CN108900228B - Optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale multi-antenna secure communication - Google Patents
Optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale multi-antenna secure communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN108900228B CN108900228B CN201810920900.6A CN201810920900A CN108900228B CN 108900228 B CN108900228 B CN 108900228B CN 201810920900 A CN201810920900 A CN 201810920900A CN 108900228 B CN108900228 B CN 108900228B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W52/267—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the information rate
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- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale antenna secure communication, which is based on a large-scale antenna secure communication system, adopts a base station of a low-precision DAC as a transmitting end, adds pseudo noise in information to interfere an eavesdropper, and adopts a specific pre-coding scheme for the pseudo noise, so that the interference can be generated only on an eavesdropping terminal without causing any influence on a legal user. The invention gives the optimal signal-noise power distribution proportion under the criterion of maximizing the safe transmission rate, namely a pseudo noise power distribution method, thereby effectively improving the energy efficiency of safe transmission. The invention has low computational complexity and has important significance for realizing high-safety wireless communication in a large-scale antenna system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale antenna safety communication, and belongs to the technical field of communication safety.
Background
Privacy of information has been a research hotspot in the field of wireless communications due to the broadcast nature of the radio channel. Traditional secure communication based on keys is mainly implemented at the network layer and the application layer. This type of scheme is based on an important assumption: the calculation power of the eavesdropping terminal is not sufficient to obtain the target information in the absence of the key information. But with the rapid development of computer technology and device computing power, such approaches face significant challenges. In recent years, a physical layer secure communication scheme without a key has attracted much attention. It is worth mentioning that the physical layer secure communication can be combined with the existing high-level private transmission method to realize multi-layer combined secure transmission.
The classic physical layer secure communication network consists of three parts, which are respectively: a transmitting end, a receiving end as a legitimate user, and a receiving end as an eavesdropper. The eavesdropper aims to break the confidential information sent by the base station to the legitimate user. To improve the spectral efficiency of information transmission, the model has been extended to multi-antenna networks. It has been documented that if the transmitting end can obtain the instantaneous channel information of an eavesdropper, a generalized singular value decomposition precoding scheme can approach the capacity of a secure channel at a high signal-to-noise ratio. If the transmitting end only has the statistical information of the wiretap channel, the wiretap can be interfered by artificially adding pseudo noise into the transmitting signal. The pseudo noise is typically designed in the null space of the legitimate user channel and thus does not interfere with the communication of the legitimate user, but consumes energy that would otherwise be used to transmit a useful signal. The power allocation between the useful information and the pseudo noise is a matter of great concern under the condition that the overall transmission power is limited.
Recently, large-scale antenna technology has been recognized as one of the key supporting technologies of the next generation mobile communication system (5G). The large-scale antenna array needs to be configured with hundreds of transmission antennas, beam forming is achieved through the antenna array, and the frequency spectrum and energy efficiency of the system are greatly improved. In downlink transmission, each antenna of the base station needs to be provided with a pair of digital-to-analog conversion units (DACs) for respectively performing digital-to-analog conversion on the real part and the imaginary part of a complex signal. Therefore, the hardware and power consumption costs of the system are rapidly increasing as the number of antennas increases. Since the power consumption of a DAC decreases exponentially with decreasing accuracy, many current studies consider using a low-accuracy DAC to reduce the overall power consumption of the system. At present, various linear precoding schemes using low-precision DACs have been studied and analyzed, including maximum ratio combining, zero forcing, regularized zero forcing precoding, and the like. Obviously, low precision digital-to-analog conversion inevitably leads to transmission rate degradation, which represents a trade-off between power consumption cost and system performance.
The trade-off between the power distribution between the effective information and the pseudo noise, the power consumption cost and the system performance is a difficult problem to be solved urgently nowadays.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a method for configuring optimal pseudo noise power in large-scale antenna secure communication. The method is based on a large-scale antenna security communication system, adopts a base station of a low-precision DAC as a transmitting end, simultaneously serves a plurality of legal users, and simultaneously an eavesdropper exists in a network. The base station adopts a low-precision DAC, simultaneously transmits confidential information to a plurality of users, and adds pseudo noise in the information to interfere an eavesdropper. Given the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, the DAC precision, the number of base station antennas, the number of users and the number of eavesdropper antennas, the invention can quickly determine the optimal power configuration coefficient under the criterion of maximizing the safety capacity, and effectively improve the energy efficiency of safety transmission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for configuring optimal pseudo noise power in large-scale antenna secure communication comprises the following steps:
in a large-scale antenna system, a base station is configured with N transmitting antennas, and each antenna is configured with a low-precision quantized digital-to-analog conversion unit DAC; the base station serves K legal user terminals simultaneously, and each user terminal is provided with a single receiving antenna; an eavesdropper configures M antennas to eavesdrop the signals transmitted to a legal user terminal; wherein K, M, N is a positive integer;
setting the sending power of the base station as P, defining a symbol phi epsilon (0, 1) as a signal-pseudo noise power distribution coefficient, setting the effective signal power sent to a legal user terminal by the base station as PhiP, and setting the power for transmitting pseudo noise as (1-PhiP);
step three, the reachable rate of each user is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein γ represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the system; ρ represents the attenuation factor of the DAC;
step four, the channel capacity of the eavesdropper is calculated according to the following formula:
step five, according to step three and step four, the transmission rate of the legal user safety communication is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein [ x ]]+Represents the function max (x, 0);
step six, optimizing the power distribution coefficient phi under the criterion of maximizing the safe communication transmission rate, namely solving the following optimization problem
Step seven, solving an equation aiming at the optimization problem in the step six
The optimal value of phi is obtained as follows:
step eight, when the downlink signal is transmitted, the coefficient phi is adopted*And carrying out pseudo noise power distribution.
Further, the pseudo noise employs a zero-forcing precoding technique.
Further, the base station applies a multi-user precoding technique to the transmitted effective signals.
Further, the base station applies a zero-forcing precoding technique to the transmitted effective signal.
Further, when the DAC precision is 1-3 bits, the values of ρ are ρ 0.3634,0.1175, 0.03454.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the invention configures the DAC with low precision at the base station end, and can effectively reduce the hardware and power consumption cost of a large-scale antenna communication system.
2) The invention designs the pseudo noise in the null space of the user channel matrix, so that the pseudo noise only interferes the eavesdropping terminal to avoid generating additional interference on legal users.
3) The invention adopts zero-forcing pre-coding to the effective signals, and can eliminate the interference between users.
4) The invention can rapidly determine the optimal signal-noise power configuration coefficient under the criterion of maximizing the safe transmission rate according to the DAC quantization precision, the system signal-to-noise ratio, the number of users, the number of base stations, the number of eavesdropper antennas and the like, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system.
5) The invention has low computational complexity and has important significance for realizing high-safety wireless communication in a large-scale antenna system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a large-scale antenna secure communication network according to the present invention, including a base station, a user, and an eavesdropper.
Fig. 2 shows the safe transmission rate RsecChanges along with the power configuration coefficient phi and the optimal phi calculated by the invention*。
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale multi-antenna secure communication, which comprises the following steps:
step one, as shown in fig. 1, in a large-scale antenna system, a base station configures N transmitting antennas, and each antenna configures a low-precision quantized digital-to-analog conversion unit (DAC); the base station serves K legal user terminals simultaneously, and each user terminal is provided with a single receiving antenna; an eavesdropper configures M antennas to eavesdrop the signals transmitted to a legal user terminal; wherein K, M, N is a positive integer. The base station is used as a sending end, and K users are used as receiving ends.
Setting the transmission power of the base station as P, defining a symbol phi epsilon (0, 1) as a signal-pseudo noise power distribution coefficient, namely representing that the effective signal power sent to a legal user terminal by the base station is phi P and the power for transmitting pseudo noise is (1-phi) P, wherein the pseudo noise adopts a typical zero-forcing precoding technology and is positioned in a zero space of a legal user channel, so that the pseudo noise does not generate any interference to the legal user.
Step three, the reachable rate of each user is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein γ represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the system; p represents an attenuation factor of the DAC, and the value is determined by the quantization precision of the DAC, typical values under a common DAC include 1, 2, and 3 bits of DAC quantization, which correspond to p being 0.3634,0.1175, and 0.03454, respectively;
step four, the channel capacity of the eavesdropper is calculated according to the following formula:
step five, according to step three and step four, the transmission rate of the legal user safety communication is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein [ x ]]+Represents the function max (x, 0);
step six, optimizing the power distribution coefficient phi under the criterion of maximizing the safe communication transmission rate, namely solving the following optimization problem
Step seven, solving an equation aiming at the optimization problem in the step six
The optimal value of phi is obtained as follows:
step eight, when the downlink signal is transmitted, the coefficient phi is adopted*And the pseudo noise power distribution is carried out, so that the system can obtain the optimal safe transmission rate.
As shown in fig. 1, a base station is used as a transmitting end and is configured with N antennas, and each antenna is configured with a low-precision DAC; k users are used as receiving ends, and each user is configured with a single antenna; and the other eavesdropping terminal is provided with M antennae.
When in communication, the DAC precision b is required to be usedDADetermining an attenuation coefficient rho; then, according to the system signal-to-noise ratio gamma, the number N of base station antennas, the number K of users and the number M of wiretapping antennas, the optimal power configuration coefficient phi is calculated according to the formula (5)*(ii) a When transmitting downlink signals, the coefficient phi is adopted*And performing power distribution to obtain the optimal safe transmission rate.
At a transmitting end, effective signals and pseudo noise are respectively pre-coded and then combined to generate a digital signal sequence { x1,x2,…,xN}; then converted into an analog signal sequence { x ] through a low-precision DACq1,xq2,…,xqN}; and finally, transmitting the data by an antenna array through a radio frequency link. At a receiving end, each user independently detects a received signal; while the eavesdropping terminal tries to recover the valid information from the received signal.
To further illustrate the superiority of the method of the present invention, we compared the method of the present invention with conventional numerical calculation methods. The use of FIG. 2 shows the safe transmission rate RsecAs a function of the power allocation coefficient phi. DAC conversion accuracy is bDAThe snr is 0 to 5dB, the number of base station antennas N is 128, the number of users K is 8, and the number of eavesdropping antennas M is 16. As can be seen from the figure, RsecIncreases with increasing phi, but then increases with increasing phiAnd decreases. Obviously, there is an optimal value for the power allocation ratio phi. To verify the present invention, we compared the optimal ratio φ calculated according to the formula of the present invention*(circles in the figure) and phi obtained by numerical method*(cross-reference in the figure). It can be seen that the calculation result of the invention is very accurate, and the calculation complexity is far less than that of the numerical calculation method.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in large-scale antenna secure communication is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in a large-scale antenna system, a base station is configured with N transmitting antennas, and each antenna is configured with a low-precision quantized digital-to-analog conversion unit DAC; the base station serves K legal user terminals simultaneously, and each user terminal is provided with a single receiving antenna; an eavesdropper configures M antennas to eavesdrop the signals transmitted to a legal user terminal; wherein K, M, N is a positive integer;
setting the sending power of the base station as P, defining a symbol phi epsilon (0, 1) as a signal-pseudo noise power distribution coefficient, setting the effective signal power sent to a legal user terminal by the base station as PhiP, and setting the power for transmitting pseudo noise as (1-PhiP);
step three, the reachable rate of each user is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein γ represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the system; ρ represents the attenuation factor of the DAC;
step four, the channel capacity of the eavesdropper is calculated according to the following formula:
step five, according to step three and step four, the transmission rate of the legal user safety communication is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein [ x ]]+Represents the function max (x, 0);
step six, optimizing the power distribution coefficient phi under the criterion of maximizing the safe communication transmission rate, namely solving the following optimization problem
Step seven, solving an equation aiming at the optimization problem in the step six
The optimal value of phi is obtained as follows:
step eight, when the downlink signal is transmitted, the coefficient phi is adopted*And carrying out pseudo noise power distribution.
2. The optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in the large-scale antenna security communication according to claim 1, wherein the pseudo noise is in a null space of a legal user channel, and a zero-forcing precoding technique is adopted.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station employs a multi-user precoding technique for the transmitted effective signals.
4. The optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in the large-scale antenna security communication according to claim 3, wherein the base station applies a zero-forcing precoding technique to the transmitted effective signal.
5. The optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in the large-scale antenna security communication according to claim 1, wherein when the DAC precision is 1-3 bits, the values of p are p 0.3634,0.1175, 0.03454.
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| CN111884691B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | Secure transmission method facing pilot frequency attack in low-precision large-scale antenna system |
| CN112636799B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-08-23 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司丹阳市供电分公司 | Optimal pseudo noise power configuration method in MIMO (multiple input multiple output) safety communication |
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