CN108894258B - Method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile group foundation - Google Patents
Method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile group foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108894258B CN108894258B CN201810300789.0A CN201810300789A CN108894258B CN 108894258 B CN108894258 B CN 108894258B CN 201810300789 A CN201810300789 A CN 201810300789A CN 108894258 B CN108894258 B CN 108894258B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/08—Investigation of foundation soil in situ after finishing the foundation structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile foundation of a pile groupThe pile top average stress F is measured by using the axial force monitor0Calculating the area of the pile top as S0The inter-pile soil pressure box is buried at the bottom of the bearing platform and is connected with an external pressure monitor, and the average stress F of the inter-pile soil is measured by the pressure monitor1Calculating the area of soil between piles as S1(ii) a The pile-soil load sharing ratio K of the bearing platform under different settlement amounts is (F)0*S0)/(F1*S1). The method can rapidly measure the pile-soil load sharing ratio coefficient, can obviously reduce the number of in-situ tests or model tests, is convenient to operate, greatly reduces the test workload, and reduces the test cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pile foundation engineering, and particularly relates to a method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile group foundation.
Background
Along with the development of urban construction, large-scale group pile foundations are more and more widely applied, after the group pile foundations are subjected to vertical load, due to the interaction of a bearing platform, piles and soil, properties such as pile side resistance, pile end resistance and settlement of the group pile foundations are changed and are different from those of single piles, model tests and engineering actual measurement show that under a certain condition, the bearing capacity of the group pile is higher than the sum of the bearing capacities of the single piles, the resistance of a soil body under the bearing platform is considered, the bearing capacity of the group pile foundations can be effectively improved, and the large-scale group pile foundations have great economic benefits.
A calculation formula is provided for calculating the characteristic value of the vertical bearing capacity of the composite foundation pile considering the bearing platform effect in the technical specification of the building pile foundation (JGJ94-2008), the design level of the vertical bearing capacity of the pile group foundation is improved powerfully, the engineering cost is reduced, the difference of the soil body resistance of the soil body under the bearing platform under different settlement amounts is not considered in the calculation formula, and the value of the bearing platform effect coefficient in the calculation formula under the same condition is an interval, but the specific value is not clear. The existing test method for the pile-soil load sharing ratio of the pile group foundation needs to carry out a pile-soil load sharing ratio test under different combination conditions of influencing factors such as pile diameter, pile length, size of a bearing platform, settlement and the like, needs a large amount of in-situ tests or model tests, is complex to operate, has great test workload, reduces the working efficiency and increases the test cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the pile-soil load sharing ratio of a pile group foundation, which is convenient to operate, high in efficiency and low in cost.
The invention provides a method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile foundation of a pile group, which adopts a displacement lifting device and an inter-pile soil pressure box;
the displacement lifting device comprises a lifting actuator, a displacement sensor, an axial force meter, an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an upper flange and a lower flange, wherein the lifting actuator, the displacement sensor and the axial force meter are positioned in the inner sleeve and fixedly connected with the inner sleeve;
wherein, displacement sensor, axle power meter are connected with displacement monitor, axle power monitor outside respectively, obtain the settlement volume of cushion cap through the displacement monitor, utilize the axle power monitor to record pile bolck average stress F0Calculating the area of the pile top as S0；
The inter-pile soil pressure box is buried at the bottom of the bearing platform and is connected with an external pressure monitor, and the average stress F of the inter-pile soil is measured by the pressure monitor1Calculating the area of soil between piles as S1；
The pile-soil load sharing ratio K of the bearing platform under different settlement amounts is calculated by the following formula:
K＝(F0*S0)/(F1*S1)。
in one embodiment, the lift actuator includes a hydraulic jack and a hydraulic servo disposed on the ground to control the settlement of the platform.
In one embodiment, the lifting actuator, the displacement sensor, the axial force meter and the inner sleeve are fixedly connected through an internal bracket.
In one embodiment, the displacement monitor, the axial force monitor and the pressure monitor are respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the axial force meter and the inter-pile soil pressure box through reading cables so as to monitor the changes of displacement, axial force and inter-pile soil stress in real time and lock the displacement when the sedimentation displacement required by the test is achieved.
In one embodiment, the pile foundation is constructed by adopting a cast-in-place pile, bolts are welded to a reinforcement cage of the pile foundation before concrete is poured, and after the concrete is solidified and hardened, a lower flange of the displacement lifting device is fixedly connected with the pile foundation through nuts.
In one embodiment, a plurality of inter-pile soil pressure cells are arranged on the foundation soil of the bearing platform, and the inter-pile soil pressure cells are positioned on the center line and the diagonal line between pile foundations so as to test the average stress of the inter-pile soil.
In one embodiment, the inter-pile soil pressure cell is a steel string pressure test cell.
In one embodiment, a reinforced steel backing plate is fixed between the upper flange of the displacement lifting device and the bearing platform to prevent the displacement lifting device from sinking into the bearing platform after being stressed.
In one embodiment, the upper flange of the displacement lifting device is fixed with the reinforced steel backing plate through bolts, a bearing platform template is installed from the reinforced steel backing plate, bearing platform steel bars are arranged, and bearing platform concrete is poured to enable the reinforced steel backing plate, the bolts and the bearing platform to form a whole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the device adopted by the method for testing the pile-soil load sharing ratio of the pile foundation of the grouped piles is simple in structure, the displacement lifting device is utilized to realize the settlement control of the bearing platform, and the calculation of the pile-soil load sharing ratio under the condition of the settlement amount of any given bearing platform is realized through the inter-pile soil pressure cell at the bottom of the bearing platform, so that the purpose of testing the pile-soil load sharing ratio under the conditions of different loads and different settlement amounts of the bearing platform is achieved, the coefficient of the pile-soil load sharing ratio can be rapidly measured, the number of groups of in-situ tests or model tests can be remarkably reduced, the operation is convenient, the test workload is greatly reduced, the test cost is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, the working principle of the pile foundation of the grouped piles is mastered, the reasonable design is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement lifting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a model diagram of pile-foundation soil load sharing ratio testing of pile group according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the burying position of the inter-pile soil pressure cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-displacement lifting device; 2-an inter-pile soil pressure cell; 3-lifting actuator; 4-a displacement sensor; 5-axial force meter; 6, an inner sleeve; 7-an outer sleeve; 8, an upper flange; 9-lower flange; 10, a bearing platform; 11-pile foundation; 12-displacement monitor; 13-axial force monitor; 14-a pressure monitor; 15-hydraulic servo; 16-built-in support; 17-a bolt; and 18, reinforcing the steel backing plate.
Detailed Description
The following describes the specific implementation of the model test with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile foundation of a group of piles, which adopts a displacement lifting device 1 and an inter-pile soil pressure box 2;
the displacement lifting device 1 comprises a lifting actuator 3, a displacement sensor 4, an axial force meter 5, an inner sleeve 6, an outer sleeve 7, an upper flange 8 and a lower flange 9, wherein the lifting actuator 3, the displacement sensor 4 and the axial force meter 5 are positioned inside the inner sleeve 6 and fixedly connected with the inner sleeve 6, the displacement sensor 4 and the axial force meter 5 are installed at the top end of the lifting actuator 3, the inner sleeve 6 is positioned in the outer sleeve 7 and can slide up and down relative to the outer sleeve 7, the axial force meter 5 and the inner sleeve 6 are connected with the lower end of the upper flange 8, the upper end of the upper flange 8 is connected with a bearing platform 10, the lower ends of the lifting actuator 3 and the outer sleeve 7 are connected with the upper end of the lower flange 9, the lower end of the lower flange 9 is fixedly connected with a pile foundation 11, and the bearing platform 10 is lifted through the up-down displacement of the lifting;
wherein, the displacement sensor 4 and the axial force meter 5 are respectively connected with an external displacement monitor 12 and an external axial force monitor 13, the settlement of the bearing platform 10 is obtained through the displacement monitor 12, and the average stress F of the pile top is measured through the axial force monitor 130Calculating the area of the pile top as S0；
The inter-pile soil pressure box 2 is buried at the bottom of the bearing platform 10, the inter-pile soil pressure box 2 is connected with an external pressure monitor 14, and the average stress F of the inter-pile soil is measured by the pressure monitor 141Calculating the area of soil between piles as S1；
The pile-soil load sharing ratio K of the bearing platform under different settlement amounts is calculated by the following formula:
K＝(F0*S0)/(F1*S1)。
the lifting actuator 3 comprises a hydraulic expansion piece and an external hydraulic servo 15, the hydraulic servo 15 provides power for the hydraulic expansion piece, and the hydraulic expansion piece is used for lifting the displacement of the bearing platform.
The lifting actuator 3, the displacement sensor 4, the axial force meter 5 and the inner sleeve 6 are fixedly connected through an internal bracket 16.
The displacement monitor 12, the axial force monitor 13 and the pressure monitor 14 are respectively connected with the displacement sensor 4, the axial force meter 5 and the inter-pile soil pressure box 2 through reading cables so as to monitor the changes of displacement, axial force and inter-pile soil stress in real time, and the displacement is locked when the settlement displacement meeting the test requirement is reached.
A plurality of inter-pile soil pressure boxes 2 are arranged on the foundation soil of the bearing platform 10, and the inter-pile soil pressure boxes 2 are positioned on the center line and the diagonal line between the pile foundations, as shown in fig. 3.
In this embodiment, the inter-pile soil pressure box is a steel string type pressure test box.
The invention relates to a method for testing pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile foundation of a group of piles, which comprises the following steps:
mounting a displacement lifting device;
(II) mounting an inter-pile soil pressure box;
and (III) measuring the load sharing ratio coefficient of the pile soil.
The method for testing the pile-soil load sharing ratio of the pile foundation disclosed by the invention is described in the following by a specific embodiment.
Mounting of displacement lifting device
The model of the embodiment is a four-pile cap, as shown in fig. 2, the test uses a cast-in-place pile with a diameter of 300mm, the pile length is 8m, and the size of the cap is 1650mm × 1650mm × 700 mm.
(1) Adopting a cast-in-place pile construction mode, welding 6 bolts with the length of 210mm to a reinforcement cage of a pile foundation before pouring concrete, and connecting and fixing a lower flange of a displacement lifting device with the pile foundation after the concrete is solidified and hardened;
(2) an upper flange of the displacement lifting device is connected with a reinforced steel backing plate through 6 bolts with the length of 210mm, and the size of the reinforced steel backing plate is 400mm multiplied by 25 mm;
(3) the hydraulic servo, the displacement monitor and the axial force monitor of the displacement lifting device are installed on the surface of the soil body beside the bearing platform to facilitate observation, the displacement monitor and the axial force monitor are respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the axial force meter through reading cables, and the exposed cables are taken as protection measures.
(II) installation of inter-pile soil pressure cell
(1) Flattening the bottom surface before pouring the bearing platform, paving medium sand with the thickness of 30mm on foundation soil of the bearing platform, then placing a pressure box, then placing a plain concrete cushion with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the position for embedding the pressure box under the bearing platform is shown in figure 3, and the inter-pile soil pressure box is connected with a pressure monitor and is installed on the surface of soil body beside the bearing platform for convenient observation;
(2) and installing a bearing platform template from the reinforced steel base plate, then arranging bearing platform reinforcing steel bars, and pouring bearing platform concrete to enable the reinforced steel base plate, the bolts and the bearing platform to form a whole.
(III) determination of pile-soil load sharing ratio coefficient
The test of the pile-soil load sharing ratio coefficient is carried out in two groups in the embodiment.
(1) Applying 8000kN load on the upper part of the bearing platform, controlling the settlement of the bearing platform by a displacement lifting device to be 10mm, and respectively taking the average value of readings of an axial force monitor and a pressure monitor as the average stress F of the pile top according to the data obtained by the devices0Mean stress of soil between piles F1Calculating the area of the pile top as S0＝4πR2＝0.2826m2Area S of soil between piles1＝1.65×1.65-4πR2＝2.4399m2Obtaining a pile-soil load sharing ratio K, respectively controlling the settlement of the bearing platform to 15mm and 20mm by the displacement lifting device, and repeating the operations to obtain a corresponding pile-soil load ratio K;
(2) continuously applying load to 9000kN on the upper part of the bearing platform, controlling the settlement of the bearing platform by a displacement lifting device to be 25mm, and respectively taking the average values of readings of an axial force monitor and a pressure monitor as the average stress F of the pile top according to the data obtained by the devices0Mean stress of soil between piles F1Calculating the area of the pile top as S0＝0.2826m2Area S of soil between piles1＝2.4399m2And obtaining a pile-soil load sharing ratio K, respectively controlling the settlement of the bearing platform to 30mm and 35mm by the displacement lifting device, and repeating the operations to obtain the corresponding pile-soil load ratio K.
TABLE 1 calculation of pile-soil load sharing ratio
Therefore, the test method can realize the settlement control of the bearing platform by means of the displacement expansion piece arranged between the pile top and the bearing platform, thereby realizing the measurement of the pile-soil load sharing ratio under the conditions of different loads and different settlement amounts of the bearing platform.
Claims (9)
1. A testing method for pile-soil load sharing ratio of pile foundation of a pile group is characterized in that a displacement lifting device (1) and an inter-pile soil pressure box (2) are adopted in the method;
the displacement lifting device (1) comprises a lifting actuator (3), a displacement sensor (4), an axial force meter (5), an inner sleeve (6), an outer sleeve (7), an upper flange (8) and a lower flange (9), wherein the lifting actuator (3), the displacement sensor (4) and the axial force meter (5) are positioned in the inner sleeve (6) and fixedly connected with the inner sleeve (6), the displacement sensor (4) and the axial force meter (5) are arranged at the top end of the lifting actuator (3), the inner sleeve (6) is positioned in the outer sleeve (7) and can slide up and down relative to the outer sleeve (7), the axial force meter (5) and the inner sleeve (6) are connected with the lower end of the upper flange (8), the upper end of the upper flange (8) is connected with a bearing platform (10), the lower ends of the lifting actuator (3) and the outer sleeve (7) are connected with the upper end of the lower flange (9), the lower end of the lower flange (9) is fixedly connected with a pile foundation (11, the lifting of the bearing platform (10) is realized through the up-and-down displacement of the lifting actuator (3);
wherein, the displacement sensor (4) and the axial force meter (5) are respectively connected with an external displacement monitor (12) and an external axial force monitor (13), the settlement of the bearing platform (10) is obtained through the displacement monitor (12), and the average stress F of the pile top is measured by the axial force monitor (13)0Calculating the area of the pile top as S0；
The inter-pile soil pressure box (2) is buried at the bottom of the bearing platform (10), and the pressure between the inter-pile soil pressure box (2) and the outside
The monitor (14) is connected, and the average stress F of the soil between the piles is measured by the pressure monitor (14)1Calculating the area of soil between piles as S1；
The pile-soil load sharing ratio K of the bearing platform under different settlement amounts is calculated by the following formula:
K=(F0* S0)/( F1* S1)。
2. a test method of pile foundation soil load sharing ratio according to claim 1, wherein the lifting actuator (3) comprises a hydraulic jack and a hydraulic servo (15) provided on the ground.
3. A method for testing pile foundation soil load sharing ratio according to claim 1, wherein the lifting actuator (3), the displacement sensor (4), the axial force meter (5) and the inner sleeve (6) are fixedly connected through the inner support (16).
4. A method for testing pile-foundation soil load sharing ratio of a pile group according to claim 1, wherein the displacement monitor (12), the axial force monitor (13) and the pressure monitor (14) are respectively connected with the displacement sensor (4), the axial force meter (5) and the inter-pile soil pressure cell (2) through reading cables.
5. A method for testing a pile-foundation load sharing ratio of a pile foundation according to claim 1, wherein the pile foundation (11) is constructed by using a cast-in-place pile, bolts (17) are welded to a reinforcement cage of the pile foundation (11) before concrete is poured, and after the concrete is set and hardened, the lower flange (9) of the displacement lifting device is fixedly connected with the pile foundation (11) through nuts.
6. The method for testing pile-foundation soil load sharing ratio of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of
A plurality of inter-pile soil pressure boxes (2) are arranged on foundation soil of the bearing platform (10), and the inter-pile soil pressure boxes (2) are positioned on the center line and the diagonal line between pile foundations.
7. The method for testing pile-foundation soil load sharing ratio of claim 1 or 6, wherein the inter-pile soil pressure cell is a steel string type pressure cell.
8. A method for testing pile-foundation soil load sharing ratio of claim 1, wherein a reinforcing steel plate (18) is fixed between the upper flange (8) of the displacement elevating means and the bearing platform (10).
9. A test method of pile-group foundation pile-soil load sharing ratio as claimed in claim 8, wherein the upper flange (8) of the displacement elevating means is fixed to the reinforcing steel plate (18) by bolts (17), a pile cap form is installed from the reinforcing steel plate, pile cap reinforcing bars are arranged, and pile cap concrete is poured.
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| CN109457740B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-08-22 | 宁波大学 | Measuring instrument capable of simultaneously measuring pile soil interface friction force, normal stress and pore water pressure and assembling and using method thereof |
| CN112649194B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-10-22 | 山东大学 | Ball screw pair loading test device and test method |
| CN113718744A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-30 | 珠海市规划设计研究院 | Multi-pile composite foundation bearing capacity testing method |
| CN115419042B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-10-27 | 山东省路桥集团有限公司 | Device capable of simultaneously monitoring pile tip soil pressure and displacement and monitoring method |
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| JPS5792211A (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1982-06-08 | Sano Soiru:Kk | Load testing method for pile |
| CN100363730C (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | 太原电力高等专科学校 | Static load test device for composite foundation |
| CN103352482A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Pile type reinforced embankment plane soil arch effect testing device |
| CN104034306A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-10 | 同济大学 | Experimental box for testing local subsidence of underlying soil as well as liner deformation of refuse landfill |
| CN104196060B (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2015-07-15 | 河海大学 | CFG pile composite roadbed rubber spacer static load testing device and method |
| CN204738324U (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-11-04 | 湖北工业大学 | Clump of piles basis single pile vertical bearing capacity detecting system |
| CN107543999A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-01-05 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司沈阳供电公司 | Dry type Compound Insulation Wall Bushing electrical insulation properties test lifting platform |
| CN107100079A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-29 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | A kind of construction method of the anchor structure of precast assembly overpass steel column |
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