CN108891445B - Online dynamic measurement device and measurement method for geometric parameters of train wheels - Google Patents
Online dynamic measurement device and measurement method for geometric parameters of train wheels Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device and method for geometric parameters of train wheels, and belongs to the technical field of train wheel parameter detection. The invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device for geometric parameters of train wheels, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a wheel positioning sensor, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II and a stop switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II are perpendicular to the inner rim surface of the train wheel, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor I forms an inclined included angle alpha with the top surface of the track; when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously acquire, when the stop switch is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop acquiring, and the acquired data is processed, so that the on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheel can be realized, and the on-line dynamic measurement device is high in measurement precision, high in speed and large in measurement range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of train wheel parameter detection, and particularly relates to an online dynamic measuring device and method for train wheel geometric parameters.
Background
The train wheel is one of the most important running parts of the rail transit train and bears all dynamic and static loads of the train. However, during the running process of the train, the wheels are abraded to different degrees due to long-term friction between the wheels and the track, such as diameter abrasion, eccentric abrasion of wheel rims and the like. The diameter abrasion can cause the diameter difference of the same vehicle or the same frame or the same pair of wheels to exceed the limit, the height of the wheel rim is increased, the eccentric abrasion of the wheel rim can cause the thickness of the wheel rim to be reduced and the comprehensive value of the wheel rim to be reduced, and the occurrence of the conditions can cause great threat to the driving safety. Thus, the diameter (D) of the train wheel is measured timely, quickly and accuratelyT) The wheel rim height (Sh), the wheel rim thickness (Sd), the wheel rim comprehensive value (Qr) and other geometric parameters have great significance for guaranteeing the driving safety of the train.
The existing detection means of the geometric parameters of the wheel mainly comprise manual measurement and static measurement. The manual measurement mainly utilizes a fourth detector and a wheel diameter ruler to roughly measure the geometric parameters of the wheel, and has the advantages of low equipment investment, low precision, large labor investment and long measurement period. The static measurement is a means for measuring geometric parameters of the wheel by using special equipment such as a lathe and the like, has the advantage of high precision, and has the defects of large equipment investment, high cost, large consumption of manpower and material resources and longer measurement period, thereby influencing the normal use of the train.
Due to the limitations of manual and static measurements, more and more people are focusing on the research of on-line dynamic measurement methods. For example, application No. 200610155282.8 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the diameter of a vehicle wheel set, which uses the projection information of a structured light source on the wheel set tread and the information of the base point position detected by a displacement sensor to detect the average diameter parameter of the wheel and the wheel diameter difference parameter of the left and right wheels, but the method has the defects of large influence by external light, slow response speed, low measurement accuracy and the like. Application number 201410519742.5 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the size of an urban rail train wheel set, the application measures the coordinates of the lowest points of wheel rims of tread contour lines at different moments based on a two-dimensional laser displacement sensor technology, under the condition that the speed is known, points at different moments are restored to coordinate values at the same moment, the circle where the top point of the wheel rim of a wheel is located is fitted by using the principle that three points form a circle, and the diameter of the wheel is obtained by subtracting the height of the wheel rim twice from the diameter of the top point of the wheel rim. In the method, the speed is taken as known, and in the process of restoring the values of the lowest points of the wheel rims at different moments to the coordinate values at the same moment, the restored coordinate values are distorted due to the deviation of the speed, so that the diameters of the vertex circles of the fitted wheel rims have larger deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing train wheel parameter detection and provides an online dynamic measuring device and a measuring method for the geometric parameters of train wheels. The measuring method can realize the on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels, and has the advantages of high measuring precision, high speed and large measuring range.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device for geometric parameters of train wheels, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a wheel positioning sensor, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II and a stop switch, wherein the speed measuring sensor, the wheel positioning sensor, the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II and the stop switch are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II are perpendicular to the inner rim surface of the train wheel, and an inclined included angle alpha is formed between the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor I and the.
Furthermore, the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II is perpendicular to the top surface of the rail.
Furthermore, the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II forms an inclined included angle beta with the top surface of the track.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II are both arranged on the inner side surface of the track through movable supports, the upper planes of the movable supports are parallel to the top surface of the track and are in contact with the rim of the wheel to be measured, and the movable supports follow up and down along with rolling of the wheel.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II both adopt two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and the sampling frequency K is the same.
Furthermore, the included angle between the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor I and the top surface of the track is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
Secondly, the method for dynamically measuring geometrical parameters of train wheels on line adopts the dynamic measuring device to measure, when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered by the train wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously acquire, when the stop switch is triggered by the train wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop acquiring, and transmit acquired data to the data processing system for processing, so as to obtain the geometrical parameters of the train wheels, and the specific processing process is as follows:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding out the minimum distance of the middle point of the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the diameter D of the wheel rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I and the wheel alignment sensor along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and the distance between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered is delta L, which is mm; delta t is the time interval when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered to the laser displacement sensor I to collect the first contour line, namely the response time of the wheel alignment sensor, namely ms; h is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I and the upper plane of the movable support is measured; Δ L, Δ t and h1Calibrated to a known quantity at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measurement sensor;
(2) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I; r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor, KHz;
(3) selecting a first contour line measured by a laser displacement sensor II, and converting the distance value of each point in the measured contour line into a diameter value DiThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; l is2Is a laser bitThe distance h between the sensing head of the motion sensor II and the wheel alignment sensor along the direction parallel to the top surface of the rail2The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II and the upper plane of the movable support is the same as the distance between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II and the upper plane of the movable support; y isiFor the distance values at each point in the selected contour line, mm, i is 1,2,3, … …;
(4) calculating diameter values D corresponding to the distance values of all points in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor IjThe calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z)(j＝1，2，3，……)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; z is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the measured C-th contour line, namely mm; zjThe distance value of other points in the measured C-th contour line is mm;
(5) intercepting the diameter from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter from the top point of the wheel rim to the outer rim surface of the wheel in the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II, and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II to form a coordinate group { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
(6) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
Further, in the coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find the base for measuring the thickness of the wheel rimAbscissa X of outer side of wheel rim corresponding to pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1(ii) a In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
Thirdly, the invention discloses an online dynamic measurement method for geometric parameters of train wheels, which adopts the dynamic measurement device in claim 3 to carry out measurement, when a wheel alignment sensor is triggered by a wheel, two laser displacement sensors simultaneously collect, when a stop switch is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop collecting, and transmit the collected data to a data processing system for processing, so as to obtain the geometric parameters of the train wheels, wherein the specific processing process is as follows:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding out the minimum distance of the middle point of the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the diameter D of the wheel rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I and the wheel alignment sensor along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and the distance between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered is delta L, which is mm; delta t is the time interval when the wheel alignment sensor is triggered to the laser displacement sensor I to collect the first contour line, namely the response time of the wheel alignment sensor, namely ms; h is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I and the upper plane of the movable support is measured; Δ L, Δ t and h1Calibrated to a known quantity at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measurement sensor;
(2) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I; r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor, KHz;
(3) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or the contour line closest to the wheel normal line in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II, rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C' is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor II; l is2Is the distance h between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II and the wheel alignment sensor along the direction parallel to the top surface of the rail2The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II and the upper plane of the movable support is the same as the distance between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II and the upper plane of the movable support; beta is an included angle between a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II and the top surface of the track;
(4) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Di＝D-2(Zi-Z) (i＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: diThe diameter of each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I is measured in mm; z is the distance value of the top point of the edge on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I and is in unit mm; ziThe distance value corresponding to other points on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I is in unit of mm;
(5) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z) (j＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: djThe diameter of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II is measured in mm; z is the distance value of the vertex of the edge on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II and is in unit mm; zjThe corresponding distance values of other points on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II are measured in unit of mm;
(6) intercepting the diameter value from the inner rim surface to the rim top point section on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and combining the diameter value with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter value from the top point of the edge to the surface section of the outer rim on the C' th contour line of the laser displacement sensor II, and combining the diameter value with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II to form a coordinate set { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
(7) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
Further, in the coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1(ii) a In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention relates to an online dynamic measuring device for geometrical parameters of train wheels, which comprises a speed measuring sensor, a wheel positioning sensor, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II and a stop switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor I forms an inclined included angle with the top surface of the track, and a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II is perpendicular to the top surface of the track or forms an inclined included angle with the top surface of the track.
(2) According to the on-line dynamic measuring device for the geometric parameters of the train wheels, parameters such as the diameter of the wheels, the height of the wheel rims, the thickness of the wheel rims and the comprehensive values of the wheel rims can be measured by using only two laser displacement sensors and one speed measuring sensor, the cost is low, the structure and the installation are simple, and the implementation is easy.
(3) According to the method for dynamically measuring the geometric parameters of the train wheels on line, when the wheel positioning sensors are triggered by the wheels, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously acquire, when the stop switches are triggered by the wheels, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop acquiring, and the acquired data are transmitted to the data processing system to be processed, so that the geometric parameters of the train can be directly dynamically measured on line, and the method for dynamically measuring the geometric parameters of the train on line is simple, low in cost and high in precision.
(4) According to the on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels, the speed of the train wheels is detected in real time by the speed measuring sensor and is used as a known quantity, so that errors caused by response time of the wheel positioning sensor can be compensated, and the measurement precision is further improved. Meanwhile, the invention greatly improves the efficiency of measuring the geometric parameters of the train wheels and is beneficial to saving manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the wheel of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1-1, a laser displacement sensor I; 1-2, a laser displacement sensor II; 2. a speed measuring sensor; 3. a wheel alignment sensor; 4. a stop switch; 5. a movable support.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problem that the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency of the existing train wheel geometric parameter measurement are relatively low, a speed measuring sensor, a wheel positioning sensor, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II and a stop switch are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, the speed measuring sensor, the wheel positioning sensor, the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II and the stop switch are all connected with a control system, and the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II are all connected with a data processing system. Wherein laser displacement sensor I's detecting light beam is the slope contained angle with the track top surface, laser displacement sensor II's detecting light beam is perpendicular with the track top surface or is the slope contained angle with the track top surface, when wheel alignment sensor is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensors gather simultaneously, when stop switch is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensors stop gathering simultaneously, the data transfer that will gather handles to data processing system, thereby can directly carry out online dynamic measurement to the geometric parameters of train, and its measurement accuracy is higher. The installation positions of the components need to ensure that the train wheel to be measured is within the measurement range of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II when the wheel positioning sensor and the stop switch are triggered by the wheel. Meanwhile, the speed sensor is adopted to detect the speed of the train wheel in real time and the speed is used as a known quantity, so that the error caused by the response time of the wheel positioning sensor can be compensated, and the measurement precision is further improved. In addition, the invention can measure and obtain parameters such as the diameter of the wheel, the height of the wheel rim, the thickness of the wheel rim, the comprehensive value of the wheel rim and the like by only using two laser displacement sensors and one speed measuring sensor, and has the advantages of low cost, simple structure and installation and easy realization.
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the on-line dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels of the embodiment includes a speed measurement sensor 2, a wheel alignment sensor 3, a laser displacement sensor I1-1, a laser displacement sensor II1-2, and a stop switch 4, which are sequentially disposed on the inner side of a track along the train traveling direction, wherein the detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the laser displacement sensor II1-2 are both perpendicular to the inner rim surface of the wheel, the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 forms an inclined included angle α with the top surface of the track, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 is perpendicular to the top surface of the track. In the embodiment, the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the laser displacement sensor II1-2 are both two-dimensional laser displacement sensors with the same sampling frequency K, the laser displacement sensor I1-1, the laser displacement sensor II1-2 and the wheel positioning sensor 3 are both arranged on the inner side surface of the track through the movable support 5, the upper plane of the movable support 5 is parallel to the top surface of the track and is in contact with the rim of the wheel to be measured, and the upper plane and the lower plane follow-up along with rolling of the wheel. In this embodiment, the movable support 5 only needs to move up and down when the wheel is pressed on and separated from the support, that is, the movable support moves down when the wheel is pressed on the movable support 5, and the movable support 5 can move up to automatically reset when the wheel is separated from the support. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the movable support 5 is fixedly installed inside the track through an elastic element, such as a spring, and when the train leaves the movable support, the movable support moves upward under the action of the elastic element to be reset.
Adopt the online dynamic measurement device of this embodiment to measure train wheel geometric parameters, when wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensor gather simultaneously, when stop switch 4 is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensor stop to gather simultaneously, and data transfer to data processing system that will gather handles, obtains train wheel's geometric parameters, and concrete processing procedure (combination picture 3) is:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding out the minimum distance of the middle point of the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the diameter D of the wheel rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the wheel alignment sensor 3 is parallel to the top surface of the rail; Δ L is the distance, mm, between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor 3 when the wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered; Δ t is a time interval when the wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered until the laser displacement sensor I1-1 collects the first contour line, i.e., the response time, ms, of the wheel alignment sensor 3; h is1The distance between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the upper plane of the movable bracket 5 can be set to be h which is more than or equal to 5mm according to the situation1Less than or equal to 50 mm; Δ L, Δ t and h1Calibrated to a known quantity at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor 2; the included angle between the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the top surface of the track is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
(2) Calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, rounding the calculation result, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1; r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor I1-1.
(3) Selecting a first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2, and converting the distance value of each point in the measured contour line into a diameter value DiThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; l is2The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 and the wheel alignment sensor 3 along the direction parallel to the top surface of the rail is unit mm; h is2The distance from the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 to the upper plane of the movable bracket 5 can be set to be not less than 5mm and not more than h according to requirements2≤50mm；YiFor the distance values at each point in the selected contour line, mm, i is 1,2,3, … …;
(4) calculating diameter values D corresponding to the distance values at each point in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z) (j＝1，2，3，……)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; z is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the measured C-th contour line, namely mm; zjThe distance value of other points in the measured C-th contour line is mm;
(5) intercepting the diameter from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter from the top point of the wheel rim to the outer rim surface of the wheel in the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2, and combining the diameter with the X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 to form a coordinate group { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating the X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a transverse axisThe coordinate zero point is an X axis towards the outer rim surface of the wheel, and a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surface is obtainedf，Df)}；
(6) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
(7) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1.
(8) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the on-line dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the differences are mainly as follows: in this embodiment, the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 forms an inclined angle β with the top surface of the rail. Adopt the measuring device of this embodiment to measure train wheel geometric parameters, when wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensor gather simultaneously, when stop switch 4 is triggered by the wheel, two laser displacement sensor stop to gather simultaneously, and data transfer to data processing system that will gather handles, obtains train wheel's geometric parameters, and concrete processing is:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding out the minimum distance of the middle point of the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the diameter D of the wheel rim vertex circle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the wheel alignment sensor 3 along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track is unit mm; Δ L is the distance in mm between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor 3 when the wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered; Δ t is a time interval when the wheel alignment sensor 3 is triggered until the laser displacement sensor I1-1 collects the first contour line, i.e., the response time, ms, of the wheel alignment sensor 3; h is1The distance between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the upper plane of the movable bracket 5 can be set to be h which is more than or equal to 5mm according to the situation1Less than or equal to 50 mm; Δ L, Δ t and h1Calibrated to a known quantity at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor 2; the included angle between the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and the top surface of the track is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
(2) Calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, rounding the calculation result, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1; r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor I1-1, KHz;
(3) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensors II1-2, rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C' is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor II 1-2; l is2Is the distance h between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 and the wheel alignment sensor 3 along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track2The distance from the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 to the upper plane of the movable bracket 5 can be set to be not less than 5mm and not more than h according to requirements2Less than or equal to 50 mm; beta is an included angle between a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 and the top surface of the track, and can be set to be 30-80 degrees;
(4) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1 into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Di＝D-2(Zi-Z) (i＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: diThe diameter of each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1 corresponds to the unit mm; z is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1 and is in unit mm; ziThe corresponding distance values of other points on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1 are measured in unit of mm;
(5) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2 into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z) (j＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: djThe diameter of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2 is measured in mm; z is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2, and the unit is mm; zjThe corresponding distance value of other points on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II1-2 is in unit of mm;
(6) intercepting the diameter value from the inner rim surface to the rim top point section on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I1-1, and combining the diameter value with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I1-1 to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting top of wheel rim on C' th contour line of laser displacement sensor II1-2The diameter value from the point to the outer rim surface section is combined with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II1-2 to form a coordinate set { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
(7) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
(8) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1。
(9) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
Example 3
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1 or 2, and the differences are mainly that: in the embodiment, the distance d between the wheel diameter measurement base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel is 70 mm.
Example 4
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1 or 2, and the differences are mainly that: diameter D corresponding to rim thickness measurement base point in the embodimenth＝DT+20。
Example 5
This implementationThe device and the method for the online dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels are the same as those in the embodiment 1 or 2, and the differences are mainly that: diameter D corresponding to rim thickness measurement base point in the embodimenth＝DT+24。
Example 6
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1 or 2, and the differences are mainly that: in the embodiment, the outside diameter D of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measuring base pointq＝D-4。
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps: the dynamic measurement device is adopted for measurement and comprises a speed measurement sensor (2), a wheel positioning sensor (3), a laser displacement sensor I (1-1), a laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and a stop switch (4) which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) are both arranged on the inner side surface of the track through a movable support (5), the upper plane of the movable support (5) is parallel to the top surface of the track and is in contact with the rim of a wheel to be measured and follows up and down along with the rolling of the wheel, the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) both adopt two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the detection light beams of the two-dimensional laser displacement sensors are both vertical to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) form an inclined included, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is perpendicular to the top surface of the track, when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously collect, when the stop switch (4) is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop collecting, the collected data are transmitted to a data processing system for processing, and the geometric parameters of the train wheel are obtained, wherein the specific processing process is as follows:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding the minimum value of the distance between each point in the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the wheel rim vertex circle diameter D, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the wheel alignment sensor (3) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and Delta L is the distance between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor (3) when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered, and is mm; delta t is the time interval when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered until the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) collects the first contour line, namely the response time of the wheel alignment sensor (3), namely ms; h is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the upper plane of the movable support (5) is measured; Δ L and Δ t are calibrated to known quantities at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor (2);
(2) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1); r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), KHz;
(3) measured by selecting laser displacement sensor II (1-2)A first contour line, and converting the distance value of each point in the measured contour line into a diameter value DiThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, R is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; l is2Is the distance h between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the wheel alignment sensor (3) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track2The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the upper plane of the movable support (5); y isiFor the distance values at each point in the selected contour line, mm, i is 1,2,3, … …;
(4) calculating diameter values D corresponding to distance values at each point in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1)jThe calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z)(j＝1，2，3，……)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; z is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the measured C-th contour line, namely mm; zjThe distance value of other points in the measured C-th contour line is mm;
(5) intercepting the diameter from the inner rim surface of the wheel to the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter from the top point of the wheel rim to the outer rim surface of the wheel in the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2), and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) to form a coordinate set { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
(6) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) InFind XfD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
2. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sampling frequency K of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) is the same as that of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2).
3. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle between the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the top surface of the track is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees.
4. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1(ii) a In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
5. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps: the dynamic measurement device is adopted for measurement and comprises a speed measurement sensor (2), a wheel positioning sensor (3), a laser displacement sensor I (1-1), a laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and a stop switch (4) which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) are both arranged on the inner side surface of the track through a movable support (5), the upper plane of the movable support (5) is parallel to the top surface of the track and is in contact with the rim of a wheel to be measured and follows up and down along with the rolling of the wheel, the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) both adopt two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the detection light beams of the two-dimensional laser displacement sensors are both vertical to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) form an inclined included, the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the top surface of the track form an inclined included angle beta, when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously acquire, when the stop switch (4) is triggered by the wheel, the two laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop acquiring, transmit acquired data to the data processing system for processing, and obtain the geometric parameters of the train wheel, wherein the specific processing process is as follows:
(1) calculating the diameter of the rim vertex circle: finding the minimum value of the distance between each point in the first contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), namely the distance value L of the measured wheel rim vertex, and calculating the wheel rim vertex circle diameter D, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula: l is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the wheel alignment sensor (3) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and Delta L is the distance between the lowest point of the wheel rim and the wheel alignment sensor (3) when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered, and is mm; delta t is the time interval when the wheel alignment sensor (3) is triggered until the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) collects the first contour line, namely the response time of the wheel alignment sensor (3), namely ms; h is1The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and the upper plane of the movable support (5) is measured; Δ L, Δ t and h1Calibrated to a known quantity at the beginning of installation; v is the running speed of the train, mm/ms and is measured by a speed measuring sensor (2);
(2) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1); r is the radius of the wheel rim vertex circle, mm; k is the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), KHz;
(3) calculating the contour line passing through the wheel normal line or being closest to the wheel normal line in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2), rounding the calculation result, and taking the integer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, C' is the serial number of the number of contour lines passing through the wheel normal or closest to the wheel normal in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2); l is2Is the distance h between the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the wheel alignment sensor (3) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track2The distance between a sensing head of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the upper plane of the movable support (5); beta is an included angle between a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and the top surface of the track;
(4) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Di＝D-2(Zi-Z) (i＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: diThe diameter of each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) is measured in mm; z is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) and is in mm; ziThe corresponding distance values of other points on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) are measured in unit of mm;
(5) converting the distance value corresponding to each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) into a diameter value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-Z) (j＝1，2，3，......)
in the formula: djThe diameter of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) is measured in mm; z is the distance value of the vertex of the edge on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) and is in unit mm; zjThe corresponding distance values of other points on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) are measured in unit of mm;
(6) intercepting the diameter value from the inner rim surface to the rim top point section on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (1-1), and combining the diameter value with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I (1-1) to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter value from the top point of the edge to the surface section of the outer rim on the C' th contour line of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2), and combining the diameter value with the self X coordinate of the laser displacement sensor II (1-2) to form a coordinate group { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
(7) In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
6. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 5, characterized in that: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find out the thickness of the wheel rimMeasuring the abscissa X of the outside of the rim corresponding to the base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1(ii) a In a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
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