CN108819979B - Online dynamic measurement device and measurement method for geometric parameters of train wheels - Google Patents
Online dynamic measurement device and measurement method for geometric parameters of train wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN108819979B CN108819979B CN201810678257.0A CN201810678257A CN108819979B CN 108819979 B CN108819979 B CN 108819979B CN 201810678257 A CN201810678257 A CN 201810678257A CN 108819979 B CN108819979 B CN 108819979B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Abstract
The invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device and method for geometric parameters of train wheels, and belongs to the technical field of train wheel detection. The invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device for geometric parameters of train wheels, which comprises a starting switch, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II, a laser displacement sensor III and a stopping switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor III are vertical to the top surface of the track and upward and vertical to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II is vertical to the top surface of the track and upward and parallel to the inner rim surface of the wheel. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the geometric parameters of the train wheels can be dynamically measured on line, and the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency are higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of train wheel geometric parameter detection, and particularly relates to an online dynamic measuring device and method for train wheel geometric parameters.
Background
The train wheel is one of the most important running parts of the rail transit train and bears all dynamic and static loads of the train. However, during the running process of the train, the wheels are abraded to different degrees due to long-term friction between the wheels and the track, such as diameter abrasion, eccentric abrasion of wheel rims and the like. The diameter abrasion can cause the diameter difference of the same vehicle or the same frame or the same pair of wheels to exceed the limit, the height of the wheel rim is increased, the eccentric abrasion of the wheel rim can cause the thickness of the wheel rim to be reduced and the comprehensive value of the wheel rim to be reduced, and the occurrence of the conditions can cause great threat to the driving safety. Thus, the diameter (D) of the train wheel is measured timely, quickly and accuratelyT) The wheel rim height (Sh), the wheel rim thickness (Sd), the wheel rim comprehensive value (Qr) and other geometric parameters have great significance for guaranteeing the driving safety of the train.
The existing detection means of the geometric parameters of the wheel mainly comprise manual measurement and static measurement. The manual measurement mainly utilizes a fourth detector and a wheel diameter ruler to roughly measure the geometric parameters of the wheel, and has the advantages of low equipment investment, low precision, large labor investment and long measurement period. The static measurement is a means for measuring geometric parameters of the wheel by using special equipment such as a lathe and the like, has the advantage of high precision, and has the defects of large equipment investment, high cost, large consumption of manpower and material resources and longer measurement period, thereby influencing the normal use of the train.
Due to the limitations of manual and static measurements, more and more people are focusing on the research of on-line dynamic measurement methods. For example, application No. 200610155282.8 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the diameter of a vehicle wheel set, which uses the projection information of a structured light source on the wheel set tread and the information of the base point position detected by a displacement sensor to detect the average diameter parameter of the wheel and the wheel diameter difference parameter of the left and right wheels, but the method has the defects of large influence by external light, slow response speed, low measurement accuracy and the like. Application number 201410519742.5 discloses an on-line detection method and device for the size of an urban rail train wheel set, the application measures the coordinates of the lowest points of wheel rims of tread contour lines at different moments based on a two-dimensional laser displacement sensor technology, under the condition that the speed is known, points at different moments are restored to coordinate values at the same moment, the circle where the top point of the wheel rim of a wheel is located is fitted by using the principle that three points form a circle, and the diameter of the wheel is obtained by subtracting the height of the wheel rim twice from the diameter of the top point of the wheel rim. In the method, the speed is taken as known, and in the process of restoring the values of the lowest points of the wheel rims at different moments to the coordinate values at the same moment, the restored coordinate values are distorted due to the deviation of the speed, so that the diameters of the vertex circles of the fitted wheel rims have larger deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems existing in the existing train wheel geometric parameter detection, and provides an online dynamic measuring device and a measuring method for train wheel geometric parameters. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the geometric parameters of the train wheels can be dynamically detected on line, and the measurement precision can be effectively ensured.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a starting switch, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II, a laser displacement sensor III and a stopping switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor III are vertical to the top surface of the track and upward and are vertical to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II is vertical to the top surface of the track and upward and is parallel to the inner rim surface of the wheel.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II and the laser displacement sensor III are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II and the laser displacement sensor III are all arranged on the same support.
Furthermore, the sampling frequencies of the three laser displacement sensors are the same.
Furthermore, the starting switch, the laser displacement sensor I, the laser displacement sensor II, the laser displacement sensor III and the stopping switch are all connected with the control system, and the three laser displacement sensors are all connected to the data processing system.
Secondly, according to the on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels, when the train wheels pass through the starting switch, the starting switch is triggered, the three laser displacement sensors perform detection and acquisition at the same time, when the stopping switch is triggered, the three laser displacement sensors stop detection and acquisition at the same time, data acquired by the three sensors are transmitted to the data processing system to be processed, and the geometric parameters of the train wheels are obtained, wherein the specific process of data processing is as follows:
step 1: intercepting n contour lines containing effective data at a first section measured by a laser displacement sensor II;
step 2: from the 2 nd contour line, intercepting the interval from the minimum distance in each contour line to the minimum distance in the last contour line;
and step 3: splicing the n-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating an X axis to obtain a section of circular arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 4, step 4: processing the other m contour lines containing effective data in the contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor II by the same method to obtain the other arc on the circumference of the wheel; specifically, another section of m contour lines containing effective data measured by the laser displacement sensor II is intercepted, and from the 2 nd contour line, an interval from the maximum distance in each contour line to the maximum distance in the last contour line is intercepted; sequentially intercepting a section of data interval on the contour line to enable the maximum distance value in the interval to be equal to the maximum distance value of the contour line interval, wherein the minimum distance value in the interval is equal to the maximum distance value on the last contour line; splicing the m-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating the X axis to obtain another arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 5: respectively carrying out arc fitting on the two arcs to obtain fitting diameters D1 and D2 of the two arcs;
step 6: finding out a contour line C with the minimum edge vertex distance in contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and finding out a contour line C' of the laser displacement sensor III at the same moment;
and 7: the diameter of the rim vertex circle is calculated according to the formula
In the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim in mm; dxaThe distance value is a distance value in mm corresponding to the coordinate of the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I when the coordinate is xa; xa is an abscissa of a coordinate system of the laser sensor I, in which an intersection point of a plane where the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II is located and the detection beam of the laser sensor I is located; d is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and the unit is mm;
and 8: calculating the diameter value corresponding to the distance value of each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-d)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; d is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and the unit is mm; zjMeasuring the distance value of other points in the C-th contour line by the laser displacement sensor I in unit of mm;
and step 9: calculating the diameter value corresponding to the distance value of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r is the radius of the rim vertex circle in mm; d is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and the unit is mm; dkThe distance value of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III is in mm; h is the height difference of the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III along the direction vertical to the top surface of the track, and the unit is mm, and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I is positive when being higher than the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III, otherwise, the sensing head is negative; l is the distance from the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I to the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and the unit is mm;
step 10: intercepting the diameter between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I, and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I to form a coordinate set { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter between the top point of the wheel rim and the outer rim surface of the wheel in the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III, and combining the diameter with the X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor III to form a coordinate group { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the rim vertex as a characteristic point, and removing a repeated rim vertex coordinate during splicingIntegrating the X coordinates, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
Step 11: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
Further, in the coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1。
Further, in the coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention discloses an online dynamic measuring device for geometric parameters of train wheels, which comprises a starting switch, a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II, a laser displacement sensor III and a stopping switch which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train.
(2) According to the on-line dynamic measuring device for the geometric parameters of the train wheels, parameters such as the diameter of the wheels, the height of the wheel rims, the thickness of the wheel rims and the comprehensive values of the wheel rims can be measured by using three laser displacement sensors, the cost is low, the structure and the installation are simple, the implementation is easy, and the measuring precision is effectively improved.
(3) According to the method for on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train wheels, when the starting switch is triggered by the wheels, the three laser displacement sensors simultaneously acquire, when the stopping switch is triggered by the wheels, the three laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop acquiring, and the acquired data are transmitted to the data processing system to be processed, so that the geometric parameters of the train can be directly measured on line dynamically, and the method for on-line dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train is simple, low in cost and high in precision.
(4) According to the on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels, the diameter of the wheel rim vertex circle is measured by adopting an arc fitting method through the matching of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor II, and the speed is not introduced as a calculation condition, so that the influence of the speed measurement error on the measurement result is effectively avoided, and the measurement precision is further improved.
(5) The method for dynamically measuring the geometric parameters of the train wheels on line can realize the dynamic measurement of the geometric parameters of the train on line, greatly improve the measurement efficiency, and is beneficial to saving manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a train wheel to be detected.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. starting a switch; 2. a first laser displacement sensor I; 3. a second laser displacement sensor II; 4. a third laser displacement sensor III; 5. a support; 6. the switch is stopped.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the online dynamic measurement device for geometric parameters of train wheels of this embodiment includes a start switch 1, a laser displacement sensor I2, a laser displacement sensor II3, a laser displacement sensor III4, and a stop switch 6, which are sequentially disposed on the inner side of a track along the train traveling direction, wherein the detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I2 and the laser displacement sensor III4 are both perpendicular to the top surface of the track and upward and are perpendicular to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II3 is perpendicular to the top surface of the track and upward and is parallel to the inner rim surface of the wheel. In this embodiment, the three laser displacement sensors are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors, and are mounted on the same support 5, and the detection frequencies thereof are the same. The starting switch 1, the laser displacement sensor I2, the laser displacement sensor II3, the laser displacement sensor III4 and the stop switch 6 are all connected with the control system, and the three laser displacement sensors are all connected to the data processing system.
Combine fig. 1, fig. 2, adopt the online dynamic measurement device of this embodiment to measure train wheel geometric parameters, when train wheel is through starting switch 1, starting switch 1 is triggered, three laser displacement sensor surveys the collection simultaneously this moment, when stop switch 6 is triggered, three laser displacement sensor stops to survey the collection simultaneously, data transmission to data processing system who gathers three sensor handles, the geometric parameters of obtaining train wheel, the concrete process of carrying out data processing is:
step 1: when the same wheel passes through the laser displacement sensor 3, two sections of valid data are acquired, the first section is acquired when the wheel approaches, the second section is acquired when the wheel is far away, the middle section exceeds the measuring area of the laser displacement sensor and is invalid data, and n contour lines containing the valid data of the first section measured by the laser displacement sensor II3 are firstly intercepted;
step 2: from the 2 nd contour line, intercepting the interval from the minimum distance in each contour line to the minimum distance in the last contour line; sequentially intercepting a section of data interval on the contour line to enable the maximum distance value in the interval to be equal to the minimum distance value of the previous contour line interval, wherein the minimum distance value in the interval is equal to the minimum distance value on the contour line;
and step 3: splicing the n-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating an X axis to obtain a section of circular arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 4, step 4: then, processing the other m contour lines containing effective data in the contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor II3 by the same method to obtain the other arc on the circumference of the wheel; specifically, another segment of m contour lines containing effective data measured by the laser displacement sensor II3 is intercepted, and from the 2 nd contour line, an interval from the maximum distance in each contour line to the maximum distance in the previous contour line is intercepted; sequentially intercepting a section of data interval on the contour line to enable the maximum distance value in the interval to be equal to the maximum distance value of the contour line interval, wherein the minimum distance value in the interval is equal to the maximum distance value on the last contour line; splicing the m-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating the X axis to obtain another arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 5: respectively carrying out arc fitting on the two arcs to obtain fitting diameters D1 and D2 of the two arcs;
step 6: finding out a contour line C with the minimum distance of a rim vertex in contour lines measured by a laser displacement sensor I2, wherein the rim vertex is the minimum distance in the measured contour lines, and finding out a contour line C' of a laser displacement sensor III4 at the same moment;
and 7: the diameter of the rim vertex circle is calculated according to the formula
In the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim in mm; dxaThe distance value is a distance value in mm corresponding to the coordinate of the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2 when the coordinate is xa; xa is the plane of the detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II3 and the plane of the laser sensor I2Detecting the abscissa of the intersection point of the light beams in the self coordinate system of the laser sensor I2; d is the distance value of the vertex of the edge on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2, and the unit is mm;
and 8: calculating diameter values corresponding to distance values of all points on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-d)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; d is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2, and the unit is mm; zjThe distance value of other points in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2 is in unit of mm;
and step 9: calculating the diameter value corresponding to the distance value of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III4, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r is the radius of the rim vertex circle in mm; d is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2, and the unit is mm; dkThe distance value of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III4 is in mm; h is the height difference of the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I2 and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III4 along the direction vertical to the top surface of the track, the unit is mm, and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I2 is positive when being higher than the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III4, otherwise, the sensing head is negative; l is the distance from the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I2 to the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III4 along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and the unit is mm;
step 10: intercepting the diameter between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I2, and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I2 to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter between the top point of the wheel rim and the outer rim surface of the wheel in the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III4, and comparing the diameter with the laser displacement sensor III 4X-axis coordinates are combined to form a coordinate set { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the vertex of the wheel rim as a characteristic point, removing a repeated vertex coordinate of the wheel rim during splicing, integrating an X coordinate, and taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as a horizontal coordinate zero point and the outer rim surface of the wheel as an X axis to obtain a diameter coordinate set { (X) from the inner rim surface of the wheel to different positions of the outer rim surfacef，Df)}；
Step 11: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
Step 12: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1；
Step 13: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
Example 2
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the differences are mainly that: in the embodiment, the distance d between the wheel diameter measurement base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel is 70 mm.
Example 3
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the differences are mainly that: diameter D corresponding to rim thickness measurement base point in the embodimenth＝DT+20。
Example 4
Train wheel geometric parameter on-line dynamic measurement of the embodimentThe measuring device and the measuring method are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the differences are mainly that: diameter D corresponding to rim thickness measurement base point in the embodimenth＝DT+24。
Example 5
The on-line dynamic measurement device and the measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels in the embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, and the differences are mainly that: in the embodiment, the outside diameter D of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measuring base pointq＝D-4。
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels is characterized by comprising the following steps: the train wheel detection device is characterized in that a starting switch (1), a laser displacement sensor I (2), a laser displacement sensor II (3), a laser displacement sensor III (4) and a stop switch (6) are sequentially arranged on the inner side of a track along the running direction of a train, wherein detection light beams of the laser displacement sensor I (2) and the laser displacement sensor III (4) are perpendicular to the top surface of the track and upward and perpendicular to the inner rim surface of the wheel, the detection light beam of the laser displacement sensor II (3) is perpendicular to the top surface of the track and upward and parallel to the inner rim surface of the wheel, when a train wheel passes through the starting switch (1), the starting switch (1) is triggered, at the moment, the three laser displacement sensors simultaneously detect and collect, when the stop switch (6) is triggered, the three laser displacement sensors simultaneously stop detecting and collecting, and data collected by the three sensors are transmitted to a data processing system to be processed, obtaining the geometric parameters of the train wheels, and the specific process of data processing is as follows:
step 1: intercepting n contour lines containing effective data at a first section measured by a laser displacement sensor II (3);
step 2: from the 2 nd contour line, intercepting the interval from the minimum distance in each contour line to the minimum distance in the last contour line;
and step 3: splicing the n-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating an X axis to obtain a section of circular arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 4, step 4: similarly, another section of m contour lines containing effective data measured by the laser displacement sensor II (3) is intercepted, and from the 2 nd contour line, an interval from the maximum distance in each contour line to the maximum distance in the previous contour line is intercepted; sequentially intercepting a section of data interval on the contour line to enable the maximum distance value in the interval to be equal to the maximum distance value of the contour line interval, wherein the minimum distance value in the interval is equal to the maximum distance value on the last contour line; splicing the m-1 sections obtained by cutting with the 1 st contour line, deleting repeated points during splicing, and integrating the X axis to obtain another arc on a certain circumference of the wheel;
and 5: respectively carrying out arc fitting on the two arcs to obtain fitting diameters D1 and D2 of the two arcs;
step 6: finding out a contour line C with the minimum edge vertex distance in contour lines measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2), and finding out a contour line C' of the laser displacement sensor III (4) at the same moment;
and 7: the diameter of the rim vertex circle is calculated according to the formula
In the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim in mm; dxaThe distance value is measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2) when the coordinate of the C-th contour line is xa, and the unit is mm; xa is an abscissa of a laser sensor I (2) in a coordinate system where an intersection point of a plane where a detection beam of the laser displacement sensor II (3) is located and a detection beam of the laser sensor I (2) is located; d is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2) and is in mm;
and 8: calculating the diameter value corresponding to the distance value of each point on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dj＝D-2(Zj-d)
in the formula: d is the diameter of the top circle of the wheel rim, and is mm; d is the distance value of the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2) and is in unit mm; zjThe distance value of other points in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2) is in unit of mm;
and step 9: calculating the diameter value corresponding to the distance value of each point on the C' -th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III (4), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r is the radius of the rim vertex circle in mm; d is the distance value of the edge vertex on the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2) and is in mm; dkThe distance value of each point on the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III (4) is in mm; h is the height difference of the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (2) and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III (4) along the direction vertical to the top surface of the track, and the unit is mm, and the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (2) is positive when being higher than the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III (4), otherwise, the sensing head is negative; l is the distance from the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor I (2) to the sensing head of the laser displacement sensor III (4) along the direction parallel to the top surface of the track, and the unit is mm;
step 10: intercepting the diameter between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the top point of the wheel rim in the C-th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor I (2), and combining the diameter with the self X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor I (2) to form a coordinate group { (X)d，Dd) }; intercepting the diameter between the top point of the wheel rim and the outer rim surface of the wheel in the C' th contour line measured by the laser displacement sensor III (4), and combining the diameter with the X-axis coordinate of the laser displacement sensor III (4) to form a coordinate group { (X)e，De) }; splicing the intercepted coordinate set by taking the wheel rim vertex as a characteristic point, removing a repeated wheel rim vertex coordinate during splicing, and integrating the X coordinate to obtain the X coordinateThe diameter coordinate set { (X) of different positions from the inner rim surface to the outer rim surface of the wheel is obtained by taking the inner rim surface of the wheel as the zero point of the horizontal coordinate and taking the outer rim surface of the wheel as the X axisf，Df)}；
Step 11: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Find X infD or the diameter corresponding to the abscissa closest to D, namely the diameter D of the wheel treadTWherein d is the distance between the wheel diameter measuring base point and the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the height of the wheel rim is
2. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser displacement sensor I (2), the laser displacement sensor II (3) and the laser displacement sensor III (4) are two-dimensional laser displacement sensors.
3. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the laser displacement sensor I (2), the laser displacement sensor II (3) and the laser displacement sensor III (4) are all arranged on the same support (5).
4. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the sampling frequency of the three laser displacement sensors is the same.
5. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 4, characterized in that: the starting switch (1), the laser displacement sensor I (2), the laser displacement sensor II (3), the laser displacement sensor III (4) and the stop switch (6) are all connected with the control system, and the three laser displacement sensors are all connected to the data processing system.
6. The train wheel geometric parameter on-line machine of claim 1The state measurement method is characterized in that: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim thickness measuring base pointhAnd the abscissa corresponding to the inner rim surface of the wheel is marked as X1And the rim thickness is Sd ═ Xh-X1。
7. The on-line dynamic measurement method for the geometric parameters of the train wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: in a coordinate set { (X)f，Df) Finding the abscissa X of the outer side of the wheel rim corresponding to the wheel rim comprehensive value measurement base pointqIf the wheel rim integrated value is Qr ═ Xh-Xq。
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