CN108900091B - 一种基于llc谐振变换器的拓扑结构 - Google Patents

一种基于llc谐振变换器的拓扑结构 Download PDF

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CN108900091B
CN108900091B CN201810734450.1A CN201810734450A CN108900091B CN 108900091 B CN108900091 B CN 108900091B CN 201810734450 A CN201810734450 A CN 201810734450A CN 108900091 B CN108900091 B CN 108900091B
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llc resonant
resonant converter
llc
converter
capacitance
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CN108900091A (zh
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杜贵平
梁光耀
刘源俊
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，属于开关电源的技术领域，其包括上下两个LLC谐振变换器，其中，输入侧上下两个LLC谐振变换器相串联，输出侧上下两个LLC谐振变换器相并联，其中一个LLC谐振变换器输入功率较高，记为C1，而另一个LLC谐振变换器输入功率较低，记为C2。工作时，LLC谐振变换器C1开关频率保持谐振频率不变，以保持工作在最高效率状态下，LLC谐振变换器C2则通过调节开关频率，从而调节输出电压。本发明由于LLC谐振变换器C1始终工作在谐振频率下，提高了变换器的整体效率，适用于高压大功率场合。

Description

一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构
技术领域
本发明涉及开关电源的技术领域，尤其是指一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构。
背景技术
开关电源的软开关技术有效提升了电源的开关频率和效率。其中，其中LLC谐振变换器作为一种无需增加辅助电路即可在全负载范围内实现零电压开通的宽输入范围拓扑，已经得到广泛应用及研究，在中大功率场合中被广泛运用。LLC谐振变换器通过调频调压，当开关频率高于谐振频率时，由于副边整流器二极管无法实现零电流关断(ZCS)，关断损耗提高，从而使整机效率降低；而当开关频率低于谐振频率时，由于在一个周期内，原边存在不向副边传输能量的环流阶段，增加了导通损耗，从而也降低了整机效率。因此，当LLC谐振变换器工作在谐振频率下，整机效率达到最高。然而LLC谐振变换器需要通过调频调压，传统LLC谐振变换器无法一直工作在谐振频率下，从而导致了LLC谐振变换器效率降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提出了一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，该拓扑结构具有大功率、高效率的特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的技术方案为：一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，包括上下两个LLC谐振变换器，分别为第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器，所述第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器的输入侧串联连接，其输出侧并联连接，每个LLC谐振变换器均由输入电容、逆变桥、谐振电感、谐振电容、变压器、全波整流器及输出电容依次相连而成，且所述第一LLC谐振变换器的输入功率比第二LLC谐振变换器的输入功率高；工作时，所述第一LLC谐振变换器的开关频率保持谐振频率不变，即工作在开环状态，以保持工作在最高效率状态下，其中Lr为谐振电感值，Cr为谐振电容值，而所述第二LLC谐振变换器则通过采样反馈电压与参考电压相减得到误差信号，再通过控制器计算得出实时的开关频率，即工作在闭环状态，从而调节两个LLC谐振变换器的整体输出电压。
为了使所述第一LLC谐振变换器的输入功率比第二LLC谐振变换器的输入功率高，所述第一LLC谐振变换器的输入电容容值低于第二LLC谐振变换器的输入电容容值，所述第一LLC谐振变换器的变压器变比大于第二LLC谐振变换器的变压器变比。
为了使所述第一LLC谐振变换器的励磁电流降低从而提高效率，且增大所述第二LLC谐振变换器电压增益范围，所述第一LLC谐振变换器的励磁电感比第二LLC谐振变换器的励磁电感值大。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点与有益效果：
本发明拓扑结构由并列运行的两个LLC谐振变换器组成，使其中输入功率较大的LLC谐振变换器一直工作在谐振频率下，另一个LLC谐振变换器则通过调频调压，从而调节整机输出电压，提高了整机效率及功率，适用于高压大功率场合。
附图说明
图1为本发明拓扑结构示意图。
图2a为相应开关频率下副边整流二极管关断电压及关断电流仿真图之一。
图2b为相应开关频率下副边整流二极管关断电压及关断电流仿真图之二。
图3a为相应开关频率下原边电流及副边电流仿真图之一。
图3b为相应开关频率下原边电流及副边电流仿真图之二。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参见图1所示，本实施例所提供的基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，包括上下两个LLC谐振变换器，分别为第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器，所述第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器的输入侧串联连接，其输出侧并联连接，每个LLC谐振变换器均由输入电容、逆变桥、谐振电感Lr、谐振电容Cr、变压器、全波整流器及输出电容依次相连而成，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1输入功率较高，而所述第二LLC谐振变换器C2输入功率较低；工作时，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的开关频率保持谐振频率不变，即工作在开环状态，以保持工作在最高效率状态下，其中Lr为谐振电感值，Cr为谐振电容值，而所述第二LLC谐振变换器C2则通过采样反馈电压与参考电压相减得到误差信号，再通过控制器计算得出实时的开关频率，即工作在闭环状态，从而调节两个LLC谐振变换器的整体输出电压，即调节整机输出电压。
为了使第一LLC谐振变换器C1输入功率比第二LLC谐振变换器C2输入功率高，第一LLC谐振变换器C1输入电容Ci1容值低于第二LLC谐振变换器C2输入电容Ci2容值，且第一LLC谐振变换器C1变压器变比n1大于第二LLC谐振变换器C2变压器变比n2。
为了使第一LLC谐振变换器C1励磁电流降低从而提高效率，且增大第二LLC谐振变换器C2电压增益范围，第一LLC谐振变换器C1励磁电感Lm1选择较大值，而第二LLC谐振变换器C2励磁电感Lm2选择较小值。
当两个LLC谐振变换器开关频率为谐振频率时，系统效率最高，原因为：如图2a所示，当开关频率等于谐振频率时，LLC谐振变换器副边整流二极管可以实现零电流关断(ZVS)(即整流二极管电流Is由正值变为0时整流二极管正负两端电压Vd等于0)，而如图2b所示，当开关频率大于谐振频率，则LLC谐振变换器副边整流二极管无法实现零电流关断(ZVS)。另一方面，如图3a所示，当开关频率等于谐振频率时，LLC谐振变换器在一个开关周期内，能量由原边传递到副边，无能量环流阶段，而当开关频率小于谐振频率时，如图3b所示，在一个开关周期内，存在一段时间能量只在原边环流而没有传递到副边(即存在一段时间变换器原边电流I1大于0而变换器副边电流I2等于0)，提高了原边开关管导通损耗。
以上所述实施例只为本发明之较佳实施例，并非以此限制本发明的实施范围，故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，其特征在于：包括上下两个LLC谐振变换器，分别为第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器，所述第一LLC谐振变换器和第二LLC谐振变换器的输入侧串联连接，其输出侧并联连接，每个LLC谐振变换器均由输入电容、逆变桥、谐振电感Lr、谐振电容Cr、变压器、全波整流器及输出电容依次相连而成，且所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的输入功率比第二LLC谐振变换器C2的输入功率高；工作时，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的开关频率保持谐振频率不变，即工作在开环状态，以保持工作在最高效率状态下，其中Lr为谐振电感值，Cr为谐振电容值，而所述第二LLC谐振变换器C2则通过采样反馈电压与参考电压相减得到误差信号，再通过控制器计算得出实时的开关频率，即工作在闭环状态，从而调节两个LLC谐振变换器的整体输出电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，其特征在于：为了使所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的输入功率比第二LLC谐振变换器C2的输入功率高，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的输入电容Ci1容值低于第二LLC谐振变换器C2的输入电容Ci2容值，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的变压器变比n1大于第二LLC谐振变换器C2的变压器变比n2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构，其特征在于：为了使所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的励磁电流降低从而提高效率，且增大所述第二LLC谐振变换器C2电压增益范围，所述第一LLC谐振变换器C1的励磁电感Lm1比第二LLC谐振变换器C2的励磁电感Lm2值大。
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