CN107959022A - A kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107959022A
CN107959022A CN201711050152.2A CN201711050152A CN107959022A CN 107959022 A CN107959022 A CN 107959022A CN 201711050152 A CN201711050152 A CN 201711050152A CN 107959022 A CN107959022 A CN 107959022A
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nickel
solution
manganese
cobalt
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廖世军
卲奕嘉
叶跃坤
刘利娜
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of solvent-thermal method to prepare tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof.This method is:Nickel cobalt manganese salt is dissolved in solvent, add surfactant and hydrolysis auxiliary agent, it is transferred to after being sufficiently stirred in reaction kettle, at a certain temperature after 2 24h of solvent thermal reaction, it is cooled to room temperature, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary product is isolated using the method for suction filtration, after washed, dry, preroast in atmosphere obtains presoma;By presoma and lithium compound ground and mixed, roasting, is made tertiary cathode material;Ternary oxide presoma is compared with ternary precursor prepared by the usual precipitation method made from solvent-thermal method proposed by the invention, its particle has the advantages that size is small, it is regulatable with pattern to be evenly distributed, so that final obtained ternary material also has the characteristics that the important features such as granularity is small, particle diameter distribution is uniform, pattern is controllable, material shows excellent chemical property, its capacity and stability are superior to tertiary cathode material prepared by the precipitation method.

Description

A kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery and its preparation, and in particular to a kind of solvent-thermal method prepares ternary Positive electrode and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary anode material for lithium-ion batteries have it is of low cost, environmental-friendly, specific capacity is high, good cycle With the important advantage such as security is good, extensively substitution cobalt acid lithium and LiFePO4 and as a kind of highly important lithium-ion electric Pond positive electrode.
The method dominating process route of industrial production nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material is precipitation-mixed lithium-roasting method at present, Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary presoma is first generally made using the precipitation method, then with lithium salts (mainly lithium carbonate) mixed grinding, Ran Hou Roasted under high temperature and ternary material is made.The common precipitation method prepare pattern and size Control of the ternary precursor there are presoma The problem of more difficult, causing last obtained ternary material, there are granularity is larger, distribution of particles is uneven, pattern is irregular The problems such as, it have impact on the performance of material property.To solve the problems, such as these, people have carried out substantial amounts of research in terms of preparation method Work;Including adjustment precipitating reagent, solvent, addition auxiliary agent etc.;Such as:Chinese invention patent CN104810521A proposes a kind of oxidation Coprecipitation, while it is aided with coating decoration, it is finally reached the purpose for improving material electrochemical performance;Chinese invention patent CN106340642A is proposed, utilizes the tertiary cathode material for being catalyzed coprecipitation and preparing excellent performance.However, these effort are simultaneously Not so that the pattern of material and distribution of particles problem are well solved;
For the precipitation method there are the problem of, there has been proposed sol-gal process in recent years.Such as:Chinese patent In CN104916836A, using sol-gal process, it is aided with Supercritical Drying Technology, realizes the control of material granule size and size System, prepares high-performance nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material.Although sol-gal process has the advantages of as described above, there is also original The problems such as material is expensive, preparation process is complicated;Therefore, the new method of preparation high-performance tertiary cathode material is sought with particularly significant Meaning.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of new solvent hot preparation nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide Method, this method are that nickel cobalt manganese presoma salt is dissolved in suitable solvent, by adjusting type of solvent and ratio and adding Add suitable template, ternary oxide presoma of the synthesis with controllable appearance and size under the conditions of solvent heat.
The purpose of the present invention is realized at least through one of following technical solution.
A kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material, and the positive electrode is layer structure, and chemical formula is: LinNixCoyMnzO2, wherein 1.03≤n≤1.2,0.33≤x≤0.98,0.01≤y≤0.33,0.01≤z≤0.33, x+y+z =1.
A kind of method that solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material, comprises the following steps:
(1) by a certain amount of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt addition deionized water and organic solvent mixed solution, (pure water is organic Solvent) in, stirring and dissolving, labeled as solution A;Surfactant and hydrolysis auxiliary agent are dissolved in deionized water and are mixed with organic solvent In solvent (pure water or organic solvent), stirring and dissolving, labeled as solution B;
(2) solution A is mixed with solution B, stirs 0.5h-20h, labeled as solution C,;Then solution C, which is transferred to, has In the stainless steel cauldron of polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, 90 DEG C~200 DEG C insulation 6h~48h are risen to by room temperature;
(3) after after question response kettle is cooled to room temperature, product is filtered, washing, it is placed in 80-120 DEG C of dry 10- in drying box 24h, then prebake obtains nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor after firing at 200-600 DEG C;
(4) it is 1 according to the amount ratio of material by nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor and lithium compound:1.03~1.2, fill After point mixed grinding, according to being roasted under certain heating schedule in air atmosphere.Be cooled to after room temperature i.e. be made particle size and The tertiary cathode material Li of morphology controllablenNixCoyMnzO2
In the above method, step (1) described nickel salt is one in nickel sulfate, nickel formate, nickel acetate, nickel chloride and nickel nitrate More than kind;The cobalt salt is one or more of cobaltous sulfate, cobaltous formate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride and cobalt nitrate;The manganese salt is sulphur One or more of sour manganese, formic acid manganese, manganese acetate, manganese chloride and manganese nitrate;The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, Polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, propane diols, phenmethylol, benzyl carbinol, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oleic acid One or more of with oleyl amine;The surfactant is cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl three In methyl bromide ammonium, lauryl sodium sulfate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, enuatrol, sapn and tween it is a kind of with On;The hydrolysis auxiliary agent is ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, oxalic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, urea, ammonium formate, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen-oxygen Change one or more of lithium, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, methenamine and ammonium fluoride.
In the above method, transition metal ions total soluble matters is 0.002~0.2mol/L in step (2) mixed solution C;It is described Metal ion is Ni2+、Co2+And Mn2+;Surface-active additive amount is 1g/L~20g/L;Hydrolysis additive dosage is metal ion 0.5 times of the amount of total material~20 times;Deionized water accounts for the 0~100% of mixed solution C volume.
In the above method, in step (3), the roasting heating rate be 0.5~5 DEG C/min, calcination temperature is 200~ 600 DEG C, roasting time is 4~10h.
In the above method, step (4) described lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide, one kind of lithium acetate.
In the above method, in step (4), the roasting heating rate be 0.5~5 DEG C/min, calcination temperature is 700~ 900 DEG C, when roasting time is 8~18 small.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is that:
The present invention realizes the shape of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary persursor material by the regulation and control to reaction condition during solvent heat The Effective Regulation of looks and size, so as to significantly improve material electrochemical performance.Using this ternary oxide presoma as raw material The tertiary cathode material of preparation is with the important advantage such as no ion mixing, particle uniform, morphology controllable, electrochemical performance.
The present invention provides a kind of important method, realizes the controllable of ternary material precursor (ternary oxide) Standby, obtained ternary oxide material particle size is small, morphology controllable, particle diameter distribution are good;So that final obtained ternary material Material shows excellent chemical property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the tertiary cathode material (LiNi obtained by embodiment 10.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) XRD diagram;
Embodiment
Make further specific detailed description, but embodiments of the present invention are not to the present invention with reference to specific embodiment It is limited to this, for especially not dated technological parameter, can refer to routine techniques progress.
Embodiment 1
By nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese sulfate in molar ratio 0.5:0.2:0.3 ratio is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water and different In propyl alcohol mixed solution, solution A is configured to.A certain amount of urea and polyvinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in deionized water and isopropanol In mixed solution, solution B is configured to.After solution A is mixed with solution B, stir 0.5h, be configured to solution C, wherein, metal from Sub- total concentration is 0.2mol/L, and polyvinylpyrrolidone additive amount is 1g/L, and hydrolysis additive dosage is metal ion total material 20 times of amount, deionized water accounts for the 10% of mixed solution C cumulative volume.Solution C is transferred to 50ml with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Serve as a contrast in stainless steel cauldron, rise to 200 DEG C by room temperature, keep the temperature 10h.Products therefrom is filtered, is washed, after 80 DEG C of dry 10h, is put In Muffle furnace, 200 DEG C of roasting 10h (roasting heating rate is 0.5 DEG C/min), obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxygen under air atmosphere Compound presoma.It is 1 that ternary oxide presoma and lithium carbonate are pressed amount of substance ratio:1.03 mixing, after being fully ground, air atmosphere Lower 900 DEG C of roastings 8h (5 DEG C/min of roasting heating rate) is enclosed, is cooled to after room temperature and tertiary cathode material is made LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2.As seen from Figure 1, for the tertiary cathode material prepared without ion mixing, division peak is obvious, has Good layer structure.
The main chemical property of material is shown in Table 1
Embodiment 2
By nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate in molar ratio 0.98:0.01:0.01 ratio is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water In triethanolamine mixed solution, solution A is configured to.A certain amount of methenamine and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide are dissolved in In deionized water and triethanolamine mixed solution, solution B is configured to.After solution A is mixed with solution B, 20h is stirred, is configured to Solution C, wherein, metal ion total concentration is 0.002mol/L, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide additive amount is 15g/L, Wu Luo Tropine additive amount is 0.5 times of the amount of metal ion total material, and deionized water accounts for the 80% of mixed solution C cumulative volume.By solution C 100ml is transferred to in polytetrafluoroethyllining lining stainless steel cauldron, 160 DEG C is risen to by room temperature, keeps the temperature 20h.Gained is produced Thing is filtered, washing, after 80 DEG C of dry 15h, is placed in Muffle furnace, 600 DEG C of roasting 4h (roasting heating rates under air atmosphere For 1 DEG C/min), obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor.It is by amount of substance ratio with lithium acetate by ternary oxide presoma 1:1.05 mixing, after being fully ground, the lower 700 DEG C of roastings 18h of air atmosphere (0.5 DEG C/min of roasting heating rate), is cooled to room Tertiary cathode material LiNi is made after temperature0.98Co0.01Mn0.01O2
The main chemical property of material is shown in Table 1
Embodiment 3
By nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese acetate in molar ratio 0.8:0.1:0.1 ratio is dissolved in deionized water solution, is matched somebody with somebody It is set to solution A.Sodium acid carbonate and hydroxyethyl cellulose are dissolved in deionized water, are configured to solution B.Solution A and solution B are mixed After conjunction, 5h is stirred, is configured to solution C, wherein, metal ion total concentration is 0.02mol/L, and hydroxyethyl cellulose additive amount is 10g/L, sodium acid carbonate additive amount are 5 times of the amount of metal ion total material.Solution C is transferred to 100ml has polytetrafluoroethyl-ne In alkene inner liner stainless steel reaction kettle, 90 DEG C of insulation 2h are risen to by room temperature.By products therefrom it is filtered, washing, 80 DEG C of dry 24h Afterwards, it is placed in Muffle furnace, 600 DEG C of roasting 4h (roasting heating rate is 5 DEG C/min), obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary under air atmosphere Oxide precursor.It is 1 that ternary oxide presoma and lithium acetate are pressed amount of substance ratio:1.1 mixing, after being fully ground, in sky Atmosphere encloses lower 800 DEG C of roastings 18h (1 DEG C/min of roasting heating rate), is cooled to after room temperature and tertiary cathode material is made LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
The main chemical property of material is shown in Table 1
Embodiment 4
By nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate in molar ratio 1:1:1 ratio is dissolved in ethanol solution, is configured to solution A. Sodium acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in ethanol solution, are configured to solution B.After solution A is mixed with solution B, stir 0.5h is mixed, is configured to solution C, wherein, metal ion total concentration is 0.05mol/L, and surface-active additive amount is 20g/L, acetic acid Sodium additive amount is 5 times of the amount of metal ion total material.Solution C is transferred to 150ml has polytetrafluoroethyllining lining stainless steel In reaction kettle, 180 DEG C of insulation 48h are risen to by room temperature.By products therefrom is filtered, washing, after 120 DEG C of dry 10h, Muffle is placed in In stove, 200 DEG C of roasting 10h (roasting heating rate is 1 DEG C/min), obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor under air atmosphere Body.It is 1 that ternary oxide presoma and lithium hydroxide are pressed amount of substance ratio:1.2 mixing, after being fully ground mixing, air atmosphere Lower 850 DEG C of roastings 8h (5 DEG C/min of roasting heating rate), is cooled to after room temperature and tertiary cathode material is made LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2
The main chemical property of material is shown in Table 1
The main chemical property table of 1 each case study on implementation of table
The above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not to the present invention Embodiment restriction.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make on the basis of the above description Other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within spirit and principle etc., should be included in the protection of the claims in the present invention Within the scope of.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material, it is characterised in that the positive electrode is layer structure, chemical formula For:LinNixCoyMnzO2, wherein 1.03≤n≤1.2,0.33≤x≤0.98,0.01≤y≤0.33,0.01≤z≤0.33, x+y+z=1。
2. the method that solvent-thermal method described in claim 1 prepares tertiary cathode material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt are added in solvent, the solvent is pure water, organic solvent is gone or ionized water with it is organic Solvent mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, labeled as solution A;Surfactant and hydrolysis auxiliary agent are dissolved in solvent, the solvent is Pure water or organic solvent or deionized water and organic solvent mixed solution, stirring and dissolving, labeled as solution B;
(2)Solution A is mixed with solution B, stirs 0.5h-20h, labeled as solution C,;Then solution C is transferred to poly- four In the stainless steel cauldron of vinyl fluoride liner, 90 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C insulation 6h ~ 48h are risen to by room temperature;
(3)After after question response kettle is cooled to room temperature, product is filtered, washing, 80-120 DEG C of dry 10-24h in drying box is placed in, Then prebake obtains nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor after firing at 200-600 DEG C;
(4)According to the amount ratio of material it is 1 by nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary oxide precursor and lithium compound:1.03 ~ 1.2, it is fully mixed After closing grinding, roasted in air atmosphere, be cooled to the tertiary cathode material that particle size and morphology controllable are made after room temperature Expect LinNixCoyMnzO2
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that:Step(1)The nickel salt is nickel sulfate, nickel formate, acetic acid One or more of nickel, nickel chloride and nickel nitrate;The cobalt salt is in cobaltous sulfate, cobaltous formate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride and cobalt nitrate More than one;The manganese salt is one or more of manganese sulfate, formic acid manganese, manganese acetate, manganese chloride and manganese nitrate;It is described organic Solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, propane diols, phenmethylol, benzyl carbinol, dimethyl formyl One or more of amine, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), oleic acid and oleyl amine;The surfactant is cetyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium, gathers Vinylpyrrolidone, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, lauryl sodium sulfate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oleic acid One or more of sodium, sapn and tween;The hydrolysis auxiliary agent is ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, oxalic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, urine In element, ammonium formate, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, methenamine and ammonium fluoride More than one.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that:Step(2)Transition metal ions total soluble matters in mixed solution C For 0.002 ~ 0.2mol/L;The metal ion is Ni2+、Co2+And Mn2+;Surface-active additive amount is 1g/L ~ 20g/L;Hydrolysis Additive dosage is 0.5 times ~ 20 times of the amount of metal ion total material;Deionized water accounts for the 0 ~ 100% of mixed solution C volume.
5. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that:Step(3)In, it is described roasting heating rate for 0.5 ~ 5 DEG C/ Min, calcination temperature are 200 ~ 600 DEG C, and roasting time is 4 ~ 10h.
6. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that:Step(4)The lithium compound for lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, One kind of lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate.
7. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, step(4)In, it is described roasting heating rate for 0.5 ~ 5 DEG C/ Min, calcination temperature are 700 ~ 900 DEG C, when roasting time is 8 ~ 18 small.
CN201711050152.2A 2017-10-31 2017-10-31 A kind of solvent-thermal method prepares tertiary cathode material and preparation method thereof Pending CN107959022A (en)

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Application publication date: 20180424