CN1089031A - The measuring method of heterogeneous gas-solid rolling particles concentration and speed and probe - Google Patents
The measuring method of heterogeneous gas-solid rolling particles concentration and speed and probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN1089031A CN1089031A CN 92114912 CN92114912A CN1089031A CN 1089031 A CN1089031 A CN 1089031A CN 92114912 CN92114912 CN 92114912 CN 92114912 A CN92114912 A CN 92114912A CN 1089031 A CN1089031 A CN 1089031A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method and probe of measuring heterogeneous gas-solid rolling middle particle concentration and speed.Its main points are to realize the localization and the linearization of granule density measurement by the measurement volumes of the optical fiber probe end of restriction measurement granule density, by measuring instantaneous granule density and dynamic pressure simultaneously, obtain instantaneous particle true velocity, then it is carried out the concentration weighted mean and obtain particle average velocity.Measuring method that the present invention proposes and probe sets concentration and velocity survey are in one, simple in structure, to demarcate convenient, solved demarcation in the measurement of concetration and the mean value problem in the velocity survey, can be used for fields such as oil, chemical industry, metallurgy, the energy, environment and material.
Description
The invention belongs to the Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid measuring technique, relate to a kind of method and the probe that can measure inhomogeneous Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid middle particle concentration and speed simultaneously, this probe has linear response to granule density, can measure instantaneous granule density and instantaneous particle truly reaches superficial velocity, obtain particle speed mean value by instantaneous particle true velocity being carried out the concentration weighted mean or superficial velocity directly being carried out time average, can be applicable to fields such as oil, chemical industry, metallurgy, the energy, environment and material.
Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid is one of important operation mode in material conversion, energy utilization and the environmental protection process; it is characterized by and both have local unevenness (show as the gentle flow point of particle do not assemble form rare, close two-phase), have whole unevenness (showing as the uneven distribution of radial and axial granule density) again.The uneven fluidal texture of this height is very big to the reactor performance influence, therefore control for scientific research and industrial process, measuring this heterogeneous texture is a very important job, and the measurement of its middle particle concentration and speed is two important contents of this work.
Yet, because the existence of rare close two phase structure, surveying work are extremely complicated, although many researchers are engaged in this work, still can not find at present the rational method (R.A.Williams that measures particle speed and concentration, C.G.Xie, F.J.Dickin, S.J.R.Simons and M.S.Beck, Powder Technology, Vol.66, p.203(1991)), its reason is the difficulty of following two aspects:
1. Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid uniformly is non-existent (when especially granule density is higher), and existing probe all is non-linear, so the demarcation that granule density is measured is very difficult.
2. in a certain part of system, rare, close two-phase is alternate in time, therefore, at first will measure instantaneous particle speed, tries to achieve its time mean value again, and instantaneous velocity continuously directly measurement is very difficult, the asking for and have a lot of objections of its time mean value.
At present, existing particle speed measuring method mainly contains cross-correlation method, laser Doppler method, momentum method and sampling method etc.Although can being similar to, cross-correlation method obtains some instantaneous particle speed (mainly being poly-group speed), but be difficult to the transient change of continuous coverage particle speed, laser Doppler method is applicable to very rare flowing, and present momentum method and sampling method are also had to the time average signal.
Existing granule density measuring method mainly contains: optical Fiber Method, X ray, gamma-rays, sampling etc., except that optical Fiber Method can be carried out part and the transient measurement, other is time average and whole the measurement, and existing optical fiber probe is mostly owing to there is unlimited measurement volumes (Krohn., D.A., SPIE Vol.718, Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors IV, p.122(1986)) be difficult to realize localization and linearization, be difficult to demarcate.
Forefathers pay attention to the demarcation of probe in granule density is measured, do not propose to solve by the designing probe structure scheme of demarcation.In particle speed was measured, forefathers used direct time averaging method or ask for average velocity by mean concentration and average dynamic pressure.The analysis showed that these two kinds of methods are actually infeasible.
The objective of the invention is to: propose a kind of method and the probe that can measure instantaneous granule density and speed simultaneously, make measurement of concetration linearization and localization, overcome in the present particle speed measurement and directly carry out the error that the true velocity time average brings, obtain correct particle average velocity by the weighting time average by instantaneous concentration and instantaneous velocity.
In order to realize this purpose, the present invention measures the measurement volumes of middle probe end by dwindling granule density, makes probe only accept the endocorpuscular reflected light of this limited bulk, satisfies the requirement of localization.Utilize the characteristics of gas-solid system two phase structure, realize the linearization of measuring by localization.Another key of the present invention is to measure the instantaneous granule density and the dynamic pressure of a certain part simultaneously, thereby obtains instantaneous particle true velocity or superficial velocity, then true velocity is carried out the concentration weighted mean and obtains particle average velocity.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a combined probe structural drawing of the present invention, wherein: (1) incident optical; (2) mirror based fiber optica; (3) optical fiber intersecting angle positioning head; (4) fixture; (5) optical glass; (6) overcoat; (7) force-summing element 1; (8) force-summing element 2 Fig. 2 are for measuring the optical fiber probe principle schematic of granule density, wherein: (1) incident light; (2) light transmitting fiber; (3) optical glass; (4) measurement volumes; (5) reverberation; (6) reflected light
Fig. 3 is the comparison that the present invention and conventional fiber probe (two optical fiber are arranged in parallel, i.e. β=0) respond granule density, and wherein: (1) conventional fiber probe is to the response of granule density; (2) probe of the present invention is to the response of granule density
Fig. 4 is the response signal of combined probe of the present invention to granule density and dynamic pressure, and wherein: (1) probe is to the transient response of granule density; (2) probe is to the transient response of particle dynamic pressure
Fig. 5 is instantaneous particle true velocity and the superficial velocity that is transformed by Fig. 4 signal, wherein: (1) instantaneous particle superficial velocity; (2) instantaneous particle true velocity
Fig. 6 is with the vertical gas fixed double phase flow system's middle particle concentration of combined probe measurement of the present invention and the radial distribution of particle average velocity, wherein: the direct time average gained of (1) particle true velocity radial distribution; (2) particle true velocity concentration weighting time average gained radial distribution
Further specify principle of the present invention and embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Granule fluid two-phase stream is by rare close two phase compositions, the waveform of granule density and velocity variations such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5.
For measurement of concetration, its time mean value is:
Wherein,
: average void fraction; ∈
C: the concentrated phase voidage; ∈
f: the dilute phase voidage; F: concentrated phase percent by volume.The time average of corresponding signal:
Y＝Y
cf+Y
f（1-f）
Wherein, Y: optical fiber probe output signal mean value; Y
c: the output signal of the corresponding concentrated phase of optical fiber probe; Y
f: the output signal of the corresponding dilute phase of optical fiber probe.Have at probe under the condition of localization, probe is zero to the response of dilute phase (bubble), that is: ∈
f=1.0 o'clock, Y
f=0., can push away:
For Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid, ∈
cCan regard constant as, so Y
cIt also is constant.This shows that if probe has good locality, the time average of mean concentration and signal output should be linear.For this reason, the present invention is by being devoted to design the locality that very little measurement volumes realizes probe, thereby solved the demarcation problem, realizes linear measurement.
As previously mentioned, in particle speed was measured, general method was that true particle speed is as shown in Figure 5 carried out time average, promptly
Wherein, V '
d: the direct time average of particle true velocity; T: integral time; υ
d(t): instantaneous particle true velocity.Yet, like this on average be irrational, because in inhomogeneous system, although particle speed is very high in the dilute phase, numbers of particles seldom, thereby it is also little to the contribution of average velocity, and close middle mutually particle speed is low, but because its number is a lot, very big to the contribution of average velocity, more than directly time average do not consider rare close this difference in mutually, thereby be incorrect.Correct mean value should be considered the weighting of concentration.Yet the particle flow rate is time average directly, that is:
Wherein, G
s: the average grain flow rate; g
s(t): instantaneous particle flow rate; ρ
p: particle density; ∈ (t): instantaneous voidage.Therefore, correct true particle speed mean value is:
Wherein, V
d: particle true velocity concentration time-weighted average.Obviously, V
d≠ V '
dThat is to say that the mean value of correct particle speed should be considered the weighting of concentration.For this reason, the present invention is weighted on average then by measuring instantaneous granule density and speed simultaneously, or superficial velocity is carried out the mean value that time average is measured particle speed.
Use fixture (4) fixedly incident optical (1) and mirror based fiber optica (2) in Fig. 1 middle probe overcoat (6), with optical fiber intersecting angle positioning head (3) the fixedly incident light and the catoptrical angle of cut, force-summing element (7) and force-summing element (8) are separately fixed at the optical fiber probe front end, and optical glass (5) is fixed on the front end of optical fiber probe overcoat.Incident optical and mirror based fiber optica can be single, the also fibre bundle of many compositions, and the optical fiber of transmission incident light and the catoptrical optical fiber of transmission form the angle of cut of catching the angle greater than it.The incident light and the catoptrical angle of cut can also can realize that the linearity of measurement depends on the size of measurement volumes by any means such as additional optical components that can change two optical fiber seizure overlapping region, angle size by adjusting the geometric angle of two optical fiber; Force-summing element can be anyly to have certain response frequency and can experience the sensor of particle dynamic pressure such as ess-strain sheet, piezoelectric crystal, micro pressure sensor etc. continuously.
By (1) and (2) is the optical fiber probe of main body, the very little (see figure 2) in the overlapping region at the seizure angle of two optical fiber (being measurement volumes), very the signal of zonule can be by probe response to have only this, so realized the compartmentalization measurement, the degree of localization depends on the length l of measurement volumes
Max(seeing that Fig. 2 defines).
By as can be known aforementioned, the probe of localization is linear response to granule density, and Fig. 3 is the comparison that the present invention and conventional fiber probe (two optical fiber are arranged in parallel, i.e. β=0) respond granule density, and visible the present invention approaches linear response.Therefore, the response relation of its signal and granule density can be determined by the signal when measuring minimum fluidized state and pure air respectively.And the conventional probe that is arranged in parallel is the height nonlinear response.
When optical fiber probe was to the granule density response, two force-summing elements responded to the particle dynamic pressure, the particle that (8) response moves upward among Fig. 1, the particle that (7) response moves downward.Therefore can obtain the variable signal of instantaneous particle dynamic pressure, the available pitot tube of the relation between dynamic pressure and the signal is demarcated in single-phase air-flow.Fig. 4 is the typical case of measurement result, according to instantaneous granule density among Fig. 4 and instantaneous particle dynamic pressure, can calculate instantaneous particle true velocity and superficial velocity by following formula:
Wherein, υ
d(t): instantaneous particle true velocity; μ
d(t): instantaneous particle superficial velocity; P(t): instantaneous particle dynamic pressure.The result as shown in Figure 5.Adopting two kinds of methods average to the gained velocity wave form, is 0.61m/s with direct time average gained speed, and the concentration weighted mean then obtains 0.37m/s, illustrates that direct time average is irrational.Voidage (6-a) and the particle average velocity radial distribution (6-b) of Fig. 6 in fast fluidized bed, measuring, marked the particle average velocity that calculates with direct time averaging method among the figure simultaneously, obviously, directly the particle speed and the concentration weighted mean value difference that obtain of time averaging method is very big.
The present invention and existing measuring method relatively have the following advantages:
1. can measure simultaneously granule density and speed, both can obtain instantaneous value, can obtain mean value again;
2. measurement of concetration has been realized localization and linearization, has simplified calibration process, and velocity survey has realized instantaneousization, and this is very important for research and understanding fluidal texture;
3. the particle average velocity that is correctly reflected actual conditions has been corrected direct time averaging mistake in the conventional method.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method of measuring heterogeneous gas-solid rolling middle particle concentration and speed simultaneously.It is characterized in that measuring the measurement volumes of the optical fiber probe end of granule density, realize the localization and the linearization of measurement of concetration by restriction; With instantaneous concentration and dynamic pressure, obtain instantaneous particle true velocity then, and it is carried out concentration weighting time average ask for the average true velocity of particle or the direct time average of superficial velocity is obtained particle average apparent speed by measuring particle simultaneously.
2,, it is characterized in that the incident optical of the light transmitting fiber probe by adjust measuring granule density and the mirror based fiber optica angle of cut or catch the means (as additional optical components) of overlapping region, angle size and limit measurement volumes by any two optical fiber that can change according to the probe of the described method of claim 1; Measure the instantaneous dynamic pressure of local granule by sensor element.The array mode of probe is: use fixture (4) fixedly incident optical (1) and mirror based fiber optica (2) in the probe overcoat (6), with optical fiber intersecting angle positioning head (3) the fixedly incident light and the catoptrical angle of cut, force-summing element (7) and force-summing element (8) are separately fixed at the optical fiber probe front end, and optical glass (5) is fixed on the front end of optical fiber probe overcoat.
3,, it is characterized in that employed incident optical and mirror based fiber optica can be single, also the fibre bundle of many compositions by the described probe of claim 2; The optical fiber of transmission incident light and the catoptrical optical fiber of transmission form the angle of cut of catching the angle greater than it; Force-summing element can be anyly to have certain response frequency and can experience the sensor of particle dynamic pressure such as ess-strain sheet, piezoelectric crystal, micro pressure sensor etc. continuously.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114912 CN1039748C (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Method and probe for measuring concentration and velocity of heterogeneous gas-solid rolling particles |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114912 CN1039748C (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Method and probe for measuring concentration and velocity of heterogeneous gas-solid rolling particles |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1089031A true CN1089031A (en) | 1994-07-06 |
| CN1039748C CN1039748C (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114912 Expired - Fee Related CN1039748C (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | Method and probe for measuring concentration and velocity of heterogeneous gas-solid rolling particles |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1093922C (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2002-11-06 | 大金工业株式会社 | Axial fan |
| CN101876663B (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2012-02-01 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for measuring speed and acceleration of two-phase flow particle cluster |
| CN102628734A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device for measuring two-phase flow local interface parameter through optical probe method |
| CN102928026A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method of obtaining integrated transient void fraction by utilizing local transient void fraction |
| CN105548607A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 东南大学 | Probe of measuring gas-solid two-phase flow particle slip velocity and measurement method |
| CN106226205A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-14 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of transition microbubble plume observation device and observation procedure |
| CN108106973A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method for measuring saturation granule medium stress and displacement simultaneously based on transparent photoelastic material |
| CN117705665A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical fiber probe, measuring device and measuring method for capturing concentration change of jet flow particles |
| CN117705665B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical fiber probe, measuring device and measuring method for capturing concentration change of jet flow particles |
-
1992
- 1992-12-28 CN CN 92114912 patent/CN1039748C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1093922C (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2002-11-06 | 大金工业株式会社 | Axial fan |
| CN101876663B (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2012-02-01 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for measuring speed and acceleration of two-phase flow particle cluster |
| CN102628734A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device for measuring two-phase flow local interface parameter through optical probe method |
| CN102928026A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method of obtaining integrated transient void fraction by utilizing local transient void fraction |
| CN105548607A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 东南大学 | Probe of measuring gas-solid two-phase flow particle slip velocity and measurement method |
| CN105548607B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-11-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of probe and measurement method measuring Gas-solid Two-phase Flow grain slide speed |
| CN106226205A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-14 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of transition microbubble plume observation device and observation procedure |
| CN108106973A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method for measuring saturation granule medium stress and displacement simultaneously based on transparent photoelastic material |
| CN117705665A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical fiber probe, measuring device and measuring method for capturing concentration change of jet flow particles |
| CN117705665B (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-04-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical fiber probe, measuring device and measuring method for capturing concentration change of jet flow particles |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1039748C (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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