CN108899263B - Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof - Google Patents
Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108899263B CN108899263B CN201810753772.0A CN201810753772A CN108899263B CN 108899263 B CN108899263 B CN 108899263B CN 201810753772 A CN201810753772 A CN 201810753772A CN 108899263 B CN108899263 B CN 108899263B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- plated
- photoelectric effect
- tube
- potassium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
- H01J40/16—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas having photo- emissive cathode, e.g. alkaline photoelectric cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
- H01J40/02—Details
- H01J40/04—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J40/00—Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas
- H01J40/02—Details
- H01J40/04—Electrodes
- H01J40/06—Photo-emissive cathodes
Abstract
The photoelectric effect tube is formed by that a plurality of silver-plated inner pins and a silver-plated inner pin at the inner end of a quartz glass bulb vacuum package fixedly connected with an electronic tube bakelite base in a sealing manner are respectively connected with a plurality of silver ring anodes uniformly distributed on the same circumference in an extending manner through silver-plated electrodes penetrating through a mica sheet and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode positioned in the centers of the silver ring anodes uniformly distributed on the circumference. The test device is that the photoelectric effect tube is arranged in a hidden box which is provided with an incidence hole opposite to a cathode with a potassium silver ball, the hidden box is arranged with a lens, a polaroid and a high-pressure mercury lamp in turn from near to far on an outward light path of the incidence hole, and the outer end of the electronic tube bakelite base which is sealed and fixedly connected with the electronic tube bakelite base and is provided with at least eight silver-plated outer pins corresponding to the at least eight silver-plated inner pins at the vacuum packaging end of the quartz glass bulb is electrically connected with a current display through a microcircuit amplifier. The method has the advantages of being capable of refining numerical characteristics of motion space direction distribution of the target electrode escaping photoelectrons and deeply disclosing a microscopic mechanism of action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the surface of metal in the photoelectric effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photoelectric effect tube, in particular to a two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and a photoelectric effect test device thereof.
Background
In 1887, the german physicist m. hertz discovered accidentally the Photoelectric effect (Photoelectric effect) in the course of studying electromagnetic waves, namely: when incident light of a specific frequency is irradiated on the metal target, a physical phenomenon that charges (free electrons) in the metal target escape from the metal surface. In the physical process of generating the photoelectric effect, free electrons emitted from the metal surface after being irradiated by incident light of a specific frequency are called photoelectrons.
To date, relevant experimental results have demonstrated that: for a specific metal material, the frequency of the incident light wave must be higher than a certain critical value, and the radiated metal surface can emit photoelectrons, and the frequency of the incident light is called the limit (red limit) frequency of the photoelectric effect generated by the metal material. Over one hundred years of repeated experiments have shown that the limiting frequency for the generation of the photoelectric effect depends on the target metal material itself, whereas the initial kinetic energy of the generated photoelectrons in the photoelectric effect depends on the frequency of the incident light wave and is independent of the light intensity of the incident light.
It is these experimental conclusions that have produced a great confusion of classical physics at the end of the 19 th century. Since light waves are a form of electromagnetic waves according to the electromagnetic wave theory and wave theory of maxwell light in the classical physics, the inference from the classical physics is: even if the incident light is weak, as long as the irradiation time of the incident light is long enough, the free electrons in the metal should accumulate enough energy to fly out of the metal surface to form a photon flow by overcoming the binding of atoms.
In 1900, m. planck first proposed the energy quantization expression of incident light E = h ν. In 3 months 1905, einstein in the famous "On a ecological vision center converting the Production and conversion of Light" article, On the basis of the planck quantum hypothesis, first proposed the spatial discontinuity of Light, i.e., the "Light quantum" hypothesis and the photoelectric effect equation: ek = hν - W。
Wherein: ekTo escape the initial kinetic energy of the photoelectrons, hv is the photon energy of the incident light and W is the free electron work function of the metal target. Although Einstein has no microscopic mechanism for interaction of the quantum of light and the free electrons on the surface of the metal anddetails of the physical process, but the photoelectric effect equation similar to the functional principle, which he proposes, successfully explain the experimental data relationship obtained by the photoelectric effect. About ten years later, Millikan further validated the Einstein photoelectric Effect equation with accurate photoelectric Effect experiments and determined the Planck constant.
The kinematic description of the photoelectrons generated by the photoelectric effect in the explanation of the photoelectric effect is limited only to: the emitting direction of photoelectrons is not completely directional, but most of the photoelectrons are emitted perpendicular to the metal surface, and the photoelectrons are irrelevant to the illumination direction, light is electromagnetic wave, but the light is orthogonal electromagnetic field with high-frequency oscillation, the amplitude is small, and the emission direction of the photoelectrons cannot be influenced.
The latest application of photoelectron detection technology for photoelectric effect is Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy). In order to determine the photoelectron spectrum in an experiment, electrons in a sample to be irradiated (generally, a nonmetal or semiconductor material) are excited into vacuum by a beam with photon energy h ν higher than the work function of the sample, and the energy distribution of the electrons is determined by an energy analyzer.
The assumption of the photons of einstein has made great success in the interpretation of the experimental measurement data of the photoelectric effect, which was won by einstein in 1921 by the nobel prize of physics; on the other hand, einstein does not give a clear description of the microscopic mechanism of interaction between incident photons and free electrons in metals during the entire photoelectric effect.
The photoelectric effect was found qualitatively by m.hertz in 1887, and precise experimental data measurements were made by r.a. milliroot in 1916. All photoelectric effect tubes only have a single source electrode, and people are still using experimental data obtained by an experimental measurement method for measuring total average photoelectric current formed by all photoelectrons generated by optical radiation to analyze and process photoelectric effect. The defect of a photocurrent measurement mode is caused by the problem of the uniqueness of the source design of the photoelectric effect tube, and the understanding depth of the micro process of generating photoelectrons by the interaction of incident photons and metal free electrons in the research process of the photoelectric effect is restricted by an experimental method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube which can be used for refining the numerical characteristics of the movement space direction distribution of target electrode escaping photoelectrons and further deeply disclosing the microscopic mechanism of the action of incident electromagnetic waves and metal surface free electrons in the photoelectric effect, and also aims to provide a photoelectric effect test device using the two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube.
In order to achieve the purpose, the two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube is characterized in that at least eight silver-plated inner pins and one silver-plated inner pin at the inner end of a quartz glass bulb vacuum package fixedly connected with an electronic tube bakelite base in a sealing mode are respectively connected with at least eight silver ring anodes uniformly distributed on the same circumference in a circumferential direction and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode positioned in the centers of the silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in an extending mode through silver-plated electrodes, and the ends of the silver-plated electrodes at least connected with the silver ring anodes are fixedly penetrated on a mica sheet together. The method has the advantages of being capable of refining numerical characteristics of motion space direction distribution of the emitted photoelectrons of the target electrode and further deeply revealing a microscopic mechanism of action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the surface of the metal in the photoelectric effect.
As optimization, the vacuum packaging is carried out after vacuum pumping is carried out through a vacuum packaging port on the bakelite base of the electronic tube, and the silver-plated inner pin, the silver-plated electrode, the silver ring anode, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the mica sheet are packaged in a vacuum environment in the quartz glass bulb; the mica sheet is provided with a central hole for the silver-plated electrode which is attached with the potassium silver ball cathode in an extending way to penetrate through the center, and the diameter of the central hole is more than or equal to two times of the diameter of the silver-plated electrode; the penetration and fixation relationship between the mica sheet and the silver-plated electrode of the extension silver ring anode is that the mica sheet is firstly punched, and then the silver-plated electrode is penetrated through, so that the mica sheet is clamped on the silver-plated electrode.
As optimization, the vacuum packaging port is positioned in the center of the bakelite base of the electronic tube; the diameter of the silver ring anode is larger than or equal to the diameter of the silver ball of the cathode with the potassium silver ball; the quartz glass bulb is a quartz glass circular tube with an opening at the lower end, and the upper end of the quartz glass circular tube is provided with a flat top surface or an arc convex surface with a convex middle part. The arcuate convex surface is preferably close to a planar arcuate convex surface. The flat top surface is connected with the upper opening of the quartz glass round tube by an arc-shaped transition corner edge. Or the flat top surface of the quartz glass round tube is connected with the upper end of the quartz glass round tube through the arc connecting edge.
As optimization, the silver-plated inner pins of the electronic tube bakelite base are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction; at least one idle silver-plated inner pin which is not in extended connection with the silver-plated electrode is arranged between the silver-plated inner pin at the two ends of the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the potassium silver ball cathode through the silver-plated electrode and the silver-plated inner pins at the two ends of the plurality of circumferentially and continuously distributed silver-plated inner pin chains at the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the silver ring anode through the silver-plated electrode.
Preferably, all the silver ring anodes are silver circular rings which extend out of the silver-plated electrode end of the mica sheet and have the same specification and texture, and the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the central axis of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the silver-plated electrode extended from the potassium-attached silver ball cathode. The silver ring can be any one or more of a regular ring, a long-axis elliptical ring and a short-axis elliptical ring which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. The ball attached with the potassium silver ball cathode can be any one or more of a right sphere, a long-axis elliptical ball and a short-axis elliptical ball which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. Therefore, the shapes and specifications of the anodes of the silver circular rings and the shapes and specifications of the cathodes of the silver balls with potassium can be compared with each other to carry out a photoelectric effect comparison test.
For optimization, the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode or are higher than the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode.
For optimization, the mica sheets are parallel to the same plane where the axes of all the silver rings are located, and the distance between every two adjacent silver rings is larger than the diameter of each silver ring.
Preferably, the number of the silver ring anodes is eight, and the valve bakelite base is a standard twelve-silver-plated-pin valve bakelite base.
The photoelectric effect test device applying the photoelectric effect tube is characterized in that the two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube is arranged in a cassette provided with an incidence hole facing a cathode of an attached potassium silver ball, the cassette is arranged on an outward light path of the incidence hole from near to far, a lens, a polarizing film and a high-pressure mercury lamp are sequentially arranged on the cassette, and at least eight silver-plated outer pins at the outer end of an electronic tube bakelite base which is oppositely connected with at least eight silver-plated inner pins of an anode of a silver ring through silver-plated electrodes are electrically connected with a current display through a micro-current amplifier.
Preferably, the lens is provided with a selectable or replaceable narrow-band filter, and a common grounding wire for resisting electromagnetic interference is connected between the high-pressure mercury lamp and the micro-current amplifier. The narrow band filter is preferably a 365nm band pass type narrow band filter.
Preferably, the micro-current amplifier is a preposed extremely-low bias current operational amplification circuit. The preposed extremely-low bias current operational amplification circuit is connected with a PC with a current display function in an extending way through a parallel port microcomputer data acquisition board.
The photoelectric effect tube of the two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode is characterized in that at least eight silver-plated inner pins and one silver-plated inner pin at the inner end of a quartz glass bulb vacuum package fixedly connected with an electronic tube bakelite base in a sealing mode are respectively connected with at least eight silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same circumference in an extending mode through silver-plated electrodes and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode located in the centers of the silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the ends of the silver-plated electrodes at least connected with the silver ring anodes are fixedly penetrated on a mica sheet together. The method has the advantages of being capable of refining numerical characteristics of motion space direction distribution of the emitted photoelectrons of the target electrode and further deeply revealing a microscopic mechanism of action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the surface of the metal in the photoelectric effect.
As optimization, the vacuum packaging is carried out after vacuum pumping is carried out through a vacuum packaging port on the bakelite base of the electronic tube, and the silver-plated inner pin, the silver-plated electrode, the silver ring anode, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the mica sheet are packaged in a vacuum environment in the quartz glass bulb; the mica sheet is provided with a center through which a silver-plated electrode for the extended attachment of a potassium silver ball cathode passes from the center, and the diameter of the center is more than or equal to twice the diameter of the silver-plated electrode; the penetration and fixation relationship between the mica sheet and the silver-plated electrode of the extension silver ring anode is that the mica sheet is firstly punched, and then the silver-plated electrode is penetrated through, so that the mica sheet is clamped on the silver-plated electrode.
As optimization, the vacuum packaging port is positioned in the center of the bakelite base of the electronic tube; the diameter of the silver ring anode is larger than or equal to the diameter of the silver ball of the cathode with the potassium silver ball; the quartz glass bulb is a quartz glass circular tube with an opening at the lower end, and the upper end of the quartz glass circular tube is provided with a flat top surface or an arc convex surface with a convex middle part. The arcuate convex surface is preferably close to a planar arcuate convex surface. The flat top surface is connected with the upper opening of the quartz glass round tube by an arc-shaped transition corner edge. Or the flat top surface of the quartz glass round tube is connected with the upper end of the quartz glass round tube through the arc connecting edge.
As optimization, the silver-plated inner pins of the electronic tube bakelite base are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction; at least one idle silver-plated inner pin which is not in extended connection with the silver-plated electrode is arranged between the silver-plated inner pin at the two ends of the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the potassium silver ball cathode through the silver-plated electrode and the silver-plated inner pins at the two ends of the plurality of circumferentially and continuously distributed silver-plated inner pin chains at the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the silver ring anode through the silver-plated electrode.
Preferably, all the silver ring anodes are silver circular rings which extend out of the silver-plated electrode end of the mica sheet and have the same specification and texture, and the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the central axis of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the silver-plated electrode extended from the potassium-attached silver ball cathode. The silver ring can be any one or more of a regular ring, a long-axis elliptical ring and a short-axis elliptical ring which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. The ball attached with the potassium silver ball cathode can be any one or more of a right sphere, a long-axis elliptical ball and a short-axis elliptical ball which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. Therefore, the shapes and specifications of the anodes of the silver circular rings and the shapes and specifications of the cathodes of the silver balls with potassium can be compared with each other to carry out a photoelectric effect comparison test.
For optimization, the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode or are higher than the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode.
For optimization, the mica sheets are parallel to the same plane where the axes of all the silver rings are located, and the distance between every two adjacent silver rings is larger than the diameter of each silver ring.
Preferably, the number of the silver ring anodes is eight, and the valve bakelite base is a standard twelve-silver-plated-pin valve bakelite base.
The invention actually manufactures a set of special-shaped two-dimensional plane 8-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube. And the instrument is used for measuring the photoelectric effect generated by a microspheric Ag-O-K target electrode (electrode innovation) in the sphere center under the excitation condition of 365nm laser polarized light (light source electromagnetic direction constraint), the numerical characteristics of the movement space direction distribution of photoelectrons escaping from the target electrode are refined, and the microscopic mechanism of the action of incident electromagnetic waves and metal surface free electrons in the photoelectric effect is further deeply disclosed. Experimental data for study acquisition: under the condition of near vacuum, the invention uses the special-shaped two-dimensional plane 8 lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube to complete the set experimental measurement of photoelectric effect, and uses the obtained experimental data to establish the micro-dynamic model of photoelectrons generated by the action of incident photons and free electrons on the metal surface in the effective photoelectric effect. We have purchased AD549 in advance to build a front-end ultra-low bias operational amplifier circuit, and have successfully realized the design function. This is the most critical probing core unit in our experimental design. In the early stage, a large amount of research data is collected through the Internet and related databases, and the related data is compared and analyzed, so that the research direction and the experimental implementation route of the people are determined.
The adopted quartz glass tube has better ultraviolet section light transmittance than common glass. The quartz glass sheet has good light transmission performance in the whole spectrum band from ultraviolet to infrared, the visible light transmission rate is more than 93%, and particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum region, the maximum transmission rate can reach more than 80%. And has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal shock resistance, good electrical insulation performance and the like. The adopted silver ring anode has photoelectron absorption capacity and photoelectron spatial distribution identification capacity. The adopted potassium-attached small silver ball cathode has excellent conductivity and good photoelectron emission performance. The mica sheets are used for insulating and supporting each electrode and have good insulating property. The silver-plated electrode effectively reduces the contact resistance with an external circuit and improves the micro-current detection efficiency. The bakelite base adopts a standard electronic tube bakelite tube seat with 12 pins. The quartz glass welding pipe orifice is used for pumping high vacuum in the quartz glass pipe and welding and plugging the quartz glass pipe.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and the photoelectric effect test device thereof have the numeralization characteristic of finely measuring the movement space direction distribution of photoelectrons escaping from the target, and further deepen the advantage of revealing the microscopic mechanism of the action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the metal surface in the photoelectric effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special-shaped two-dimensional planar multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric effect tube of a special-shaped two-dimensional planar multi-lattice absorption anode for photoelectric effect test; FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the predicted vertical incidence relation of linearly polarized laser and sigma photoelectron relative density waveforms of the special two-dimensional planar multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube. Fig. 5 and 6 are a schematic diagram of the actually measured linear polarization laser vertical incidence relation and a waveform diagram of sigma photoelectron relative density of the special two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube is characterized in that at least eight silver-plated inner pins and one silver-plated inner pin at the inner end of a vacuum package of a quartz glass bulb 1 fixedly connected with a bakelite base 6 of an electronic tube are respectively connected with at least eight silver ring anodes 2 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same circumference in an extending manner through silver-plated electrodes 5 and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 positioned in the centers of the silver ring anodes 2 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the ends of the silver-plated electrodes 5 at least connected with the silver ring anodes 2 in an extending manner are jointly penetrated and fixed on a mica sheet 4. Specifically, the silver ring anode 2 is a silver circular ring electrode which is different from an elliptical ring, and specifically, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 is a spherical ball which is different from an elliptical ball. The method has the advantages of being capable of refining numerical characteristics of motion space direction distribution of the emitted photoelectrons of the target electrode and further deeply revealing a microscopic mechanism of action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the surface of the metal in the photoelectric effect.
The vacuum packaging is carried out after vacuumizing through a vacuum packaging opening 7 on a bakelite base 6 of the electronic tube, and a silver-plated inner pin, a silver-plated electrode 5, a silver ring anode 2, a potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 and a mica sheet 4 are packaged in a vacuum environment in a quartz glass bulb 1; the mica sheet 4 is provided with a central hole for the silver-plated electrode 5 of the potassium silver ball cathode 3 to be attached in an extending way to pass through from the center, and the diameter of the central hole is more than or equal to two times of the diameter of the silver-plated electrode 5; the penetrating and fixing relationship between the mica sheet 4 and the silver-plated electrode 5 of the extension silver ring anode 2 is that the mica sheet 4 is firstly punched, and then the silver-plated electrode 5 penetrates through, so that the mica sheet 4 is clamped on the silver-plated electrode 5.
The vacuum packaging port 7 is positioned in the center of the electronic tube bakelite base 6; the silver ring anode 2 is a circular ring with the diameter more than or equal to two times of the diameter of the silver ball of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3; the quartz glass bulb 1 is a quartz glass round tube with an opening at the lower end, and the upper end of the quartz glass round tube is provided with a flat top surface or an arc convex surface with a convex middle part. The arcuate convex surface is preferably close to a planar arcuate convex surface. The flat top surface is connected with the upper opening of the quartz glass round tube by an arc-shaped transition corner edge. Or the flat top surface of the quartz glass round tube is connected with the upper end of the quartz glass round tube through the arc connecting edge.
The silver-plated inner pins of the electronic tube bakelite base 6 are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction; at least one idle silver-plated inner pin which is not extended to be connected with the silver-plated electrode 5 is arranged between the silver-plated inner pin at the vacuum packaging end of the quartz glass bulb 1 which is extended to be connected with the potassium silver ball cathode 3 through the silver-plated electrode 5 and the silver-plated inner pins at the two ends of a plurality of circumferentially and continuously distributed silver-plated inner pin arc chains at the vacuum packaging end of the quartz glass bulb 1 which is extended to be connected with the silver ring anode 2 through the silver-plated electrode 4.
All the silver ring anodes 2 are silver circular rings with the same specification and texture extending out of the ends of the silver-plated electrodes 5 of the mica sheets 4, and the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the central axis of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 and the silver-plated electrodes 5 extending out of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode. The silver ring can be any one or more of a regular ring, a long-axis elliptical ring and a short-axis elliptical ring which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. The ball attached with the potassium silver ball cathode can be any one or more of a right sphere, a long-axis elliptical ball and a short-axis elliptical ball which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. Therefore, the shapes and specifications of the anodes of the silver circular rings and the shapes and specifications of the cathodes of the silver balls with potassium can be compared with each other to carry out a photoelectric effect comparison test.
The axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 or are higher than the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3.
The mica sheets 4 are parallel to the same plane where the axes of all the silver rings are located, and the distance between every two adjacent silver rings is larger than the diameter of each silver ring.
The number of the silver ring anodes 2 is eight, and the electronic tube bakelite base 6 is a standard twelve silver-plated pin electronic tube bakelite base 6.
As shown in figure 2, the electro-optical effect test device applying the photoelectric effect tube of the invention is that the two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube is arranged in a hidden box 80 which is provided with an entry hole opposite to a cathode 3 with a potassium silver ball, a lens 81, a polaroid 82 and a high-pressure mercury lamp 83 are arranged on the outward light path of the entry hole of the hidden box 80 from near to far, and the current display 85 is electrically connected with the (at least) eight silver-plated outer pins of the electronic tube bakelite base which are oppositely connected with the (at least) eight silver-plated inner pins of the silver ring anode 2 through the silver-plated electrode 5 respectively through a micro-current amplifier 84. The lens 81 is provided with a selectable or replaceable narrow-band filter, and a common grounding wire for resisting electromagnetic interference is connected between the high-pressure mercury lamp and the micro-current amplifier. The narrow band filter is preferably a 365nm band pass type narrow band filter. The micro-current amplifier 84 is a pre-positioned extremely low bias current operational amplifier circuit. The preposed extremely-low bias current operational amplification circuit is connected with a PC with a current display function in an extending way through a parallel port microcomputer data acquisition board.
The photoelectric effect tube of the two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode is characterized in that at least eight silver-plated inner pins and one silver-plated inner pin at the inner end of a quartz glass bulb vacuum package fixedly connected with an electronic tube bakelite base in a sealing mode are respectively connected with at least eight silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same circumference in an extending mode through silver-plated electrodes and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode located in the centers of the silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the ends of the silver-plated electrodes at least connected with the silver ring anodes are fixedly penetrated on a mica sheet together. Specifically, the silver ring anode 2 is a silver circular ring electrode which is different from an elliptical ring, and specifically, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode 3 is a spherical ball which is different from an elliptical ball. The method has the advantages of being capable of refining numerical characteristics of motion space direction distribution of the emitted photoelectrons of the target electrode and further deeply revealing a microscopic mechanism of action of incident electromagnetic waves and free electrons on the surface of the metal in the photoelectric effect.
The vacuum packaging is realized by vacuumizing through a vacuum packaging opening on the electronic tube bakelite base and then sealing, and packaging the silver-plated inner pin, the silver-plated electrode, the silver ring anode, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the mica sheet in a vacuum environment in the quartz glass bulb; the mica sheet is provided with a central hole for the silver-plated electrode which is attached with the potassium silver ball cathode in an extending way to penetrate through the center, and the diameter of the central hole is more than or equal to two times of the diameter of the silver-plated electrode; the penetration and fixation relationship between the mica sheet and the silver-plated electrode of the extension silver ring anode is that the mica sheet is firstly punched, and then the silver-plated electrode is penetrated through, so that the mica sheet is clamped on the silver-plated electrode.
The vacuum packaging port is positioned in the center of the electronic tube bakelite base; the diameter of the silver ring anode is larger than or equal to the diameter of the silver ball of the cathode with the potassium silver ball; the quartz glass bulb is a quartz glass circular tube with an opening at the lower end, and the upper end of the quartz glass circular tube is provided with a flat top surface or an arc convex surface with a convex middle part. The arcuate convex surface is preferably close to a planar arcuate convex surface.
At least eight silver-plated inner pins of the electronic tube bakelite base are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at intervals; at least one idle silver-plated inner pin which is not in extended connection with the silver-plated electrode is arranged between the silver-plated inner pin at the two ends of the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the potassium silver ball cathode through the silver-plated electrode and the silver-plated inner pins at the two ends of the plurality of circumferentially and continuously distributed silver-plated inner pin chains at the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the silver ring anode through the silver-plated electrode.
All the silver ring anodes are silver circular rings which extend out of the silver-plated electrode end of the mica sheet and have the same specification and texture, and the axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the central axis of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the silver-plated electrode extended and connected with the potassium-attached silver ball cathode. The axes of all the silver circular rings in the same plane are intersected with the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode or are higher than the center of the potassium-attached silver ball cathode. The mica sheets are parallel to the same plane where the axes of all the silver rings are located, and the distance between every two adjacent silver rings is larger than the diameter of each silver ring. The silver ring can be any one or more of a positive ring, a long-axis elliptical ring and a short-axis elliptical ring which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. The ball attached with the potassium silver ball cathode can be any one or more of a right sphere, a long-axis elliptical ball and a short-axis elliptical ball which are in the same direction with the silver-plated electrode. Therefore, the shapes and specifications of the anodes of the silver circular rings and the shapes and specifications of the cathodes of the silver balls with potassium can be compared with each other to carry out a photoelectric effect comparison test.
The number of the silver ring anodes is eight, and the electronic tube bakelite base is a standard twelve silver-plated pin electronic tube bakelite base.
The invention actually manufactures a set of special-shaped two-dimensional plane 8-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube. And the instrument is used for measuring the photoelectric effect generated by a microspheric Ag-O-K target electrode (electrode innovation) in the sphere center under the excitation condition of 365nm laser polarized light (light source electromagnetic direction constraint), the numerical characteristics of the movement space direction distribution of photoelectrons escaping from the target electrode are refined, and the microscopic mechanism of the action of incident electromagnetic waves and metal surface free electrons in the photoelectric effect is further deeply disclosed. Experimental data for study acquisition: under the condition of near vacuum, the invention uses the special-shaped two-dimensional plane 8 lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube to complete the set experimental measurement of photoelectric effect, and uses the obtained experimental data to establish the micro-dynamic model of photoelectrons generated by the action of incident photons and free electrons on the metal surface in the effective photoelectric effect. We have purchased AD549 in advance to build a front-end ultra-low bias operational amplifier circuit, and have successfully realized the design function. This is the most critical probing core unit in our experimental design. In the early stage, a large amount of research data is collected through the Internet and related databases, and the related data is compared and analyzed, so that the research direction and the experimental implementation route of the people are determined.
The adopted quartz glass tube has better ultraviolet section light transmittance than common glass. The quartz glass sheet has good light transmission performance in the whole spectrum band from ultraviolet to infrared, the visible light transmission rate is more than 93%, and particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum region, the maximum transmission rate can reach more than 80%. And has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal shock resistance, good electrical insulation performance and the like. The adopted silver ring anode has photoelectron absorption capacity and photoelectron spatial distribution identification capacity. The adopted potassium-attached small silver ball cathode has excellent conductivity and good photoelectron emission performance. The mica sheets are used for insulating and supporting each electrode and have good insulating property. The silver-plated electrode effectively reduces the contact resistance with an external circuit and improves the micro-current detection efficiency. The bakelite base adopts a standard electronic tube bakelite tube seat with 12 pins. The quartz glass welding pipe orifice is used for pumping high vacuum in the quartz glass pipe and welding and plugging the quartz glass pipe.
It is considered that for the micro-sphere target of the two-dimensional planar multi-lattice array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube, when the electric vector vibration direction of the incident linear polarization laser is in the horizontal direction, i.e. parallel to the Y-axis direction in the figure, the peak value of the relative density of photoelectrons near the two poles of the Y-axis of the detection spherical shell is extremely large.
We expect the relationship between the vertical incidence of the linearly polarized laser and the waveform data of the relative density of the sigma photoelectrons and the data obtained by experiments using the two-dimensional planar multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and the photoelectric effect test device of the present invention, see fig. 3-4 and 5-6. From the two comparative sets of graphs, the actual experimental data achieved the expectations well.
In a word, the two-dimensional plane multi-point array absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and the photoelectric effect test device thereof have the numerical characteristics of being capable of finely measuring the movement space direction distribution of target pole escaping photoelectrons and further deeply disclosing the microscopic mechanism of the action of incident electromagnetic waves and metal surface free electrons in the photoelectric effect.
Claims (9)
1. A two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube is characterized in that at least eight silver-plated inner pins and one silver-plated inner pin at the vacuum packaging inner end of a quartz glass bulb fixedly connected with an electronic tube bakelite base in a sealing manner are respectively connected with at least eight silver ring anodes uniformly distributed on the same circumference in a circumferential direction and a potassium-attached silver ball cathode positioned in the centers of the silver ring anodes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in an extending manner through silver-plated electrodes, and the end parts of the silver-plated electrodes at least connected with the silver ring anodes are fixedly penetrated on a mica sheet together;
the vacuum packaging port is positioned in the center of the electronic tube bakelite base; the diameter of the silver ring anode is larger than or equal to the diameter of the silver ball of the cathode with the potassium silver ball; the quartz glass bulb is a quartz glass circular tube with an opening at the lower end, and the upper end of the quartz glass circular tube is provided with a flat top surface or an arc convex surface with a convex middle part.
2. The photoelectric effect tube according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum packaging is performed by sealing after vacuum pumping through a vacuum packaging port on the bakelite base of the electron tube, and the silver-plated inner lead, the silver-plated electrode, the silver ring anode, the potassium-attached silver ball cathode and the mica sheet are packaged together in a vacuum environment in the quartz glass bulb; the mica sheet is provided with a central hole for the silver-plated electrode which is attached with the potassium silver ball cathode in an extending way to penetrate through the center, and the diameter of the central hole is more than or equal to two times of the diameter of the silver-plated electrode; the penetration and fixation relationship between the mica sheet and the silver-plated electrode of the extension silver ring anode is that the mica sheet is firstly punched, and then the silver-plated electrode is penetrated through, so that the mica sheet is clamped on the silver-plated electrode.
3. The photoelectric effect tube of claim 1, wherein the silver-plated inner legs of the bakelite base of the electron tube are circumferentially and uniformly spaced; at least one idle silver-plated inner pin which is not in extended connection with the silver-plated electrode is arranged between the silver-plated inner pin at the two ends of the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the potassium silver ball cathode through the silver-plated electrode and the silver-plated inner pins at the two ends of the plurality of circumferentially and continuously distributed silver-plated inner pin chains at the quartz glass bulb vacuum packaging end which is in extended connection with the silver ring anode through the silver-plated electrode.
4. The photoelectric effect tube according to claim 1, wherein all the silver ring anodes are silver rings extending from the ends of the silver-plated electrodes extending out of the mica sheets and having the same specification and texture, and the axes of all the silver rings in the same plane intersect with the central axis of the cathode with the potassium silver ball and the silver-plated electrodes extending therefrom.
5. The photoelectric effect tube of claim 4, wherein the axes of all the silver rings in the same plane intersect with or are higher than the center of the cathode of the potassium-doped silver ball.
6. The photoelectric effect tube of claim 4, wherein the mica plates are parallel to the same plane on which the axes of all the silver rings are located, and the distance between adjacent silver rings is larger than the diameter of the silver rings.
7. The electrooptical effect test device using the electrooptical effect tube according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode electrooptical effect tube is arranged in a hidden box provided with an incidence hole facing a cathode of an attached potassium silver ball, a lens, a polarizing plate and a high-pressure mercury lamp are arranged on an optical path from the near to the far outside of the incidence hole of the hidden box, and at least eight silver-plated outer pins at the outer end of a tube bakelite base which is oppositely connected with at least eight silver-plated inner pins of an anode of a silver ring through silver-plated electrodes are electrically connected with a current display through a micro-current amplifier respectively.
8. An electro-optic effect testing device according to claim 7, wherein said lens is provided with an optional or replaceable narrow-band filter, and a common ground line for anti-electromagnetic interference is connected between the high-pressure mercury lamp and the micro-current amplifier.
9. The electro-optic effect testing device of claim 7, wherein the micro-current amplifier is a pre-positioned extremely low bias current operational amplifier circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810753772.0A CN108899263B (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810753772.0A CN108899263B (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108899263A CN108899263A (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| CN108899263B true CN108899263B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
Family
ID=64348911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810753772.0A Expired - Fee Related CN108899263B (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108899263B (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2034586A (en) * | 1931-01-17 | 1936-03-17 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Phototube |
| JP4849521B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2012-01-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Photomultiplier tube and radiation detector |
-
2018
- 2018-07-10 CN CN201810753772.0A patent/CN108899263B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108899263A (en) | 2018-11-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Nishimura et al. | Total electron impact ionization cross sections for simple hydrocarbon molecules | |
| CN101696936B (en) | Laser induced discharge reinforcement plasma spectrum detection device | |
| Beruete et al. | Terahertz corrugated and bull's-eye antennas | |
| Skopalová et al. | Numerical simulation of attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking | |
| CN103712959B (en) | A kind of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy detection system based on cambered surface electrode discharge | |
| KR20110120204A (en) | X-ray generation apparatus | |
| Forestier et al. | Radiofrequency conical emission from femtosecond filaments in air | |
| CN104422478A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring parameters of transient plasmas in high-speed impact | |
| Edwards et al. | Increased photoelectron transmission in High-pressure photoelectron spectrometers using “swift acceleration” | |
| CN106784044A (en) | A kind of three-dimensional structure diamond ultraviolet detector and preparation method thereof | |
| Girolami et al. | Investigation with β-particles and protons of buried graphite pillars in single-crystal CVD diamond | |
| CN108899263B (en) | Two-dimensional plane multi-lattice absorption anode photoelectric effect tube and photoelectric effect test device thereof | |
| Yang et al. | Measurement and analysis of electromagnetic pulse from laser-target interaction at ShenGuang II laser facility | |
| JP2014238982A (en) | Electron beam inspection apparatus and electron beam inspection method | |
| CN106597520B (en) | Triple channel runaway electron spectral measurement device under a kind of nanosecond pulse discharge | |
| CN103295872A (en) | Compound ion source device and mass spectrometer | |
| Roberts et al. | Compact noninvasive electron bunch-length monitor | |
| CN207908701U (en) | A kind of neutron detection device and system | |
| CN103311087A (en) | Ion deflection transmission system | |
| Zhang et al. | Modification of copper surface by runaway electrons preionized diffuse discharges at atmospheric pressure | |
| Syed et al. | Experimental investigation of the 2D ion beam profile generated by an ESI octopole-QMS system | |
| JP7396787B2 (en) | Microcurrent detection device and microcurrent detection method | |
| JP2012008082A (en) | Light element analyzer and analyzing method | |
| Avenel et al. | Development and characterization of a 3D CdTe: Cl semiconductor detector for medical imaging | |
| JP2004205223A (en) | Ion beam distribution detection apparatus and ion beam orientation processing apparatus using the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20191227 |