CN108896401A - A kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas - Google Patents
A kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN108896401A CN108896401A CN201811015269.1A CN201811015269A CN108896401A CN 108896401 A CN108896401 A CN 108896401A CN 201811015269 A CN201811015269 A CN 201811015269A CN 108896401 A CN108896401 A CN 108896401A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading heads of drive of high-pressure gas, including cylinder body, piston and load bar, outer cylinder is fixed in hydraulic chamber, sliding is provided with inner cylinder in outer cylinder, the first damping hole and the second damping hole are respectively equipped on the bottom end of inner cylinder and side wall, cylinder body is equipped with unidirectional fuel feed hole and unidirectional oil outlet, unidirectional fuel feed hole, outer cylinder, first damping hole, inner cylinder, second damping hole, hydraulic chamber is sequentially connected to composition damping oil circuit with unidirectional oil outlet, air-pressure chamber passes through the high pressure gas servo valve being arranged on cylinder body and is connected to external high pressure gas source, oil sealing layer is equipped with positioned at the top of piston in air-pressure chamber, it is located at the hydraulic oil pressure gauge for being equipped in oil sealing layer and communicating to connect with high pressure gas servo valve on piston.The present invention overcomes the deficiencies that current test machine hydraulic loaded head is not used to drive of high-pressure gas testing machine to improve loading accuracy and system stability and reliability while reducing experimental test energy consumption and cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics experiment equipment technical field more particularly to a kind of rock mechanics of drive of high-pressure gas
Testing machine loading head.
Background technique
Electro-hydraulic servo testing machine is widely used in rock mechanics experiment testing field, it is to drive booster pump by motor,
Hydraulic oil is pressed into oil cylinder, active force is applied to the piston in oil cylinder, by the compression bar that is connected on piston to rock sample
It is further applied load.Since the bulk compressibility modulus of hydraulic oil is very big (the GPa order of magnitude), when rock sample occurs less under load action
Perhaps when compressive deformation, hydraulic oil will pressure sharply declines due to volume dilatation, in order to maintain hydraulic oil to apply according to testing program
Loading carries, and motor and booster pump want the moment to keep work, and it is main that this is also that rock mechanics experiment project energy consumption is high, noise is big
Reason.
Under no external interference, gas has from high-pressure area to the attribute of area of low pressure neous flow, that is, does not need outer
Portion provides energy, and high pressure gas spontaneous will flow to low-pressure area.Therefore, if being driven using high pressure or extra-high as power
Hydraulic oil applies active force to piston, can solve the high problem of rock mechanics experiment energy consumption, but existing testing machine is hydraulic
Loading head can not be used for drive of high-pressure gas testing machine, this is because：According to equation of gaseous state, when temperature-resistant, gas volume
Expansion is twice, and pressure only reduces half；After rock sample is surrendered, since the pressure of high pressure gas does not subtract substantially
Small, under high pressure gas effect, hydraulic oil will continue to driving piston and act in oil cylinder, but since rock sample has lost carrying
Power can not provide resistance, can quick washing cylinder pedestal so as to cause piston.
The hydraulic loaded head of existing testing machine, then need not worry about this problem, this is because hydraulic oil is losing rock
After the resistance of sample, volume only needs dilatation is indivisible can lay down completely pressure, in addition the initial velocity of piston ram is not yet
Greatly, in shorter downward storke can stop motion, do not need to take hydraulic loaded head special safeguard measure.This is also meaned
?：In order to reduce the energy consumption in rock mechanics experiment test process, power is done using high pressure gas and carries out rock mechanics examination
When testing, need to redesign the hydraulic loaded head of existing testing machine.
Summary of the invention
The application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.For this purpose, an object of the present invention
It is to provide a kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas, to solve, existing hydraulic servo testing machine is hydraulic to be added
Carrier head cannot be used directly for the problem of drive of high-pressure gas testing machine.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas, including：
Inside is formed with the cylinder body of airtight cavity；
The airtight cavity in the cylinder body and then is divided into independently of one another by piston, the mobile configuration of energy axial reciprocating
Superposed air-pressure chamber and hydraulic chamber positioned at lower part；
Load bar is fixedly connected with the piston and is pierced by from the hydraulic chamber to outside the cylinder body；
Be fixed with outer cylinder in the hydraulic chamber, in the outer cylinder matching sliding be provided with in the gas piston linkage
Cylinder, is respectively equipped with the first damping hole and the second damping hole on the bottom end of the inner cylinder and side wall, the cylinder body be equipped with unidirectionally into
Oilhole and unidirectional oil outlet, the unidirectional fuel feed hole, outer cylinder, the first damping hole, inner cylinder, the second damping hole, hydraulic chamber and unidirectional
Oil outlet is sequentially connected to composition damping oil circuit, and the air-pressure chamber passes through the high pressure gas servo valve being arranged on cylinder body and outside is high
Pressurized air source connection, the interior top positioned at the piston of the air-pressure chamber are equipped with oil sealing layer, are located at the oil sealing layer on the piston
It is interior equipped with the hydraulic oil pressure gauge communicated to connect with high pressure gas servo valve.
Further, the outer cylinder is docked with the sealed bottom of the hydraulic chamber, the inner cylinder stretch out one end of outer cylinder with
The piston seal docking.
Further, it is equipped with positioned at the two sides of the piston in the airtight cavity and piston motion stroke is limited
Locating part, the locating part are equipped with elastic cushion towards the piston end.
Further, the elastic cushion is rubber pad.
Further, the outer cylinder quantity is multiple, is evenly arranged in the periphery of load bar
Further, the elastic cushion is equipped with corrugated fluctuating towards the end face of piston.
Further, when the piston and the indoor locating part of air pressure contact, the inner cylinder is inserted into the length of the outer cylinder
Not less than the outer diameter of 2 times of inner cylinders.
Further, second damping hole is arranged close to the piston and is circumferentially evenly distributed with along inner cylinder.
Further, the unidirectional fuel feed hole passes through external oil pipe with unidirectional oil outlet respectively and is connected with fuel tank, the list
Oil pump is provided on the external oil pipe of fuel feed hole.
Further, the high pressure gas servo valve has independent air inlet and exhaust outlet, air inlet and external high pressure
Gas source communicates, and exhaust outlet is communicated by hydrocarbon filter device with atmosphere.
Further, when the piston and the indoor locating part of air pressure contact, the oil sealing layer and the air-pressure chamber roof
Between there are gaps.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1, drive of high-pressure gas hydraulic oil does work to piston, and low energy consumption, noise is small, precision is high；
2, piston impact energy can be absorbed, piston and oil cylinder are protected；
3, control principle is simple, and structure composition is succinct, high reliablity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is loading head three-dimensional overall scheme in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is loading head vertical section schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is substructure schematic diagram in loading head in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is loading head internal upper part structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that piston protects damper thin portion structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, a kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas, including it is cylinder body 1, piston 2, slow
Stop 3, high pressure gas servo valve 4, hydraulic oil pressure gauge 5, unidirectional fuel feed hole 6, unidirectional oil outlet 7 are rushed, in 1 inside shape of cylinder body
At there is airtight cavity.Piston 2 is axially reciprocal in mobile configuration airtight cavity, so that airtight cavity is divided into independently of one another
Superposed air-pressure chamber 8 and hydraulic chamber 9 positioned at lower part, be fixedly connected in the bottom of piston 2 from 9 bottom end of hydraulic chamber and wear
It out to the load bar 10 outside cylinder body 1, buffers stop 3 and is arranged in hydraulic chamber 9, including outer cylinder 301 and inner cylinder 302, outer cylinder 301
It is fixedly mounted in hydraulic chamber 9, the matching of inner cylinder 302 is slidably arranged in outer cylinder 301 and interlocks with piston 2, at the bottom of inner cylinder 302
The first damping hole 303 and the second damping hole 304 are respectively equipped on end and side wall, unidirectional fuel feed hole 6 and the setting of unidirectional oil outlet 7 exist
The bottom end of cylinder body 1, unidirectional fuel feed hole 6, outer cylinder 301, the first damping hole 303, inner cylinder 302, the second damping hole 304,9 and of hydraulic chamber
Unidirectional oil outlet 7 is sequentially connected to composition damping oil circuit, and the top of cylinder body 1 is arranged in high pressure gas servo valve 4, and air-pressure chamber 8 passes through
The high pressure gas servo valve 4 is connected to external high pressure gas source, is equipped with oil sealing layer 11, oil sealing positioned at the top of piston 2 in air-pressure chamber 8
Layer 11 is one layer of hydraulic fluid interface being filled in air-pressure chamber 9, and hydraulic oil pressure gauge 5, which is arranged in oil sealing layer 11, to be located on piston 2
Side is simultaneously communicated to connect by external computer and high pressure gas servo valve 4, setting hydraulic fluid interface 11 can prevent high pressure gas into
Enter in hydraulic chamber 9, and then the damping force of damping oil circuit can be improved.In the present embodiment, high pressure gas servo valve 4 is existing structure
Details are not described herein.
During actual fabrication, cylinder body 1 is by hollow cylinder 101 and the upper end cover for being sealingly disposed in hollow cylinder both ends
102 and lower cover 103 form, because air-pressure chamber 8 needs to bear biggish pressure, therefore upper end cover 102 can be using the side of welding
Formula is connect with hollow cylinder 101, and comparatively pressure that oil pressure chamber 9 is born is smaller, what lower cover 103 can be connected by screw bolts
Mode is connect with hollow cylinder 101.
The present invention has energy consumption compared to existing oil pressure loading method using high pressure gas as the power of loading head for the first time
It is low, noise is small, feature with high accuracy.The air inlet speed of high pressure gas is automatically controlled using the real time data of hydraulic oil pressure gauge feedback
Rate, and then loaded load is adjusted, have the advantages that control principle is simple, structure composition is succinct, high reliablity.The present invention is used for rock
When stone sample loads, after rock sample destroys, pass through the groups such as the first damping hole, the second damping hole, hydraulic chamber, unidirectional oil outlet
At the flow resistance that generates of damping oil circuit act on piston, to reduce the shock loading of load bar, reach and absorb piston punching
Energy is hit, the purpose of piston and oil cylinder is protected.
Specifically, outer cylinder 301 is docked with the sealed bottom of hydraulic chamber 9, inner cylinder 302 stretches out one end and the work of outer cylinder 301
2 sealing docking of plug can be welded seal or glue as specific connection type to improve the damping force of entire damping oil circuit
Viscous sealing etc..The arrangement form of second damping hole 304 can use：It is arranged close to piston and circumferential uniformly distributed along inner cylinder 302, thus
It can achieve the purpose that reduce by 2 shock loading of piston to greatest extent.
In particular, buffering 3 quantity of stop is multiple, and when being evenly arranged in the periphery of load bar 10, can uniformly inhale
Accept orders for repairs or processing plug 2 shock loading, further prevent piston 2 destroy.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, unidirectional fuel feed hole 6 is with unidirectional oil outlet 7 respectively by external oil pipe and fuel tank (in figure
It is not shown) it is connected, oil pump (not shown) is provided on the external oil pipe of unidirectional fuel feed hole 6.High pressure gas servo valve 4 has
Independent air inlet 401 and exhaust outlet 402, air inlet 401 are communicated with external high pressure gas source, and exhaust outlet 402 passes through hydrocarbon filter
Device (not shown) is communicated with atmosphere.
It should be noted that in practical applications, top locating part 12 can also be installed in air-pressure chamber 8, in hydraulic chamber 9
Interior to install lower limit part 13, piston 2 is arranged between top locating part 12 and lower limit part 13, limits on top
Elastic cushion 14 can also be set on part 12 and the corresponding end face of lower limit part 13, between piston 2 and lower limit part 13
Maximum net makees the movement travel of piston 2 by top locating part 12 and lower limit part 13 away from the free travel for being less than inner cylinder
It limits, so that piston 2 can only move between top locating part 12 and lower limit part 13, prevents piston straight so as to play
The generation for hitting cylinder body problem is connect, absorbs piston impact energy, 2 He of effective protection piston using the flexible deformation that elastic cushion generates
Cylinder body 1.Specifically elastic cushion 14 can be made of rubber, polyurethane etc. with the material of energy absorption performance.
In actual design, on end face of the elastic cushion 14 towards piston 2 be equipped with corrugated fluctuating, can be effectively prevented because
The generation of 2 return difficult problem of piston caused by sucker phenomenon.When piston 2 and top locating part 12 contact, oil sealing layer 11 with
There are gaps between 8 roof of air-pressure chamber, so that high pressure gas can be realized with Fast Filling air-pressure chamber and be loaded in load, may be used also
The supply gas pressure to high-pressure air source is effectively reduced.
When in view of the leakproofness of inner cylinder 302 and outer cylinder 301, to prevent hydraulic oil between inner cylinder 302 and outer cylinder 301
Gap outflow and reduce damping force, when piston 2 and top locating part 12 contact, inner cylinder 302 is inserted into the length of outer cylinder 301
Not less than the outer diameter of 2 times of inner cylinders.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows：
When preloading：It will be full of hydraulic oil in hydraulic chamber, while opening unidirectional oil outlet 7, opens high pressure gas servo
Air inlet 401 on valve 4, high pressure gas is slowly injected into atmospheric pressure cavity 8, and maintain low voltage level, bar 10 and rock to be loaded
After stone sample close contact, air inlet switch is closed.
When load：Unidirectional oil outlet 7 and the open state of air inlet 401 is kept to pass through according to loading speed is preset
Hydraulic oil pressure gauge 5 monitors oil sealing stressor layer in real time, and data Real-time Feedback is controlled program to the control program in computer
According to the loading speed of setting, judgement needs to increase flow and still reduces flow, then sends commands to high pressure gas by computer
Body servo valve makes movement, until rock sample destroys, simultaneously closes off air inlet 401.
Load protection：Due to the axial deformation very little of rock sample in loading procedure, 2 downstream rate of piston is very slow, and band
Dynamic inner cylinder 302 slowly declines in outer cylinder 301, at this point, the hydraulic oil being located in outer cylinder 301 will pass through the first damping hole 303
Hydraulic chamber 9, hydraulic chamber 9 lower part will be entered by the second damping hole 304 into inner cylinder 302, positioned at the hydraulic oil of inner cylinder 302
Hydraulic oil will enter external fuel tank by unidirectional oil outlet 7, during this, since hydraulic oil flow rate is minimum, and suffered resistance
It is negligible.
Destroy protection：When rock sample destroys, the pressure in high pressure gas will continue to driving hydraulic oil almost without reduction
It does work to piston 2, piston 2 passes through the resistance that load bar 10 transmits due to losing rock sample, and acceleration is moved downward, and pushes away
Dynamic inner cylinder 302 accelerates in outer cylinder 301, with the increase of downstream rate, passes through the first damping hole 303, the second damping hole
304 and the hydraulic oil flow rate of unidirectional oil outlet 7 increase, resistance also increases accordingly, and reaching reduces piston impact load and energy-absorbing
Purpose, when flow resistance and high pressure gas active force reach balance, piston remains a constant speed movement, on lower limit part 13
Rubber pad 14 will bear the active force of piston, and absorb the impact kinetic energy of piston.
Return protection：Corrugated fluctuating is made on rubber pad 14, it is living caused by can be effectively prevented because of sucker phenomenon
Fill in 2 returns difficulty.
The present invention overcomes the deficiency that current test machine hydraulic loaded head is not used to drive of high-pressure gas testing machine,
By the redesign to load header structure, it is able to use high pressure gas and does power completion rock mechanics experiment test item, drop
While low experimental test energy consumption and cost, loading accuracy and system stability and reliability are improved.
Above-described embodiment is only to clearly demonstrate this examples made by the present invention, rather than the restriction to embodiment.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.Here without can not be also exhaustive to all embodiments.And thus amplify out it is obvious variation or
It changes still among this protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas, including：
Inside is formed with the cylinder body of airtight cavity；
Piston, the mobile configuration of energy axial reciprocating are divided into position independent of each other in the cylinder body and then by the airtight cavity
Air-pressure chamber in top and the hydraulic chamber positioned at lower part；
Load bar is fixedly connected with the piston and is pierced by from the hydraulic chamber to outside the cylinder body；
It is characterized in that：Outer cylinder is fixed in the hydraulic chamber, matching sliding is provided in the outer cylinder connects with the piston
Dynamic inner cylinder is respectively equipped with the first damping hole and the second damping hole on the bottom end of the inner cylinder and side wall, and the cylinder body is equipped with
Unidirectional fuel feed hole and unidirectional oil outlet, the unidirectional fuel feed hole, outer cylinder, the first damping hole, inner cylinder, the second damping hole, hydraulic chamber
Sequentially be connected to composition damping oil circuit with unidirectional oil outlet, the air-pressure chamber pass through the high pressure gas servo valve that is arranged on cylinder body with
The connection of external high pressure gas source, the interior top positioned at the piston of the air-pressure chamber are equipped with oil sealing layer, are located on the piston described
The hydraulic oil pressure gauge communicated to connect with high pressure gas servo valve is equipped in oil sealing layer.
2. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described outer
Cylinder is docked with the sealed bottom of the hydraulic chamber, and one end that the inner cylinder stretches out outer cylinder is docked with the piston seal.
3. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described close
The locating part limited to piston motion stroke is equipped in closed chamber body positioned at the two sides of the piston, the locating part is towards institute
Piston end is stated equipped with elastic cushion.
4. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described outer
Cylinder quantity be it is multiple, be evenly arranged in the periphery of load bar.
5. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The bullet
Property pad towards piston end face be equipped with corrugated fluctuating.
6. according to the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of the described in any item drive of high-pressure gas of claim 3-5, feature exists
In：When the piston and the indoor locating part of air pressure contact, the length that the inner cylinder is inserted into the outer cylinder is described not less than 2 times interior
The outer diameter of cylinder.
7. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 1-5, feature exist
In：Second damping hole is arranged close to the piston and is circumferentially evenly distributed with along inner cylinder.
8. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 1-5, feature exist
In：The unidirectional fuel feed hole passes through external oil pipe with unidirectional oil outlet respectively and is connected with fuel tank, the unidirectional fuel feed hole it is external
Oil pump is provided on oil pipe.
9. the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of drive of high-pressure gas according to claim 1-5, feature exist
In：The high pressure gas servo valve has independent air inlet and exhaust outlet, and air inlet is communicated with external high pressure gas source, exhaust outlet
It is communicated by hydrocarbon filter device with atmosphere.
10. according to the rock mechanics experiment machine loading head of the described in any item drive of high-pressure gas of claim 3-5, feature exists
In：When the piston and the indoor locating part of air pressure contact, there are gaps between the oil sealing layer and the air-pressure chamber roof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811015269.1A CN108896401B (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | High-pressure gas driven rock mechanical testing machine loading head |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811015269.1A CN108896401B (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | High-pressure gas driven rock mechanical testing machine loading head |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108896401A true CN108896401A (en) | 2018-11-27 |
| CN108896401B CN108896401B (en) | 2021-04-16 |
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| CN201811015269.1A Active CN108896401B (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | High-pressure gas driven rock mechanical testing machine loading head |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113984533A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Component surface pressure loading device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108896401B (en) | 2021-04-16 |
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