternary hydroxide precursor, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, preparing an initial solution: dissolving the ternary positive electrode of the waste lithium ion battery by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain an initial solution;
secondly, preparing an intermediate solution: adding ammonia water into the initial solution, and removing suspended matters to obtain an intermediate solution;
thirdly, adjusting the concentration of the intermediate solution: adding the soluble inorganic salt into the intermediate solution, and adjusting the concentration of ternary ions in the intermediate solution;
fourthly, preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor:
1) introducing inert gas into a reaction kettle with a base solution;
2) adding an anionic surfactant into an alkali solution prepared from sodium hydroxide and ammonia water to prepare a mixed solution;
3) preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor:
and (3) preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor by coprecipitation reaction of the ternary ion solution and the mixed solution in the reaction kettle.
In the first preferred method provided by the invention, the molar ratio of the solute of the acetic acid solution to the hydrogen peroxide is 4: 1-1: 1; the mass ratio of the solute of the acetic acid solution to the ternary positive electrode material of the waste lithium ion battery is 1: 4-1: 1;
in the second preferred method provided by the invention, ammonia water is added into the initial solution to remove impurities such as aluminum, iron and copper, wherein the adding amount of the ammonia water is 50: 1-100: 1 according to the mass ratio of the ternary cathode material to the ammonia water solute.
In a third preferred method provided by the invention, the ternary soluble inorganic salt is a sulfate, nitrate or chloride of nickel, cobalt and manganese, the concentration ratio of nickel ions to cobalt ions to manganese ions is 0.6:0.2:0.2, and the total concentration of metal ions is 3.0-6.0 mol L -1 。
In the fourth preferred method provided by the invention, sodium hydroxide and ammonia water are prepared into 1-5 mol L of sodium hydroxide according to the molar ratio of 0.5-5 -1 The mixed solution of (1).
In a fifth preferred method provided by the present invention, the anionic surfactant is a mixture of one or more selected from fatty acid salts, sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates; the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the surfactant is 12-20.
In a sixth preferred method provided by the invention, the base solution is deionized water, and ammonia water is added to make the pH of the dropping liquid be 12-13.
In the seventh preferred method provided by the invention, the mixture is mixed in the reaction kettle at 30-42 ℃ for 6-12 h, and then the inert gas is continuously introduced to continue stirring for 1-4 h.
In the eighth preferred method provided by the invention, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60-70 ℃ for at least 12 hours.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the invention has high recovery efficiency of nickel, cobalt and manganese of the waste lithium ion battery, is environment-friendly and pollution-free; according to the method provided by the invention, the appearance of the primary-growth particles of the ternary precursor is controlled by adjusting the amount and the type of the anionic surfactant added into the precursor in the hydroxide coprecipitation process, and the method has the advantages of short feeding time, simplicity and high efficiency in the coprecipitation process. After the precursor prepared by the method is calcined by lithium mixing, the obtained ternary cathode material has excellent rate performance and can be used as a cathode material of a power type lithium ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a ternary hydroxide precursor prepared according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a ternary hydroxide precursor prepared according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
In the following examples 1-2, the characterization and analysis methods used were as follows:
scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing: the instrument model is as follows: FEI Quanta 250, usa;
example 1
Dissolving the recycled ternary anode material of the waste lithium ion battery by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (the molar ratio of solute is 2:1), wherein the ratio of the acetic acid solute to the anode material of the waste ternary battery is 1:3, obtaining an initial solution I, and measuring the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the ternary anode material of the waste lithium ion battery to be 98.2%;
adding ammonia water serving as a filter aid into the solution I according to the mass ratio of the waste ternary cathode material to 25% ammonia water of 75:4, filtering to remove impurities such as aluminum, iron and copper, wherein the removal rate of the impurities is 97.0% through measurement to obtain an intermediate solution II, and measuring Ni in the solution II 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Mn 2+ The ion concentration ratio of (b) is 0.57:0.22: 0.21;
adding NiSO into the intermediate solution II 4 ·6H 2 O、CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O, preparing a solution with the concentration ratio of nickel ions to cobalt ions to manganese ions of 0.6:0.2:0.2, wherein the total concentration of the ternary ions is 4mol L -1 The solution of (1), which is labeled as solution III;
NaOH and ammonia water are used for preparing sodium hydroxide with the concentration of 2mol L according to the molar ratio of 2:1 -1 Mixing the alkali solution.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate are used as anionic surfactant mixture, and the anionic surfactant mixture is prepared by the molar ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate of 4: 1.
According to the mixingAnd adding an anionic surfactant into the alkali solution according to the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the surfactant of 16: 1. The stirring speed is 1000r/min, the reaction temperature is set to 40 ℃, and inert gas is introduced into the reaction kettle for protection. And when the stirring speed, the temperature and the atmosphere are stable, slowly pumping the solution III and the mixed alkali solution into the reaction kettle at a constant speed, and adjusting the feeding rate to stabilize the pH value to 12.5. The feeding time is 8h, and argon is continuously introduced to stir for 2h after the feeding is finished. Filtering, cleaning and drying the precipitate to prepare a ternary hydroxide precursor Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 。
Observing the obtained Ni by a scanning electron microscope 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 The morphology of (2). As shown in fig. 1, the primary particles are in the form of relatively thin nano-platelets and are more loosely packed into spherical secondary particles. Calcining the obtained particles by lithium mixing to obtain the ternary material LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 Assembled principle battery (metallic lithium as counter electrode) 10C (1C ═ 200mAh g) -1 ) Charging and discharging under the multiplying power and the voltage range of 3-4.25V, and the discharge capacity is 196mAh g -1 These data demonstrate that the product produced in this example of the invention exhibits good rate performance.
Example 2
Dissolving the recycled ternary anode material of the waste lithium ion battery by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (the molar ratio of solute is 2:1), wherein the ratio of the acetic acid solute to the anode material of the waste ternary battery is 1:3, so as to obtain an initial solution I, and measuring the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the ternary anode material of the waste lithium ion battery to be 98.0%;
adding ammonia water serving as a filter aid into the initial solution I according to the mass ratio of the waste ternary cathode material to 25% of ammonia water of 75:4, filtering to remove impurities such as aluminum, iron and copper, measuring the removal rate of the impurities to be 97.4% to obtain an intermediate solution II, and measuring Ni in the intermediate solution II 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Mn 2+ The ion concentration ratio of (a) is 0.57:0.22: 0.21;
adding a proper amount of NiSO into the solution II 4 ·6H 2 O、CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O、MnSO 4 ·H 2 O, the concentration ratio of nickel ions, cobalt ions and manganese ions is 0.8:0.1:0.1, and the total concentration of ternary ions is 4mol L -1 The solution of (a), labeled solution III;
NaOH and ammonia water are prepared into sodium hydroxide with the concentration of 2mol L according to the mol ratio of 2:1 -1 Mixing the alkali solution.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate are used as anionic surfactants to prepare an anionic surfactant mixture according to the molar ratio of 1: 1.
And adding an anionic surfactant mixture into the mixed alkali solution according to the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the surfactant of 16: 1. The stirring speed is 1000r/min, the reaction temperature is set to 40 ℃, and inert gas is introduced into the reaction kettle for protection. And when the stirring speed, the temperature and the atmosphere are stable, slowly pumping the solution III and the mixed alkali solution into the reaction kettle at a constant speed, and adjusting the feeding rate to stabilize the pH value to 12.5. The feeding time is 8h, and argon is continuously introduced to stir for 2h after the feeding is finished. Filtering, cleaning and drying the precipitate to prepare a ternary hydroxide precursor Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 。
Observing the obtained Ni by a scanning electron microscope 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 The morphology of (2). As shown in fig. 1, the primary particles exhibited relatively thick nano-platelets and had a bulk density greater than that of example 1. After the particles of the embodiment are calcined by lithium mixing, the obtained ternary material LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 Assembled principle battery (lithium metal counter electrode) 10C (1C ═ 200mAh g) -1 ) Charging and discharging under multiplying power and voltage range of 3-4.25V, and the discharge capacity is 208mAh g -1 And good rate performance is shown.
The invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification, and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (3)
1. A method of preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing an initial solution: dissolving the ternary positive electrode of the waste lithium ion battery by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to obtain an initial solution;
(II) preparing an intermediate solution: adding ammonia water into the initial solution, and removing suspended matters to obtain an intermediate solution;
(III) adjusting the concentration of the intermediate solution: adding soluble inorganic salt into the intermediate solution, and adjusting the concentration of ternary ions in the intermediate solution;
(IV) preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor:
1) introducing inert gas into a reaction kettle with a base solution;
2) adding an anionic surfactant into an alkali solution prepared from sodium hydroxide and ammonia water to prepare a mixed solution;
3) preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor: preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor by coprecipitation reaction of the ternary ion solution and the mixed solution in the reaction kettle, wherein the pH value is stabilized at 12.5;
the molar ratio of the solute of the acetic acid solution to the hydrogen peroxide is 4: 1-1: 1; the mass ratio of the solute of the acetic acid solution to the ternary positive electrode material of the waste lithium ion battery is 1: 4-1: 1;
the soluble inorganic salt is sulfate, nitrate or chloride of nickel, cobalt and manganese, the concentration ratio of nickel ions to cobalt ions to manganese ions is 0.6:0.2:0.2, and the total concentration of metal ions is 3.0-6.0 mol L -1 ；
The anionic surfactant is a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the mass ratio of the sodium hydroxide to the surfactant is 12-20;
the base solution is deionized water, and ammonia water is added to ensure that the pH of the base solution is 12-13;
wherein the sodium hydroxide and the ammonia water are prepared into sodium hydroxide with the concentration of 1-5 mol L according to the molar ratio of 0.5-5 -1 The mixed solution of (1);
and mixing the mixture in the reaction kettle at the temperature of 30-42 ℃ for 6-12 h, and continuously introducing inert gas to continuously stir for 1-4 h.
2. The method of preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor according to claim 1, wherein: and adding ammonia water into the initial solution to remove impurity metals, wherein the adding amount of the ammonia water is 50: 1-100: 1 according to the mass ratio of the ternary cathode material to the ammonia water solute.
3. The method of preparing a ternary hydroxide precursor according to claim 1, wherein: mixing, filtering, washing and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60-70 ℃ for at least 12 h.
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| CN112645394A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-13 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116143198B (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-09-22 | 新乡天力锂能股份有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling crystal face area of layered cathode material precursor (010) through anions |
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| CN106892464A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-27 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of ternary anode material precursor |
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| WO2007048283A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Byd Company Limited | A process for preparing a positive electrode material for lithium ion battery |
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