CN108902152B

CN108902152B - Nicotine sustained release agent and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108902152B
Application number: CN201810949601.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张茂新; 赵晓峰; 刘欢; 陈杰华; 金丰良
Original assignee: South China Agricultural University
Current assignee: South China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-08-20
Filing date: 2018-08-20
Publication date: 2020-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-20
Also published as: CN108902152A

Abstract

The invention discloses a nicotine sustained-release agent and a preparation method thereof. The nicotine sustained release agent comprises a degradable sustained release ball and a repellent loaded in the degradable sustained release ball, wherein the repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of 90% nicotine, 150 parts of wheat flour, 4-10 parts of high-fat membrane and 500 parts of water. The nicotine sustained-release agent has good avoiding effect on rice pests such as sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper and rice leaf roller, can control the slow release speed of nicotine, and enables the nicotine to play the avoiding effect stably; and the preparation and the use are simple and convenient, the environment is not polluted, the cost is low, the repellent effect is good, the pesticide can be applied to the technical field of agricultural production, is particularly suitable for being used in the pollution-free production of rice, and has great commercial value.

Description

Nicotine sustained release agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides, and particularly relates to a nicotine sustained-release agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in China, the types of rice pests are many and serious, and numerous researches show that continuous application of chemical pesticides can cause the rice pests to generate drug resistance, so that along with higher and higher demand of people on food safety and advocation of strengthening the protection of the environment, the control of the plant diseases and insect pests slowly tends to take agricultural control and biological control as main parts and chemical control as auxiliary parts nowadays. Therefore, the technology for preventing and controlling the rice pests by using the ecological pest control method is inevitably a development trend in the future.

Rice is damaged by various pests such as Sogatella furcifera (Horv th) and Nilaparvata lugens (Nilaparvata lugens) of brown planthopper

Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee), Sciphora trifoliata Scrpophhaga incertulas (Walker), Chilo suppersalis (Walker), and the like. In recent years, plant-derived active insecticidal substances based on the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites have been frequently reported (berger, 2013; Patcharaporn, 2010), revealing that plant secondary organisms have significant biological activity against pests, such as rotenone, matrine, pyrethrin, nicotine, and the like, which have already begun to be commercially produced (jiaming hui et al, 2012; churvin, 2013). By planting non-host plants with contact killing and repellent activities, the occurrence of crop pests can be controlled to a certain extent. Nicotine is a kind of alkaloid generated in the growth and development process of tobacco, and has high insecticidal activity and effects of fumigation, stomach toxicity, contact killing, egg killing and the like (in the case of ambitious et al, 2009). Research shows that (Wu Qiongmei, 2009) tobacco intercropping has certain control effect on rice field sogatella furcifera and rice leaf roller, improves the capability of controlling pests by spiders and parasitic natural enemies, and particularly has synergistic effect on the control of sogatella furcifera and rice leaf roller.

Therefore, the tobacco and the active component nicotine thereof are reasonably applied to prepare proper formulations of the insecticide and the repellent, thereby providing scientific basis for ecologically preventing and controlling rice fields and scientifically protecting natural enemies; it will also be used in the pollution-free production of rice, and has wide economic, social and ecological benefits.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a nicotine sustained-release agent and a preparation method thereof.

The repellent activity of tobacco and nicotine to rice planthopper is verified through Y-type olfactometer and cage method tests, and the optimal active concentration of nicotine is found out; through the optimization of a formula process, the nicotine slow-release agent for preventing and treating rice pests, which has the advantages of large drug-loading rate, good slow-release performance, long duration and environmental friendliness, and the preparation method thereof are provided.

The repellent activity of the tobacco is verified through a Y-type olfactometer determination test; then, determining the optimum concentration of the repellent of the nicotine to the rice pests by using a cage test method; then the nicotine with the optimal concentration is used as the main active ingredient to prepare the sustained release agent and is verified in field experiments.

The invention provides a nicotine sustained-release agent, which comprises a degradable sustained-release ball and a repellent loaded in the degradable sustained-release ball, wherein the repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of 90% nicotine, 150 parts of wheat flour, 4-10 parts of high-fat membrane and 500 parts of water.

Preferably, the repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of 90% nicotine, 150 parts of wheat flour, 4 parts of high-fat film and 400 parts of water.

Preferably, the degradable slow-release ball consists of an upper half shell and a lower half shell, the upper half shell is provided with a hole for tying a rope, and the repellent is loaded in the lower half shell; in the using state, the upper half shell and the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball are sealed and closed, and the bottom of the lower half shell is provided with a proper amount of small holes which are pricked by an anatomical needle and used for regulating the release of the repellent agent.

Preferably, the degradable slow-release ball is made of corn starch, the inner diameter of the ball is 3.0cm, the outer diameter of the ball is 3.4cm, and the wall thickness of the ball is 0.2 cm.

The main active ingredient nicotine is a kind of alkaloid generated in the growth and development process of tobacco, has higher insecticidal activity and has the effects of fumigating, stomach poisoning, contact killing, egg killing and the like; the wheat flour mainly plays roles in emulsification and fixation; the high-fat film is a high-density protective film, wraps the surface of the mixture, can automatically form a layer of invisible macromolecular protective film, is beneficial to the slow release of the nicotine drug effect, is also a good plant surface protective film, is dissolved in water and contacts the surface of the rice, can automatically form a layer of invisible macromolecular protective film, is beneficial to the water absorption, air permeability and light transmission quality of the rice, and plays a role in protecting the rice; in addition, the high-fat membrane can reduce pesticide toxin and improve the application effect of the pesticide or the fertilizer. When the nicotine slow-release agent is applied, a plurality of small holes are dissected and pricked by a needle on the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release sphere, and the nicotine is slowly released from the small holes after a period of time, thereby playing the function of avoiding pests. Nicotine, wheat flour and high lipid films all dissolve well in water.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a nicotine sustained-release agent, which comprises the following steps:

uniformly mixing the components of the repellent to prepare cream; then the cream is arranged in the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball, and the upper half shell of the degradable slow-release ball is covered to obtain the nicotine slow-release agent.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the nicotine slow-release agent in preventing and controlling rice pests.

Preferably, the rice pests are sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper and rice leaf roller.

Preferably, the usage amount of the nicotine slow-release agent is 60-75 nicotine slow-release agent balls per mu of paddy field, and each nicotine slow-release agent ball contains 8-10g of the repellent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

(1) the sustained release agent of the invention has the advantages that:

1) the slow release agent is prepared by mixing nicotine and a high fat membrane, is filled in degradable pellets, is environment-friendly and safe for people and livestock;

2) has two functions of protection and insect expelling;

3) low cost and high repellent efficiency; compared with the similar products of nicotine emulsifiable concentrate and azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate, the repellent effect of the nicotine sustained release agent on sogatella furcifera is better, the lasting period is longer, and the lasting period is as long as 20 days;

4) the preparation method is simple and the use is convenient.

(2) The slow release agent has the following effects:

the sustained release agent comprises the degradable sustained release balls and the repellent agent which is loaded in the degradable sustained release balls and is prepared by nicotine, is safe and harmless to rice seedlings, and has a repellent effect on brown planthoppers and sogatella furcifera, so that the harm and the population quantity of the brown planthoppers and the sogatella furcifera are effectively reduced.

The nicotine sustained release agent has wide industrialization prospect, is particularly suitable for being used in rice pollution-free production due to simple and convenient preparation method and use method, and has wide economic, social and ecological benefits.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a nicotine release agent;

FIG. 2 is a field application state of a nicotine release agent;

FIG. 3 is an evasion effect of nicotine release on Aleuritopteris laevis of early rice;

FIG. 4 shows the repellent effect of nicotine release on Nilaparvata lugens;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of a nicotine release agent on rice leaf rolling;

FIG. 6 is the effect of nicotine release on the incidence of oral decline of early rice;

FIG. 7 shows the repellent effect of different agents on rice field sogatella furcifera.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

The experimental methods not specifically mentioned in the following examples can be carried out according to conventional methods or according to the instructions of manufacturers of the products used; the materials, reagents and the like used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The 90% nicotine used in the examples below was purchased from Hubei and Noo bioengineering, Inc.

The degradable slow-release ball is purchased from the institute of agricultural modernization comprehensive technology of Jilin agriculture university, is made of corn starch material, is a spherical capsule shell and is divided into an upper half shell and a lower half shell, and a hole is formed in the upper half shell and is used for tying a rope; the inner diameter of the ball is 3.0cm, the outer diameter is 3.4cm, and the wall thickness is 0.2 cm.

Example 1

Prevention effect of tobacco on brown planthopper and sogatella furcifera

Test method-determination by Y-type olfactometer: the test was carried out using a Y-type olfactometer (olfactometer arm length 15cm, inner diameter 2cm, included angle of two arms 90 °, handle length 15cm), and the air flow velocity in the two arm tubes was adjusted to 600 mL/min. The insect source is captured in Zhangcun rice base in the new meeting area, sogatella furcifera (brown planthopper) is selected for testing, 30 heads are grouped, put in one by one, repeated for 3 times, and tested for 90 heads in total. After 20min the selected worm number of both arms was observed and recorded. The selection arm is selected when the arm enters more than 10cm and stays for more than 30s, and the rest are unselected. After each 10-head test, the Y-arm was wiped with absolute alcohol and the odor source arm was exchanged once. The selected number of sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper was recorded and the results are shown in table 1 and table 2, respectively.

TABLE 1 repellent effect of tobacco to sogatella furcifera (Y type olfactometer)

Note: data in the same row in the table (mean ± sem) followed by the same letter indicates no significant difference by SPSS T test (P < 0.05).

TABLE 2 tobacco repellent effect against brown planthopper (Y type olfactometer)

In the treatment 1, the group A is rice, the group B is blank, and the number of the group A selected by sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper is obviously higher than that of the group B selected by sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper; in the treatment 2, the group A is tobacco, the group B is blank, and the quantity of the group A selected by the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper is obviously lower than that of the group B selected by the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper, so that the rice has a certain attraction effect on the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper, and the tobacco has a certain avoiding effect on the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper. In the treatment 3, the group A is tobacco and rice, the group B is rice, and the number of the group A selected from sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper is obviously lower than that of the group B selected from the group A, which indicates that the tobacco has a repellent effect on the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper. Compared with the selection of the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper on the tobacco, no obvious difference is found, but the tobacco can be found to have stronger avoiding effect on the sogatella furcifera. The results of the Y-type olfactometer show that the selection rates of the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper to the tobacco and rice group are respectively 21.00% and 32.33%; the selectivity is obviously lower than 49.00 percent of the control group of 'rice'.

Second, the avoiding effect of nicotine with different concentrations on brown planthopper and sogatella furcifera

Test method-cage test method: two flowerpots with the diameter of 35cm and the height of 40cm are placed in a No. 1-5 cage (60 multiplied by 60cm), and 20 rice plants with the height of 30cm are transplanted in each pot; one pot is soaked in nicotine for 7 days at the concentration of 25ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100ppm and 125ppm respectively, the other pot of rice is used as a control, 40 heads of sogatella furcifera are placed for selection, the number of sogatella furcifera (brown planthopper) on two plants of rice in No. 1-5 cages is investigated and recorded every 6 hours until the number of the sogatella furcifera (brown planthopper) is not changed, and the experiment is repeated for 3 times; the results are shown in tables 3 and 4, respectively.

TABLE 3 repellent effect of nicotine on Sogatella furcifera at different concentrations

Note: in the table, lower case letters with the same row after data (mean ± sem) in the same row indicate no significant difference by SPSS T test (P <0.05), upper case letters with the same column indicate no difference for multiple comparisons.

TABLE 4 repellent effect of nicotine on Nilaparvata lugens at different concentrations

In the

treatments

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the group A is rice soaked by nicotine with different concentrations (nicotine treatment), the group B is normal rice (control), and the quantity of the group A selected by the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthoppers is obviously lower than that of the group B selected by the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthoppers, so that the nicotine has a repelling effect on the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthoppers; and with the increase of the nicotine treatment concentration, the selectivity of the group A of sogatella furcifera and brown planthoppers is gradually reduced, which shows that high-concentration nicotine has stronger repellent effect. Compared with the selection of nicotine by the sogatella furcifera and the Nilaparvata lugens, no obvious difference is found, but the nicotine has stronger avoiding effect on the sogatella furcifera under the same concentration. In addition, 100ppm of nicotine treated by 4 and 125ppm of nicotine treated by 5 have no obvious difference and show strong repellent effect, and 100ppm of nicotine is selected as the optimal concentration of nicotine in consideration of economy, and at the moment, the selection rates of sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper on the treatment groups are respectively 17.50% and 20.00%; significantly lower than 77.50% selectivity of the control group.

Preparation method and use method of nicotine sustained release agent

The repellent for rice pests comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of 90% nicotine, 150 parts of wheat flour, 4 parts of high-fat film and 400 parts of water. Nicotine, wheat flour and high lipid films all dissolve well in water. Stirring the above materials, mixing, emulsifying, homogenizing, and making into cream to obtain the repellent. The obtained repellent is filled in the degradable sustained-release ball to obtain the nicotine sustained-release agent.

The preparation method of the nicotine sustained-release agent specifically comprises the following steps:

a) hydrolysis to prepare active nicotine: respectively weighing 40 parts of 90% nicotine in a beaker 1, and adding 380-parts of water for dissolving;

b) dissolving a high fat membrane: weighing 4 parts of high fat membrane in another beaker 2, adding 20 parts of water for dissolving to prepare a high fat membrane solution;

c) adding 150 parts of wheat flour into the beaker 1, and stirring with a glass rod while adding until the solution becomes cream;

d) adding the high fat membrane solution in the beaker 2 obtained in the step b) into the beaker 1 obtained in the step c), and uniformly mixing to obtain the repellent;

e) scraping the repellent into the lower half shell of the degradable sustained-release sphere by using a weighing spoon, filling the lower half shell into each sphere (about 8-10g of the repellent in each sphere), and covering the upper half shell to obtain the nicotine sustained-release preparation (as shown in figure 1).

After the repellent agent is loaded in the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball, the upper half shell is light, and the lower half shell is heavy. In the using state, the upper half shell and the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball are sealed. Before the application in the field, a proper amount of small holes are pricked at the bottom of the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball by using a dissecting needle, and the number of the small holes can be adjusted so as to adjust the release of the nicotine repellent; the upper half shell is provided with a hole for tying rope and releasing repellent. After application, the nicotine slow-release agent floats on the water surface in the early stage; in the later stage, the upper half shell hole can release the nicotine repellent.

The use method of the nicotine sustained-release agent comprises the following specific steps:

when the sustained-release nicotine suspension is applied in the field, the application method is convenient, and the sustained-release nicotine suspension is thrown into the rice field only by uniformly pricking 8 small holes at the bottom of the lower half shell of the degradable sustained-release balloon filled with the repellent cream by using a dissecting needle before application. The nicotine is slowly released from the small holes after a period of time, and the repellent function is achieved.

The application method may be specifically determined depending on the field conditions:

a) tying three degradable pellets together to form a small group (as shown in the left side of figure 2), throwing the small balls into a paddy field, wherein the throwing distance is 2-3 meters, and each mu is 20-25 small groups;

b) ten degradable pellets are tied together to form a large group, and the large group is tied beside a paddy field at intervals of 5-7 meters, so that the rice planthoppers in the adjacent fields are prohibited;

c) for field plot that cannot be grouped, one or two pellets may be thrown in (as shown on the right of fig. 2).

Fourth, the field repellent effect of the nicotine sustained release agent

The test was carried out in Zhang village of Daze town of Jiangmen city, Guangdong province in 2017 for 5 months (the test is kept secret to the outside), and the area of the test field is 10000m²(about 15 mu). The field provided with the nicotine sustained-release agent and the control field are both 3 mu. In the field treatment group of the nicotine sustained-release agent, the application amount converted into the active ingredient nicotine is 36g nicotine/mu. The conditions of water and fertilizer are the same except that the nicotine slow release agent is not thrown in the control field. The number of sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper and rice leaf curl were investigated in the nicotine release agent field and the control field on the day of treatment (0d) and thereafter at

days

10, 22 and 33 by taking 5-point samples by pan-patting and each point investigating 5X 4 clumps for a total of 100 clumps. Transplanting the rice plants along the dishWhen the plants reached the basal part, the plants were swiftly flapped, and the numbers of the sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper and rice leaf roll were recorded in detail, and the results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, respectively, and the number of the budworms and the number of the budleaf roll were calculated, and the results are shown in FIG. 6. The oral cavity decline rate (%) (pre-control insect quantity-post-control insect quantity)/pre-control insect quantity x 100.

After the nicotine sustained-release agent is thrown into the field, the number of the practilagopus albidus (first/hundred plants of rice), the number of the brown planthopper (first/hundred plants of rice) and the number of the leaf curl (pieces/hundred plants of rice) in the field are all lower than those in a control field, so that the nicotine sustained-release agent has a repellent effect on the practilagopus albidus, the brown planthopper and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis. In the whole treatment and investigation period, the number of the insect population in the nicotine slow-release agent paddy field is lower than that in the control field, which shows that the lasting period of the aversion effect of the nicotine slow-release agent is long. As can be seen from figure 6, the population reduction rate of the nicotine sustained-release agent to the sogatella furcifera is 30.80-42.86%, the population reduction rate to the brown planthopper is 31.83-40.03%, the population reduction rate to the rice leaf roller is 35.69-57.17%, and the nicotine sustained-release agent has good repellent effect to the rice planthopper and the rice leaf roller.

Fifth, the field repellent effect of the nicotine sustained release agent

The test was carried out in Zhang village of Daze town of Jiangmen city, Guangdong province in 2018 for 5 months (the test is kept secret to the outside), and the area of the test field is 10000m²(about 15 mu). Medicament treatment fields are set, and 3 treatments are performed: treatment 1: a nicotine release agent; and (3) treatment 2: 90% nicotine (wherein the application doses of the effective component nicotine in the 90% nicotine treatment group and the nicotine sustained-release agent treatment group in the treatment 2 are respectively 45 g/mu), and the usage of the nicotine sustained-release agent is that 75 pellets are put into each mu of 10g of the repellent, the nicotine content in the repellent is 6%, namely, one pellet contains 0.6g of nicotine, and 45g of nicotine (effective component) is applied to one mu of land); and (3) treatment: azadirachtin emulsion (100 ml/mu of 0.3% azadirachtin emulsion is applied). Every 5d, the application time is recorded, and the investigation date is 5 th, 10 th, 15 th, 20 th and 25 th day after application, and 15 points are investigated every time the control field is treated by clear water, and the investigation date is 3 mu each. The control field is treated by spraying clear water, and the conditions of water and fertilizer are the same as those of the treated field. Investigating the Pedalus albus in the medicament treatment field and the control field every 5 days by adopting a disc shooting method and sampling at 5 pointsEach spot investigated 5 x 4 clumps, for a total of 100 clumps. And (4) inserting the tray along the rice plants to the base part, quickly patting, recording the number of the sogatella furcifera in detail, and calculating the quantity of the insect pests. The results are shown in FIG. 7.

After the nicotine slow release agent is sprayed, the number of the treated field sogatella furcifera (head/hundred plants of rice) is obviously lower than that of the azadirachtin emulsifiable solution treated field, the nicotine emulsifiable solution treated field and the control field. Within 25 days after the pesticide is applied, the number of the Nicotine sustained-release agent in the rice field sogatella furcifera (head/hundred plants of rice) is lower than that in a control field, the duration of the repellent effect of the Nicotine sustained-release agent on the sogatella furcifera is as long as 20 days, which is obviously higher than 10 days of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution and 15 days of Nicotine emulsifiable solution. The nicotine sustained release agent has strong avoiding effect on the white-backed fey lice and longer lasting period.

In conclusion, the nicotine sustained-release agent has the advantages of large drug-loading rate, simple and convenient preparation and use, good sustained-release performance, long lasting period, environmental friendliness and harmlessness, and has great application prospect.

Example 2

The preparation method of the nicotine sustained-release agent is basically the same as that in the third embodiment 1, except that the repellent for rice pests comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of 90% nicotine, 200 parts of wheat flour, 10 parts of high-fat film and 500 parts of water. The repellent prepared from the components is filled in the degradable sustained-release ball to obtain the nicotine sustained-release agent.

The prepared nicotine sustained-release agent is used for field control of rice pests, and has the advantages of good sustained-release performance, long lasting period, environmental friendliness, harmlessness and the like.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of the nicotine sustained-release agent in preventing and controlling rice pests, wherein the rice pests are sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper and rice leaf roller;

the nicotine sustained release agent comprises a degradable sustained release ball and a repellent loaded in the degradable sustained release ball, wherein the repellent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of 90% nicotine, 150 parts of wheat flour, 4 parts of high-fat film and 400 parts of water;

the degradable slow-release ball is made of corn starch and consists of an upper half shell and a lower half shell, the upper half shell is provided with a hole for tying a rope, and a repellent is loaded in the lower half shell; in a use state, the upper half shell and the lower half shell of the degradable slow-release ball are sealed and closed, and the bottom of the lower half shell is provided with a proper amount of small holes which are pricked by an anatomical needle and used for regulating the release of the repellent; the inner diameter of the degradable slow-release ball is 3.0cm, the outer diameter of the degradable slow-release ball is 3.4cm, and the wall thickness of the degradable slow-release ball is 0.2 cm;

the usage amount of the nicotine slow-release agent is 60-75 nicotine slow-release agent balls per mu of paddy field, and each nicotine slow-release agent ball contains 8-10g of repellent.