CN108897930A - A method of the contact stress between prediction human body and mattress - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法，通过将三维扫描技术和有限元法相结合的方法预测并分析人体与山棕床垫的接触应力，步骤如下：对床垫的材料进行压缩试验，得到床垫材料的力学参数；使用感应摄像头Kinect，分别置于四个立柱上，测试者直立于扫描范围内，并保持双臂微张，即可扫描得到人体表面的点云，将扫描得到的人体模型用Geomagic Studio进行处理，获得受试者的实体模型；将获得的人体模型导入网格生成软件，输入床垫、人体皮肤和肌肉的材料参数，对人体与床垫间的接触应力进行预测。不同的人能根据在不同材料的床垫上的体压分布情况选择适合自己的床垫，从而有效减少背部疼痛，提高睡眠质量。
The invention discloses a method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mattress. The contact stress between the human body and the mountain palm mattress is predicted and analyzed by combining the three-dimensional scanning technology and the finite element method. The steps are as follows: The material is subjected to a compression test to obtain the mechanical parameters of the mattress material; the sensor camera Kinect is used to place it on four uprights respectively, and the tester stands upright within the scanning range and keeps his arms slightly open to scan and obtain the point cloud of the human body surface , processed the scanned human body model with Geomagic Studio to obtain the physical model of the subject; imported the obtained human body model into the mesh generation software, input the material parameters of mattress, human skin and muscle, and calculated the distance between the human body and the mattress The contact stress is predicted. Different people can choose a mattress that suits them according to the distribution of body pressure on mattresses of different materials, thereby effectively reducing back pain and improving sleep quality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及应力预测技术领域，具体涉及一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of stress prediction, in particular to a method for predicting the contact stress between a human body and a mattress.
背景技术Background technique
压力分布测量系统(Tactilus)在床垫舒适度测量中的应用。通过对压力分布的测量结果的评估，系统可以帮助设计者或制造商优化材料的选择，Application of pressure distribution measurement system (Tactilus) in mattress comfort measurement. Through the evaluation of the measurement results of the pressure distribution, the system can help the designer or manufacturer to optimize the choice of materials,
该压力分布测量系统使用感压纸或独特的压电式压力传感器，能够对任何接触面之间的压力分布及压力大小进行静态和动态测量，并以直观、形象的二维、三维彩色图形显示压力分布的轮廓和数值，进而做出评估，压力分布的测量成为解决这些问题的首要条件，而解决压力测量问题的办法就是进行使用系统反复的实验，这样不但效率低，而且成本也比较高。The pressure distribution measurement system uses pressure-sensitive paper or a unique piezoelectric pressure sensor, which can perform static and dynamic measurement of the pressure distribution and pressure magnitude between any contact surfaces, and display it in intuitive and vivid two-dimensional and three-dimensional color graphics The contour and value of the pressure distribution, and then make an evaluation, the measurement of the pressure distribution becomes the first condition to solve these problems, and the solution to the pressure measurement problem is to conduct repeated experiments using the system, which is not only low in efficiency, but also relatively high in cost.
综上所述，如何提供一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法，提高测量精度要求，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。To sum up, how to provide a method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mattress and improve the measurement accuracy requirements is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中的上述缺陷，提供一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mattress in order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by taking the following technical solutions:
一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法，所述的方法包括下列步骤：A method for predicting contact stress between a human body and a mattress, said method comprising the following steps:
S1、对床垫的材料进行压缩试验，得到床垫材料的力学参数；S1, carry out compression test to the material of mattress, obtain the mechanical parameter of mattress material;
S2、使用感应摄像头Kinect扫描得到人体表面的点云；S2, use the sensing camera Kinect to scan to obtain the point cloud of the human body surface;
S3、扫描得到的人体模型用Geomagic Studio进行逆向处理，获得受试者的人体模型；S3. The scanned human body model is reversely processed by Geomagic Studio to obtain the human body model of the subject;
S4、将获得的人体模型导入网格生成软件ANSYS Workbench，在Engineering Data中输入床垫、人体皮肤和人体肌肉的材料参数，对人体与床垫间的接触应力进行预测。S4. Import the obtained human body model into mesh generation software ANSYS Workbench, input the material parameters of mattress, human skin and human muscle in Engineering Data, and predict the contact stress between human body and mattress.
进一步地，所述的步骤S1中对山棕床垫的材料进行压缩试验，得到山棕床垫材料的力学参数，其中，山棕试块的大小设定为1900m×810mm×60mm，山棕床垫的密度为117.9kg/m3，弹性模量为46.7kPa。Further, in the step S1, the material of the mountain palm mattress is subjected to a compression test to obtain the mechanical parameters of the mountain palm mattress material, wherein the size of the mountain palm test block is set to 1900m×810mm×60mm, and the mountain palm mattress The density of the mat was 117.9 kg/m 3 and the modulus of elasticity was 46.7 kPa.
进一步地，所述的步骤S2中，分别将感应摄像头Kinect置于三个以上的立柱上，每个立柱上都有分别放置于不同高度的三个感应摄像头Kinect，只穿内衣裤的测试者直立于扫描范围内，并保持双臂微张，姿势保持不动大于7s。Further, in the step S2, the induction camera Kinect is respectively placed on more than three uprights, and each upright has three induction cameras Kinect respectively placed at different heights, and the tester who only wears underwear stands upright. Within the scanning range, keep your arms slightly open, and keep your posture still for more than 7s.
进一步地，所述的步骤S4中，人体肌肉的材料参数和单元特性定义如下：Further, in the step S4, the material parameters and unit characteristics of human muscles are defined as follows:
人体肌肉采用Mooney-Rivlin超弹性模型，使用Patch Conforming Method将人体肌肉划分为四节点四面体实体单元，Human muscles adopt the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model, and use the Patch Conforming Method to divide human muscles into four-node tetrahedral solid units.
Mooney-Rivlin模型的应变能函数表述为：The strain energy function of the Mooney-Rivlin model is expressed as:
W＝A1(J1-3)+A2(J2-3)+A3(J3 -2-1)+A4(J3-1)2 (1)W＝A 1 (J 1 -3)+A 2 (J 2 -3)+A 3 (J 3 -2 -1)+A 4 (J 3 -1) 2 (1)
式中，J1,J2,J3是Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量；In the formula, J 1 , J 2 , J 3 are the invariants of the Cauchy-Green strain tensor;
Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量表述为：The Cauchy-Green strain tensor invariant is expressed as:
C＝FT·F (2) C = F T F (2)
式中，F表示变形张量In the formula, F represents the deformation tensor
J1＝trace(C) (3)J 1 ＝trace( C ) (3)
J3＝det(C) (5)J 3 ＝det( C ) (5)
应变能函数对Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量的微分即得到第二Piola-Kirchhoff应力张量，表述如下：The differentiation of the strain energy function to the invariant of the Cauchy-Green strain tensor is the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, which is expressed as follows:
材料参数A1,A2,A3,A4如下：Material parameters A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are as follows:
A1＝1.65kPaA 1 =1.65kPa
A2＝3.35kPaA 2 =3.35kPa
A3＝(1/2)A1+A2 A 3 =(1/2)A 1 +A 2
A4＝{A1(5v-2)+A2(11v-5)}/2(1-2v)A 4 ={A 1 (5v-2)+A 2 (11v-5)}/2(1-2v)
v＝0.49。v=0.49.
式中，v表示泊松比。In the formula, v represents Poisson's ratio.
进一步地，所述的步骤S4中，人体皮肤的材料参数和单元特性定义如下：Further, in the step S4, the material parameters and unit characteristics of human skin are defined as follows:
人体皮肤采用线弹性各向同性模型，采用三节点三角形壳单元，上述单元是一种具有弯曲能力的三角形单元，皮肤厚度取2mm，杨氏模量取150kPa，泊松比为0.46。The human skin adopts a linear elastic isotropic model and a three-node triangular shell element. The above-mentioned element is a triangular element with bending ability. The thickness of the skin is 2mm, the Young's modulus is 150kPa, and the Poisson's ratio is 0.46.
进一步地，所述的步骤S4中，床垫的材料参数的单元特性和单元特性定义如下：Further, in the step S4, the unit characteristics and unit characteristics of the material parameters of the mattress are defined as follows:
根据实验获得的床垫材料实际的材料参数进行建模，使用自动划分单元的方法将其划分为六面体单元。Modeling is carried out according to the actual material parameters of the mattress material obtained from the experiment, and it is divided into hexahedral units by the method of automatic division of units.
进一步地，所述的步骤S4中，对人体与床垫在ANSYS Workbench中的求解过程如下：Further, in the described step S4, the solution process of the human body and the mattress in ANSYS Workbench is as follows:
S401、将整个人体皮肤表面和人体肌肉组织表面设置Bonded接触，Contact面设置为肌肉组织表面，Target面设置为整个皮肤表面，接触算法使用Augmented Largrange，对皮肤和床垫的接触方法设置Frictional，摩擦系数设置为0.4，Contact面为床垫的上表面，Target面为背部皮肤表面，使用Each iteration进行迭代运算，使用Add Offset.NoRamping，使接触在第一个子步骤完成加载；S401. Set Bonded contact on the entire human skin surface and human muscle tissue surface, set the Contact surface as the muscle tissue surface, set the Target surface as the entire skin surface, use Augmented Largrange for the contact algorithm, set Frictional for the contact method of the skin and the mattress, and friction The coefficient is set to 0.4, the Contact surface is the upper surface of the mattress, and the Target surface is the back skin surface. Use Each iteration for iterative calculation, and use Add Offset.NoRamping to make the contact load in the first sub-step;
S402、加载方式采用床垫底部不动，即将床垫底面用固定约束，在人体模型上施加重力，打开大变形Large Deflection开关，载荷步通过子步数来定义，初始步长定义为30，最小步长定义为5，最大步长定义为100，最后进行求解。S402. The loading method uses the bottom of the mattress to be fixed, that is, the bottom of the mattress is fixedly constrained, and gravity is applied to the human body model, and the Large Deflection switch is turned on. The load step is defined by the number of sub-steps, and the initial step is defined as 30, the minimum The step size is defined as 5, the maximum step size is defined as 100, and finally the solution is performed.
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1)、本预测方法得到的人体与床垫间的接触应力和压力分布测量系统Tactilus相比，平均应力、最大应力值非常接近且皮尔逊相关系数为强相关，因此可以有效地节约成本，促进私人定制床垫的发展。1) Compared with the contact stress between the human body and the mattress obtained by this prediction method and the pressure distribution measurement system Tactilus, the average stress and maximum stress values are very close and the Pearson correlation coefficient is a strong correlation, so it can effectively save costs and promote The development of private custom mattresses.
2)、本发明通过将三维扫描技术和有限元法相结合的方法，有效地预测并分析人体与山棕床垫的接触应力，不同的人能根据在不同材料的床垫上的体压分布情况选择适合自己的床垫，从而有效减少背部疼痛，提高睡眠质量。2), the present invention effectively predicts and analyzes the contact stress between the human body and the mountain palm mattress through the method of combining the three-dimensional scanning technology and the finite element method, and different people can according to the body pressure distribution on the mattress of different materials Choose a mattress that suits you, which can effectively reduce back pain and improve sleep quality.
3)、本发明具有较强的创新性以及重要的工业价值和应用前景，不仅满足了不同的消费者对于床垫品质的追求，也了在保护环境的前提下，促进床垫的个性化设计的发展，使床垫可以完全贴合人体腰椎、颈椎和胸椎，从而提高床垫对人体的支撑性能，提高睡眠质量。3), the present invention has strong innovation, important industrial value and application prospect, which not only satisfies different consumers' pursuit of mattress quality, but also promotes the personalized design of mattresses under the premise of protecting the environment The development of advanced technology enables the mattress to completely fit the lumbar, cervical and thoracic vertebrae of the human body, thereby improving the supporting performance of the mattress to the human body and improving sleep quality.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是人体3D扫描人体模型示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a human body 3D scanning human body model;
图2是经过逆向处理完成后的人体模型示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a human body model after reverse processing;
图3是人体和床垫的有限元模型示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the finite element model of human body and mattress;
图4是体压分布测试示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of body pressure distribution test;
图5是有限元模拟得到的与床垫间的接触应力示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the contact stress between the finite element simulation and the mattress;
图6是本发明公开的一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的方法的流程步骤图。Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for predicting contact stress between a human body and a mattress disclosed in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment one
如附图6所示的流程图，本实施例提供一种预测人体与山棕床垫间的接触应力的方法，可以预测人体整体于床垫接触部位的体压分布。本发明仅使用Kinect照相机来生成三维人体模型，Kinect相机不会像Computed Tomograph(CT)或磁共振成像MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI)一样给受试者带来辐射的危险，相比更加实用高效。As shown in the flow chart in accompanying drawing 6, this embodiment provides a method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mountain palm mattress, which can predict the body pressure distribution of the whole human body on the contact part of the mattress. The present invention only uses the Kinect camera to generate a three-dimensional human body model, and the Kinect camera does not bring the risk of radiation to the subject like Computed Tomograph (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and is more practical and efficient than that.
本发明提出一种预测人体与山棕床垫间的接触应力的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention proposes a method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mountain palm mattress, comprising the following steps:
S1、对山棕床垫的材料进行压缩试验，得到山棕床垫材料的力学参数。S1. Carry out a compression test on the material of the mountain palm mattress to obtain the mechanical parameters of the mountain palm mattress material.
步骤S1中，山棕试块的大小设定为1900m×810mm×60mm，压缩实验可得，山棕床垫的密度为117.9kg/m3，弹性模量为46.7kPa。In step S1, the size of the mountain palm test block is set to 1900m×810mm×60mm, and the compression test shows that the density of the mountain palm mattress is 117.9kg/m 3 and the modulus of elasticity is 46.7kPa.
S2、使用感应摄像头Kinect(Microsoft Corp.,Seattle,WA,USA)扫描得到人体表面的点云。S2. Use the sensing camera Kinect (Microsoft Corp., Seattle, WA, USA) to scan to obtain the point cloud of the human body surface.
步骤S2中，分别将感应摄像头Kinect置于三个以上的立柱上，每个立柱上都有分别放置于不同高度的三个Kinect，只穿内衣裤的测试者直立于扫描范围内，并保持双臂微张，姿势保持不动大于7s。In step S2, the sensing camera Kinect is placed on more than three uprights respectively, and each upright has three Kinects respectively placed at different heights, and the tester who only wears underwear stands upright within the scanning range and keeps double The arms are slightly opened, and the posture remains motionless for more than 7 seconds.
S3、扫描得到的人体模型用Geomagic Studio进行逆向处理，获得受试者的人体模型。S3. The scanned human body model is reversely processed by Geomagic Studio to obtain the human body model of the subject.
S4、将获得的人体模型导入网格生成软件(ANSYS Workbench Inc.,ver.15.0)，在Engineering Data中输入床垫、人体皮肤和人体肌肉的材料参数，对人体与床垫间的接触应力进行预测。S4, import the obtained human body model into mesh generation software (ANSYS Workbench Inc., ver.15.0), input the material parameters of mattress, human skin and human muscle in Engineering Data, and carry out the contact stress between human body and mattress predict.
步骤S4中，人体肌肉的材料参数和单元特性定义如下：In step S4, the material parameters and element characteristics of human muscles are defined as follows:
人体肌肉采用Mooney-Rivlin超弹性模型，使用Patch Conforming Method将人体肌肉划分为四节点四面体实体单元。The human muscles adopt the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model, and use the Patch Conforming Method to divide the human muscles into four-node tetrahedron solid units.
Mooney-Rivlin模型的应变能函数表述为：The strain energy function of the Mooney-Rivlin model is expressed as:
W＝A1(J1-3)+A2(J2-3)+A3(J3 -2-1)+A4(J3-1)2 (1)W＝A 1 (J 1 -3)+A 2 (J 2 -3)+A 3 (J 3 -2 -1)+A 4 (J 3 -1) 2 (1)
式中，J1,J2,J3是Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量。In the formula, J 1 , J 2 , J 3 are the invariants of the Cauchy-Green strain tensor.
Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量表述为：The Cauchy-Green strain tensor invariant is expressed as:
C＝FT·F (2) C = F T F (2)
式中，F表示变形张量In the formula, F represents the deformation tensor
J1＝trace(C) (3)J 1 ＝trace( C ) (3)
J3＝det(C) (5)J 3 ＝det( C ) (5)
应变能函数对Cauchy-Green应变张量不变量的微分即得到第二Piola-Kirchhoff应力张量，表述如下：The differentiation of the strain energy function to the invariant of the Cauchy-Green strain tensor is the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, which is expressed as follows:
材料参数A1,A2,A3,A4如下：Material parameters A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are as follows:
A1＝1.65kPaA 1 =1.65kPa
A2＝3.35kPaA 2 =3.35kPa
A3＝(1/2)A1+A2 A 3 =(1/2)A 1 +A 2
A4＝{A1(5v-2)+A2(11v-5)}/2(1-2v)A 4 ={A 1 (5v-2)+A 2 (11v-5)}/2(1-2v)
v＝0.49v=0.49
式中，v表示泊松比。In the formula, v represents Poisson's ratio.
步骤S4中，人体皮肤的材料参数和单元特性定义如下：In step S4, the material parameters and element characteristics of human skin are defined as follows:
人体皮肤采用线弹性各向同性模型，人体皮肤定义为2mm，采用三节点三角形壳单元(three-node triangular shell elements)，这种单元是一种具有弯曲能力的三角形单元，皮肤厚度取2mm，杨氏模量取150kPa，泊松比为0.46。The human skin adopts the linear elastic isotropic model, and the human skin is defined as 2mm, using three-node triangular shell elements (three-node triangular shell elements), this element is a triangular element with bending ability, the skin thickness is 2mm, Yang The modulus is 150kPa, and Poisson's ratio is 0.46.
步骤S4中，床垫的材料参数的单元特性和单元特性定义如下：In step S4, the element characteristics and element characteristics of the material parameters of the mattress are defined as follows:
根据实验获得的床垫材料实际的材料参数进行建模，使用自动划分单元的方法将其划分为六面体单元。Modeling is carried out according to the actual material parameters of the mattress material obtained from the experiment, and it is divided into hexahedral units by the method of automatic division of units.
步骤S4中，对人体与山棕床垫在ANSYS Workbench中的求解过程如下：In step S4, the solution process of the human body and the mountain palm mattress in ANSYS Workbench is as follows:
1)整个人体皮肤表面和人体肌肉组织表面设置Bonded接触，Contact面为肌肉组织表面，Target面为整个皮肤表面，接触算法使用Augmented Largrange。对皮肤和床垫的接触方法设置Frictional，摩擦系数为0.4，Contact面为床垫的上表面，Target面为背部皮肤表面，由于床垫和人体都较为柔软，接触刚度应在实际情况下尽量调小，使用Eachiteration进行迭代运算，使用Add Offset.No Ramping，使接触在第一个子步完成加载1) Bonded contact is set on the entire human skin surface and human muscle tissue surface, the Contact surface is the muscle tissue surface, the Target surface is the entire skin surface, and the contact algorithm uses Augmented Largerange. Set Frictional for the contact method between the skin and the mattress, and the friction coefficient is 0.4. The Contact surface is the upper surface of the mattress, and the Target surface is the back skin surface. Since the mattress and the human body are relatively soft, the contact stiffness should be adjusted as much as possible under actual conditions. Small, use Eachiteration for iterative operation, use Add Offset.No Ramping, so that the contact is loaded in the first substep
2)加载方式采用床垫底部不动，即将床垫底面用固定约束，在人体模型上施加重力。打开大变形(Large Deflection)开关，载荷步通过子步数来定义，初始步长定义为30，最小步长定义为5，最大步长定义为100，最后进行求解。2) The loading method adopts that the bottom of the mattress does not move, that is, the bottom surface of the mattress is fixedly restrained, and gravity is exerted on the human body model. Turn on the Large Deflection switch, the load step is defined by the number of substeps, the initial step size is defined as 30, the minimum step size is defined as 5, the maximum step size is defined as 100, and finally the solution is performed.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例公开一种预测人体与床垫间的接触应力的有限元模拟方法，具体步骤如下：This embodiment discloses a finite element simulation method for predicting the contact stress between the human body and the mattress, and the specific steps are as follows:
首先，对山棕材料进行大量压缩实验来测定山棕床垫的力学性能，对实验得到的应力应变数据进行线性拟合，得到其力学常数。First of all, a large number of compression experiments were carried out on the mountain palm material to measure the mechanical properties of the mountain palm mattress, and the stress-strain data obtained from the experiment were linearly fitted to obtain its mechanical constants.
其次，用压力分布测量系统Tactilus测定选定的人体在仰卧在山棕床垫上的体压分布，获得选定人体的体压数据。Secondly, use the pressure distribution measurement system Tactilus to measure the body pressure distribution of the selected human body lying supine on the mountain palm mattress, and obtain the body pressure data of the selected human body.
再次，对选定的人体进行三维扫描获得人体外部轮廓，由于扫描得到的是点云数据，用逆向软件Geomagic Studio对人体扫描数据进行处理，得到人体的实体模型。Thirdly, the selected human body is scanned three-dimensionally to obtain the outer contour of the human body. Since the scanned body is point cloud data, the scanned data of the human body is processed with the reverse software Geomagic Studio to obtain the physical model of the human body.
最后，将得到的人体实体模型和山棕材料参数导入有限元软件中，建立由皮肤和肌肉组织构成的人体模型，预测人体模型与床垫之间的接触压力，并提出了使用皮尔逊系数来比较实验值与模拟值的相关度。考虑人-床系统的几何非线性、材料非线性和接触非线性，模拟了多种人体和床垫的材料模型在不同情况下的接触应力，比较分析了各种模拟情况下的最大接触应力、平均应力值和相关度的变化规律及影响因素。Finally, import the obtained human body model and mountain palm material parameters into the finite element software, establish a human body model composed of skin and muscle tissue, predict the contact pressure between the human body model and the mattress, and propose the use of Pearson coefficient to Compare the correlation between the experimental and simulated values. Considering the geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity of the human-bed system, the contact stress of various human body and mattress material models under different conditions was simulated, and the maximum contact stress, Variation rules and influencing factors of average stress value and correlation degree.
结果表明，人体皮肤使用线弹性模型、肌肉组织使用超弹性Mooney-Rivlin模型的仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好；肌肉组织使用超弹性模型比线弹性模型更能准确的模拟人体仰卧时的接触应力；建立了皮肤的人体模型比没有建立皮肤的人体模型模拟得到的接触应力更接近实际人体体压分布；有限元模拟中，床垫密度和人体皮肤厚度在一定范围内的变化对接触压力分布情况的影响比较小。The results show that the simulation results of the human skin using the linear elastic model and the muscle tissue using the hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin model are in good agreement with the experimental results; the muscle tissue using the hyperelastic model can more accurately simulate the contact stress when the human body is lying on its back than the linear elastic model ; The contact stress simulated by the human body model with skin is closer to the actual human body pressure distribution than the human body model without skin; in the finite element simulation, the change of mattress density and human skin thickness within a certain range has a great The impact is relatively small.
本预测方法得到的人体与床垫间的接触应力和压力分布测量系统Tactilus相比，平均应力、最大应力值非常接近且皮尔逊相关系数为强相关，有限元模拟方法只需获得人体模型和床垫的材料参数，就能够很好地预测人体与床垫间的接触应力，因此，本预测方法提出的有限元建模和计算方法为优化床垫的设计提供了依据，通过对压力分布的测量结果的评估，可以帮助设计者或制造商优化材料的选择，对于床垫的私人定制具有一定的实际意义。Compared with the contact stress between the human body and the mattress obtained by this prediction method and the pressure distribution measurement system Tactilus, the average stress and maximum stress values are very close and the Pearson correlation coefficient is a strong correlation. The finite element simulation method only needs to obtain the human body model and the bed. The material parameters of the mattress can predict the contact stress between the human body and the mattress well. Therefore, the finite element modeling and calculation method proposed by this prediction method provides a basis for optimizing the design of the mattress. Through the measurement of the pressure distribution The evaluation of the results can help designers or manufacturers optimize the selection of materials, and has certain practical significance for the private customization of mattresses.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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