CN108890114B - Pulse electric field and ultrasonic field assisted metal matrix composite sintering synchronous connection method and device - Google Patents
Pulse electric field and ultrasonic field assisted metal matrix composite sintering synchronous connection method and device Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
- F27D11/10—Disposition of electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/12—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/04—Sintering
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for synchronously connecting metal-based composite materials with the assistance of a pulse electric field and an ultrasonic field, and discloses a method for connecting a magnesium (or copper) -based composite material containing a high volume fraction reinforcing phase with stainless steel while sintering. The method relates to a device comprising: auxiliary devices such as a closed heating furnace, a pulse current loading system, an ultrasonic load applying system, a pressure and lifting system, a sealed insulating tube and the like. The method has the obvious advantages that the sintering and the dissimilar material connection of the metal matrix composite are carried out simultaneously; pulse current flows through experimental materials to induce interface resistance heat and plasma discharge heat, the heating and cooling speeds of the sintering and connecting interfaces are high, external radiant heat is reduced, and residual stress of the joint is reduced; the coupling effect of the pulse electric field, the ultrasonic field and the pressure field is utilized to break the surface oxide film of the enhanced phase, realize sintering under atmospheric conditions, reduce atomic diffusion activation energy, promote interface metallurgical reaction, control the morphology and the size of particles, refine interface crystal grains, improve the quality stability of the joint, and be beneficial to preparing metal-based composite materials/alloy connecting pieces with high comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pulse current and ultrasonic wave composite assisted metal matrix composite/alloy sintering synchronous connection method, in particular to a novel method for sintering a magnesium (or copper) matrix composite containing a reinforcing phase based on a pulse current and ultrasonic wave composite technology and simultaneously realizing connection of the material and a heterogeneous alloy.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, single-property materials are increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of high-end equipment and manufacturing industry, and more rigorous requirements are provided for high parameters such as weight reduction, high toughness, strong abrasion, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, function/structure integration and the like of the materials. The metal-based composite material is a heterogeneous composite material consisting of metal and reinforcing phases such as ceramic, whiskers or carbon nano tube particles, has ultrahigh strength while reflecting the metal characteristics, and is an important structural material and a tool material in various fields of national defense and military industry and national economy. However, the reinforcing phase has great difference with the metal matrix in components, structure and performance, and poor physical and chemical compatibility, which results in complex synthesis process and brings great difficulty to subsequent processing, such as low toughness and plasticity of the finished product, difficult machining, difficult manufacture of large or complex-shaped components and the like, and becomes a key point for the application of the toggle stopper in related fields. Only through combining with metal (or alloy) to improve the obdurability, avoid the oversize of the composite material part, can the requirements of high-parameter working conditions in extreme high temperature, high pressure, abrasion and corrosion environments be met. The technical difficulties of sintering the particle reinforced magnesium (or copper) based composite material and connecting the composite material and the alloy lie in how to promote the atomic diffusion and metallurgical reaction among heterogeneous materials such as a reinforced phase/metal matrix, a reinforced phase/alloy, a metal matrix/alloy and the like, because the reinforced phase is mostly non-metal, the bonding mode is stable covalent bond or ionic bond, the difference between the physical and chemical properties of the reinforced phase/metal (or copper) based composite material and the barrier of a surface oxide film are large, and the sintering and connecting difficulties of the reinforced phase/metal (alloy) are extremely high.
The external energy field assistance is a research hotspot in the field of current material forming, pulse current has the characteristics of low voltage and high current, resistance heat and plasma discharge heat can be generated at a heterogeneous material interface, the requirement of external radiant heat is reduced, so that a low-temperature differential thermal sintering and diffusion mode of an interface high-temperature matrix is formed, and the current activation effect is beneficial to vacancy migration and an element solid solution mechanism by reducing atom diffusion activation energy, so that the generation of interface atom diffusion and metallurgical reaction is promoted. Meanwhile, the acoustic cavitation and acoustic current effects generated by the ultrasonic field break the surface oxide film, assist the liquid metal to wet the surface of the base metal, promote the diffusion of the dissimilar elements and the dispersion effect of ultrasonic vibration, avoid the segregation of interface elements or phases and improve the metallurgical bonding quality.
The prior art of preparing particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials by electric field-ultrasonic wave synergistic assistance, such as Chinese patent No. Z L201110037706.1, discloses a method for synthesizing particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials under pulsed electric field-high energy ultrasound, which applies high energy ultrasound and pulse current to a melt simultaneously in the in-situ reaction synthesis process of preparing metal matrix composite materials by the traditional melt direct reaction method2ZrF6+KBF4The frequency of the powder is 20KHz, and the intensity is 2W/cm2Has an ultrasonic load and frequency of 0.1Hz and a peak current density of 10A/cm2Under the action of pulse current, Al is prepared3Zr(s)+ZrB2(s)The particles reinforce the Al-based composite material. Researches show that the high-energy ultrasonic field is coupled with the pulse electric field, so that the thermodynamics and the kinetics of in-situ particle generation reaction can be improved, the mixing between reactants and a melt is promoted, and the method is suitable for preparing high-performance micro-nano particle reinforced composite materials. However, the technology is only suitable for preparing the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material under the assistance of pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite, whether the composite field assistance is suitable for connecting the metal matrix composite material and a dissimilar material is unknown, and meanwhile, the using device is also obviously different.
The invention discloses an ultrasonic-resistance welding method of an aluminum-based composite material by using an ultrasonic-assisted resistance welding method in the prior art, such as Chinese invention patent No. Z L200510009958.8, which aims to overcome the defect that the aluminum-based composite material needs to be welded in a vacuum environment, replaces radiant heat by resistance heat generated by a bonding interface of a brazing filler metal and a base metal by current, and assists in applying ultrasonic vibration.
In the above and other related researches, the pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite assistance is not simultaneously acted on the metal matrix composite material preparation and the dissimilar material connection, and the research object is not related to the connection between the metal matrix composite material and the alloy. Under the general condition, the sintering of the metal-based composite material and the connection of the material and the alloy are mutually independent processes, the invention integrates the powder pressed compact sintering of the metal-based composite material and the connection of the dissimilar materials, not only simplifies the preparation process, but also can fully utilize the larger specific surface area of the powder, expand the contact area of the composite material, the intermediate layer alloy and the alloy to be connected and increase the diffusion and metallurgical reaction interface area, and is a novel method with simple process, good equipment integration level and high preparation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large physical and chemical difference of heterogeneous materials, blocking of oxide films on the surfaces of materials, high difficulty in interface atom diffusion, high difficulty in metallurgical reaction, low joint connection strength and unstable quality in the processes of sintering of the reinforcing phase and a metal matrix and connecting a sintered body and an alloy, and provides a pulse current-ultrasonic composite auxiliary sintering and connecting synchronization method and device.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a pulse electric field and ultrasonic field assisted metal matrix composite sintering synchronous connection method comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing surfaces to be welded of the base material I and the base material II by using sand paper, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, and placing an active interlayer alloy foil between the base material I and the base material II after drying in the air to form an experimental material; the base material I is a metal-based composite material, and the base material II is an alloy material;
(2) adjusting the axial pressure applied to the experimental material to be kept between 5 and 10MPa, adjusting a heating furnace to raise the ambient temperature of the experimental material to 200 to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 to 60 seconds;
(3) switching in pulse current, and setting the peak current density to 0.1-10A/cm2The pulse frequency is 0.1-10 Hz, the temperature of a sintering or diffusion welding interface of the heterogeneous material is controlled at 500-1000 ℃, the pressure is increased to 15-20 MPa to reduce the thickness of a liquid phase film between two base metals, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 s;
(4) reducing the axial pressure to 3MPa, applying ultrasonic waves, wherein the frequency is 1-20 KHz, the amplitude is 5-50 mu m, and the strength is 5-18W/cm2Introducing ultrasound for 1-50 s;
(5) and after the set ultrasonic time is over, turning off the ultrasonic power supply, increasing the axial pressure to 15-20 MPa, turning off the pulse generator power supply after 2-5 min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the experimental material.
Based on the method, the synchronous connecting device for sintering the metal matrix composite assisted by the pulse electric field and the ultrasonic field comprises a heating system for providing an auxiliary heat source for the experimental material, an electric field generating and conducting device for applying pulse current to the experimental material and an ultrasonic generating and conducting system for applying ultrasonic vibration to the experimental material.
The experimental material consists of a base material I and a base material II with lap joint structures (or butt joint structures) and an intermediate layer alloy foil positioned between lap joint surfaces (or butt joint surfaces).
The heating system for providing the auxiliary heat source comprises a heating furnace for providing diffusion welding preheating and the auxiliary heat source for the experimental material, wherein a thermocouple is installed in the heating furnace, and a temperature control device which is connected with the thermocouple and is used for controlling and detecting the ambient temperature of the experimental material is installed outside the heating furnace.
The electric field generating and conducting device for applying the pulse current comprises a pulse electric field generator positioned outside the heating furnace, a positive direct current pulse high-voltage output end and a grounding end of the pulse electric field generator are respectively connected with an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate positioned in the heating furnace through electrode leads, the experimental material is positioned on the lower electrode plate, and an insulating sleeve is sleeved outside the electrode leads; the lower electrode plate is connected with a lower insulation pressure rod, and the lower insulation pressure rod penetrates out of the heating furnace and is connected with a lower pressing block; the upper electrode plate is connected with an upper insulating pressure rod, and the upper insulating pressure rod penetrates out of the heating furnace and is connected with an upper pressing block; the lower pressing block is driven by a ball screw lifting device, and the axial pressure exerted on the experimental material by the upper pressing block is provided by a hydraulic device.
The ultrasonic generating and conducting system applying ultrasonic vibration comprises an ultrasonic generating device and an ultrasonic transmitting device, wherein the ultrasonic generating device consists of an ultrasonic generating power supply and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer; the ultrasonic transmission device comprises an amplitude transformer connected with the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the amplitude transformer is connected with an ultrasonic transmission rod, an ultrasonic head is installed at the end part of the ultrasonic transmission rod, the head part of the ultrasonic head faces downwards and compresses an experimental material, the pressing force of the ultrasonic head is provided by a balancing weight hung on the ultrasonic transmission rod, and the ultrasonic transmission rod is separated from a cavity of the heating furnace by an insulating ceramic sealing ring.
When the heating system is implemented, the heating system comprises a heating furnace for providing a heat source for preheating and heat preservation of the experimental sample piece, a thermocouple arranged in a cavity of the heating furnace, and a temperature controller arranged outside the furnace and connected with the thermocouple for controlling and detecting the environmental temperature in the furnace. The auxiliary heating power supply is a thermocouple or high-frequency induction heating, and the power supply is a 220v alternating current welding machine and can provide a temperature range of 50-500 ℃.
The pulse current applying system comprises a pulse current power supply, an upper electrode plate, a lower electrode plate, an upper insulation pressure rod, a lower insulation pressure rod, an upper pressing block and a lower pressing block, wherein the upper electrode plate is connected with the upper surface of an experimental material, and the lower electrode plate is connected with the lower surface of the experimental material, so that a pulse current closed loop is formed. The pulse current power supply adopts a pulse current generator, takes IGBT as a digital power module and is ultramicroThe crystal soft magnetic alloy material is a transformer iron core and is provided with functions of automatic voltage and current feedback and system fault diagnosis protection, and the current peak density is 0.1-10A/cm2The device comprises a pulse current generator with a pulse frequency of 1-30 Hz., an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate which are connected with an output end and a grounding end of the pulse current generator respectively through electrode leads, the electrode plates are disc-shaped, the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate simultaneously serve as an upper pressing head and a lower pressing head of an experimental material, the lower electrode plate also serves as an object stage of the experimental material, the electrode material is yttrium-tungsten alloy, the electrode leads are coated with ceramic insulation sleeves, an upper pressing rod and a lower pressing rod penetrate through an upper furnace wall and a lower furnace wall of a working cavity of a heating furnace, the pressing rods are separated from the furnace body through high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic sleeves, the cavity is ensured to be sealed, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing block are connected outside the cavity, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing block are adjusted by a pressure and lifting control system, the axial pressure on the experimental material is kept, the upper electrode plate is connected with the upper pressing block through the upper insulation pressing rod and the lower pressing block through an upper insulation pressing rod, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing rod are driven by a hydraulic, air pressure or mechanical pressing device, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing rod are connected with the upper pressing block, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing block through the lower pressing rod, the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing block, the lower pressing rod is adjusted by a ball screw device, the sample is adjusted by a pressing2O3The ceramic material, wherein the surface of the compression bar and the electrode are coated with high temperature resistant and oxidation resistant materials, so that the oxidation phenomenon under the non-vacuum condition is avoided. The pressurizing mode is a hydraulic pressure, an air pressure or a mechanical pressurizing device such as a screw rod, the pressurizing mode acts on the upper pressing block, the upper insulating pressing rod transmits the upper electrode plate to apply axial pressure on the experimental material, and the lower electrode plate lifting adjusting system is a ball screw device and plays a role in supporting and adjusting the axial position of the experimental material.
The ultrasonic field applying system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a vibration device and an ultrasonic device for transmitting an ultrasonic load to an experimental sample pieceA vibration transfer system; the ultrasonic vibration device comprises a piezoelectric ceramic transducer connected with an ultrasonic power supply, a fixing bolt and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic load transmission system comprises a connecting bolt, a transmission rod, an ultrasonic head, a support and a pressurizing balancing weight. The ultrasonic transmission rod (side driving ultrasonic welding equipment) penetrates through the side wall of the working cavity of the heating furnace, one end of the ultrasonic transmission rod is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic head and is arranged in the furnace to be contacted with the upper surface of the experimental material, the other end of the ultrasonic transmission rod is connected with the amplitude transformer of the power ultrasonic device through a flange and is arranged outside the furnace, the ultrasonic head is fixedly arranged at the end part of the transmission rod and is used for compressing the experimental material and applying ultrasonic vibration, and the balancing weight is hung in the middle of the connecting rod to enable. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer is fixed on the amplitude transformer, and the transmission rod and the ultrasonic head are both made of insulating ceramics in the furnace. The vibration frequency of the ultrasonic generator is 1-20 KHz and 5-20W/cm2The intensity of vibration of (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the invention compounds the external pulse electric field and the ultrasonic field to act on the preparation of the metal matrix composite material containing the reinforcing phase and the diffusion connection process of the metal matrix composite material and the dissimilar alloy. Because the pulse current passes through the lap joint material, resistance heat and plasma discharge heat are formed on the interface of the heterogeneous material and are used as main energy of interface atomic diffusion and metallurgical reaction, so that the external radiation heat is greatly reduced, the temperature is rapidly increased to reach the connection temperature only at the welding part, a differential heat welding mode is realized, the severe thermal expansion effect of the material to be welded is avoided, the residual thermal stress after welding is reduced, the welding efficiency is greatly improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. The electric pulse can reduce the element diffusion activation energy and the apparent activation energy of the interface reaction, is favorable for promoting the atomic diffusion and improves the growth speed of the interface reaction; along with the rapid rise of the temperature of the interface of the heterogeneous material, when the temperature reaches the melting point of the metal matrix or the intermediate layer alloy, the material is melted in a contact micro-area to generate a liquid phase, the sound wave of an external ultrasonic field causes acoustic cavitation and acoustic current effect in the liquid material, the growth characteristic of an interface reactant can be changed, the content of a brittle phase and a low-melting eutectic structure at the interface is controlled, the quantity and the uniform distribution degree of an enhanced phase are improved, the two-field composite effect is improved by one speed, the sintering and welding efficiency can be obviously improved, and the sintering and connection quality is ensured.
2. The invention realizes the connection of the composite material and the alloy through diffusion sintering of the composite material and the alloy, thereby integrating two independent processes of sintering preparation of the metal-based composite material and connection of the material and the alloy into one step.
3. The heat source comprises two parts, wherein one part is heating furnace radiant heat used for improving the ambient temperature of the base metal and playing a role of preheating the base metal and the intermediate layer, the other part is resistance heat and plasma discharge heat generated by pulse current passing through interfaces of the reinforced phase/metal matrix, the metal matrix composite material/intermediate layer and the intermediate layer/alloy, the part of heat is used for quickly improving the sintering interface of the reinforced phase/metal matrix, and the base metal/intermediate layer is in diffusion connection with the temperature of the interface to cause sintering or welding temperature. Based on the composite effect of pulse current and ultrasonic field, the sintering interface temperature can be rapidly increased, the radiant heat and the sintering time can be reduced, and the interface oxide film is continuously broken, so that the sintering and connecting processes do not need to be carried out in a vacuum or protective atmosphere environment.
4. According to the method, the synthesis of the metal matrix composite material containing the reinforcing phase and the welding process of the material and the alloy are integrated, the preparation time is shortened to 5-15 min, the preparation time is shortened by more than 90% compared with the prior art, the particles of the reinforcing phase in the composite material are uniformly distributed, the proportion of the reinforcing phase in a joint is increased, and the brittle intermetallic compound is reduced. Particularly, the diffusion connection interface of the base material and the intermediate layer alloy is clean, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the sintered connecting piece is obviously improved.
The invention has reasonable design, in particular to a technology for diffusion bonding of a metal-based composite material assisted by pulse current and ultrasonic compounding and an alloy during sintering, and particularly relates to a method for bonding a magnesium (or copper) -based composite material containing a high volume fraction reinforcing phase and stainless steel during sintering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a pulse current-ultrasonic assisted metal matrix composite sintering and composite/alloy diffusion bonding device according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a schematic view of an ultrasound-assisted device of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pressurization and lift system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the experimental materials and the interlayer alloy lap joint.
In the figure: 1-pulse electric field generator, 2-insulating sleeve, 3-experimental material, 4-lower electrode plate, 5-upper electrode plate, 6-upper insulating pressure rod, 7-lower insulating pressure rod, 8-thermocouple, 9-, 10-ultrasonic wave generating power supply, 11-piezoelectric ceramic transducer, 12-ultrasonic transmission rod, 13-pressure and lifting integrated control device, 14-heating furnace, 15-upper pressing block, 16-lower pressing block, 17-ball screw lifting device, 18-electrode lead, 19-ultrasonic vibration head, 20-insulating sealing ring, 21-amplitude-changing rod, 22-balancing weight, 24-supporting seat, 25-feeding motor, 26-ball screw, 27-sliding lifting table and 28-coupler, 29-base material I, 30-interlayer alloy foil, 31-base material II.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, but the following explanations are intended to illustrate the invention, but do not limit it in any way.
A synchronous connection experiment device for sintering of metal matrix composite assisted by a pulse electric field and an ultrasonic field comprises a heating system for providing an auxiliary heat source for an experiment material 3, an electric field generating and conducting device for applying pulse current to the experiment material 3, and an ultrasonic generating and conducting system for applying ultrasonic vibration to the experiment material 3.
As shown in FIG. 4, the test material 3 was composed of base materials I29 and II 31 having a lap joint structure and an intermediate layer alloy foil 30 between the lap joint surfaces. The base material I29 is a metal matrix composite material, and can be SiC and/or Al2O3And/or TiC and/or B4C ceramic particle reinforced magnesium (or copper) based composite material, carbon fiber reinforced magnesium (or copper) based composite material, SiC and/or Al2O3And/or ZrO2Whisker reinforced magnesium (A)Or copper) based composite material, base material II 31 is an alloy material, which can be stainless steel or a titanium alloy, stainless steel can be 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel, titanium alloy can be TC4, TC6 or TA15, interlayer alloy foil can be Ag-based or Al-based active interlayer alloy foil, wherein the Ag-based active interlayer alloy foil is one of Ag-Cu-Ti, Ag-Cu-Pd or Ag-Cu-Zn alloy, the Al-based active interlayer alloy foil is one of Al-Si, Al-Si-Mg or Al-Cu-Mg alloy, in the embodiment, base material I29 and base material II 31 are respectively a silicon carbide magnesium-based composite material with a step lap joint structure and a 316L stainless steel plate, and are placed between two upper and lower lap joint surfaces, in the embodiment, interlayer alloy foil 30 is an Ag-Cu-Ti alloy foil.
As shown in fig. 1, the auxiliary heating system includes a sealed heating furnace 14 for supplying diffusion welding preheating and an auxiliary heat source to the test material 3, a thermocouple 8 disposed inside the heating furnace 14, and a temperature control device 9 disposed outside the chamber and connected to the thermocouple 8 for controlling and detecting the ambient temperature of the test material 3. The auxiliary heating system is powered by 220V alternating current, and the working temperature range of the heating furnace 14 is from room temperature to 500 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, the pulsed electric field application system is composed of a pulsed electric field generator 1, a positive direct current pulse high voltage output end and a ground end of the pulsed electric field generator 1 are respectively connected with an upper electrode plate 5 and a lower electrode plate 4 which are positioned in a heating furnace 14 through an electrode lead 18, an experimental material 3 is positioned on the lower electrode plate 4, and an insulating sleeve 2 is sleeved outside the electrode lead 18; the lower electrode plate 4 is connected with a lower insulation pressure rod 7, and the lower insulation pressure rod 7 penetrates out of the heating furnace 14 and then is connected with a lower pressing block 16; the upper electrode plate 5 is connected with an upper insulation pressure rod 6, and the upper insulation pressure rod 6 penetrates out of the heating furnace 14 and then is connected with an upper pressing block 15; the lower pressing block 16 is driven by a ball screw lifting device 17, and the axial pressure exerted by the upper pressing block 17 on the experimental material 3 is provided by a hydraulic device. An upper electrode plate 5 and a lower electrode plate 4 which are respectively connected with a positive direct current pulse high-voltage output end and a grounding end of the generator, wherein the position of the upper electrode plate 5 is determined along with the stroke of an upper pressing block, the lower electrode plate 4 moves downwards along with the driving of a lower pressing head on a ball screw sliding lifting platform 27, the strokes of the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are respectively 6cm and 3cm, and the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are respectively connected with an upper insulation pressing rod and a lower insulation pressingThe lower electrode plate 4 is bolted and simultaneously acts as a stage to place the experimental material 3 on the lower electrode plate. Binding posts are welded on the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate, the binding posts are connected with an electrode lead 18 through nuts, and the other end of the electrode lead 18 is connected with a pulse current generator 1 outside the cavity of the heating furnace. The electrode lead 18 is covered with an insulating sleeve 2 for isolating the lead from the heating furnace. In this embodiment, the upper and lower electrode plates are made of yttrium-tungsten alloy, the diameter of the upper electrode plate 5 is 36cm, and the diameter of the lower electrode plate 4 is 34 cm; in this embodiment, the insulating sleeve is made of quartz glass, and the electrode lead is made of a high-temperature-resistant silver-plated copper wire. In this embodiment, the pulse current generator can generate a current with a peak density of 0.1-5A/cm2The pulse high voltage is 1-20 Hz.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure application and lower press block lifting system includes a pressure and lifting integrated control device 13, an upper press block 15, a lower press block 16, upper and lower insulating press rods 6 and 7, and a ball screw lifting device 17 for controlling the position of the lower press block, and the axial pressure applied by the upper press block to the test material is provided by a hydraulic device. The ball screw lifting device 17 comprises a support base 24, a feeding motor 25, ball screws 26, a sliding lifting table 27 and a coupler 28, wherein the two ball screws 26 are arranged in the support base 24 in parallel, the sliding lifting table 27 is arranged on the two ball screws 26 through bearings respectively, the lower pressing block 16 is positioned on the sliding lifting table 27, and the ball screws 26 are connected with an output shaft of the feeding motor 25 through the coupler 28. The insulating pressure bar is made of high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant insulating ceramic materials, and the contact area of the insulating pressure bar and the heating furnace 14 is separated by a sealing ring. The lower electrode plate can be adjusted to a proper position under the driving of the ball screw device 17, so that a certain contact pressure is kept between the lower electrode plate and the end part of the ultrasonic transmission rod 12, and the transmission of ultrasonic waves is realized. After the position is adjusted, the upper pressing block generates a certain downward pressure, and the pressure system can apply welding pressure of 0.1-20 MPa. In this embodiment, the insulating compression bar is made of high temperature resistant Al2O3Is made of ceramics. In this embodiment, the pressure and the lifting are controlled by a press lifting integrated control device 13. In this embodiment, after the slider lifting table 27 is at a proper position, the lifting table is fixed by the locking device, and then the upper pressing block 15 presses the slider.
As shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic wave application system includes an ultrasonic wave generation device composed of an ultrasonic wave generation power source 10 and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 11, and an ultrasonic wave transmission device that transmits ultrasonic waves to the test material 3; the ultrasonic transmission device comprises an amplitude transformer 21, an ultrasonic transmission rod 12 and an ultrasonic head 19 fixedly arranged at the end part of the ultrasonic transmission rod, wherein the head part of the ultrasonic head is downward and compresses experimental materials, the pressing force is provided by a balancing weight 22 suspended at the lower part of the transmission rod 12, and the ultrasonic transmission rod is connected with the amplitude transformer through a bolt. The ultrasonic transmission rod and the heating furnace cavity are separated by an insulating ceramic sealing ring 20. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transmission rod 12, the ultrasonic vibration head 19, and the insulating seal ring 20 are made of silicon nitride ceramics. In the embodiment, the ultrasonic wave generating power source 10 generates an ultrasonic signal, the signal is converted into mechanical vibration through the ceramic piezoelectric transducer 11, the amplitude is further amplified and concentrated through the amplitude transformer 21, and finally the amplitude is transmitted to the experimental material 3 through the ultrasonic head 19, wherein the ultrasonic vibration strength can be 5-18W/cm2The vibration frequency is 20 to 40KHz with the amplitude of 5 to 30 μm.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the upper electrode plate 5 and the lower electrode plate 4 may be varied according to the ascending and descending stroke of the ascending and descending system 14 and the movement of the pressing block 15 on the pressurizing system.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary heating system may employ various heat sources, such as thermocouple heating, high-frequency induction heating, etc.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the electrode lead may be made of platinum-rhodium alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-silicon alloy or pure platinum.
In other embodiments of the pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite auxiliary diffusion welding device, the materials of the ultrasonic transmission rod, the ultrasonic vibration head, the insulating pressure rod, the insulating sleeve, the insulating sealing ring and the wiring terminal can be other high-hardness high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials.
In other embodiments of other pulsed current-ultrasonic hybrid assisted diffusion welding apparatus of the present invention.
To achieve the object of the invention, the following method is illustrated in conjunction with a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the invention (fig. 1):
A. preparation of experimental materials:
materials: the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting micron-grade magnesium alloy or copper alloy powder as a base material, carrying out high-energy ball milling alloying on a certain proportion of reinforcing phase particles and the base material (such as SiC ceramic particles) by using a micron-grade (less than or equal to 20 microns) reinforcing phase particles by using a high-energy ball milling method, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 1200-1500 rpm, the ball milling time is 6-10 hours, uniformly mixing a reinforcing body and the base material, sintering the mixed powder by using a vacuum sintering furnace, and preparing a pre-sintering agglomeration body under the pressure of 2-3 MPa. The interlayer alloy is made into a sheet shape.
And (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the pre-sintered blocks and the alloy by using a diamond grinding disc to be flat and smooth, then polishing by using a diamond polishing machine with the diameter of 0.5 mu m until the interface is bright and flat, cleaning the surfaces of the pre-sintered bodies and the alloy by using acetone, and airing or drying in the sun for later use.
B. Construction and commissioning of sintering apparatus
The sintering device main body consists of a sintering furnace body with an induction heating coil, a pulse current generator and an ultrasonic generator. The pulse heavy current can form discharge plasma on the interface of the special material and generate the effect of an external electric field; the ultrasonic load transfer device is contacted with the non-connection surface of the composite material sample to generate ultrasonic field effects such as ultrasonic vibration, acoustic flow and the like, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 1. The method comprises the steps of assembling a composite material pre-sintered sample, an intermediate layer alloy foil and an alloy sample according to the diagram shown in figure 4, placing the composite material pre-sintered sample, the intermediate layer alloy foil and the alloy sample on the upper surface of a lower electrode plate disc, compacting an experimental sample by using an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate, debugging a pulse current generator to proper polarity, current and voltage, debugging an ultrasonic generator to proper frequency, starting the device when sintering is to be carried out, and arranging no secondary sintering mold of a pre-sintered body in.
C. Sintering procedure
Applying lower radiant heat, preheating the sample piece and the intermediate layer alloy, introducing pulse current and loading ultrasonic load based on a reasonable application sequence, and leading pulse large current to pass through the upper electrode → the sample → the lower electrode → the power supply during working. The pulse current can generate resistance heat and plasma discharge heat at interfaces of the reinforced phase/metal matrix, the metal matrix composite material pre-sintered blank/intermediate layer alloy foil and the intermediate layer alloy foil/alloy to quickly heat the dissimilar material interface to the sintering temperature, so that other materials (including the metal matrix, the alloy sample and the intermediate layer) except the reinforced phase are locally melted in different degrees at the dissimilar material interface. In addition, the composite action of electric field induced diffusion effect, discharge impact pressure, ultrasonic field acoustic cavitation and acoustic flow effect can reduce element diffusion activation energy, purify an activation interface, break oxide films on the surface of a material, and realize sintering of the composite material and low-temperature, rapid and high-quality metallurgical connection of the composite material/alloy.
The characteristics in terms of parameters of the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field for realizing the invention are as follows:
a. the parameters of the applied pulsed electric field were: the pulse current belongs to square wave direct current, the output current is 1000-4000A, the current in the temperature rising process is not lower than 1200A, the current in the heat preservation process is not lower than 300A, the electrifying time is 3-10 min, and the pulse ratio frequency is 1-30 Hz.
b. The applied ultrasound parameters were: the frequency is 1-20 KHz, the amplitude is 5-50 μm, the introduction time of ultrasonic is 1-50 s, and the area of the tool head is 3-10 mm2The ultrasonic intensity is 5-18W/cm2。
The method has the obvious advantages that the sintering and the dissimilar material connection of the metal matrix composite material are carried out simultaneously; pulse current flows through experimental materials to induce interface resistance heat and plasma discharge heat, the heating and cooling speeds of the sintering and connecting interfaces are high, external radiant heat is reduced, and residual stress of the joint is reduced; the coupling effect of the pulse electric field, the ultrasonic field and the pressure field is utilized to break the surface oxide film of the enhanced phase, realize sintering under atmospheric conditions, reduce atomic diffusion activation energy, promote interface metallurgical reaction, control the morphology and the size of particles, refine interface crystal grains, improve the quality stability of the joint, and be beneficial to preparing metal-based composite materials/alloy connecting pieces with high comprehensive performance.
The pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite auxiliary diffusion welding method of the present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples.
Example 1
The pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite assisted SiC magnesium-based composite material sintering synchronous diffusion connection 316L stainless steel plate.
1. Preparation of the test materials
a. The method comprises the following steps of cutting a to-be-welded base material into a cuboid with the size of 8 × - × mm and processing the cuboid into a step-shaped lapping structure, polishing the to-be-welded surface of the base material by using 800# -1200 # abrasive paper, performing ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, and airing for later use, wherein the to-be-welded base material is a high-volume-fraction SiC magnesium-based powder pre-sintered blank and a 316L stainless steel plate, and the pre-sintered blank is synchronously subjected to secondary sintering in the diffusion welding process, wherein the volume fraction of a SiC reinforcing phase is 10% -50%, the average diameter of SiC powder is 100nm, and a metal matrix is AZ 36;
b. cutting the Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti (Ag content 74.5%, Cu content 21%, Ti content 4.5%) alloy of the middle layer into sheets of 8 × 8 × 0.3.3 mm, ultrasonically cleaning in acetone, and airing for later use;
c. and (3) placing the intermediate layer alloy foil between the lapping surfaces of the base materials, buckling and assembling the two base materials together, placing the base materials on the surface of the lower electrode, and starting a pressure device to apply initial pressure of 5MPa to the experimental material.
2. Auxiliary field device commissioning
a. 220V alternating current is connected to both the pulse electric field power supply and the ultrasonic generator;
b. adopting a method that an upper electrode plate is connected with a positive direct current pulse high-voltage output end and a lower electrode is connected with a ground wire, adjusting the output current of a pulse power supply to 1200A, closing the pulse power supply after the pulse frequency is set to be 20Hz, and starting the pulse power supply when needed by an experiment;
c. the intensity of the ultrasonic generator is adjusted to 5W/cm2And adjusting the ultrasonic frequency to 20KHz, adjusting the ball screw device at the lower part, contacting and pressing the ultrasonic vibration head with the non-welding surface of the composite material, closing the power supply of the ultrasonic generator, and starting the ultrasonic generator when in an experiment.
3. Diffusion welding process
The volume fraction of a reinforcing phase in the SiC reinforced magnesium-based composite material is 10-50%, and the reinforcing phase is mixed with ceramic particlesIncrease of integral number of mitochondria: i, reducing the conductivity of the composite material pre-sintered blank; II, SiC particles/AZ 61 and SiC particles/Ag-21 Cu-4.5Ti heterogeneous interfaces are increased, and the difference of physicochemical properties of the SiC particles and metal is obvious; III, retarding element diffusion of the ceramic particle oxide film with larger area; the above reasons led to higher volume fractions of the enhanced phase experimental material corresponding to higher pulse current density and ultrasound intensity. The ranges of the pulse peak density, the ultrasonic intensity and the ultrasonic frequency corresponding to the volume fraction of 10% -50% of the enhanced phase are respectively 0.5-4.5A/cm2，6~18W/cm2And 20-30 KHz, other parameters do not need to be changed. In the embodiment, 30 percent (more than or equal to 30 percent is high volume fraction) SiC ceramic reinforced phase is taken as a specific implementation object, a) a heating furnace is adjusted to raise the ambient temperature of a base material to 300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 60 s; b) pulse current is switched in, and the peak current density is 3A/cm2Controlling the temperature of a contact surface at 600-800 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50s, and increasing the pressure to 20MPa to reduce the thickness of a liquid-phase film between two parent metals; c) reducing the pressure to 2MPa, starting an ultrasonic device, wherein the frequency of the applied ultrasonic wave is 22KHz, the amplitude is 20 mu m, and the intensity is 12W/cm2Introducing ultrasound for 30 s; d) and after the set ultrasonic time is over, turning off the ultrasonic power supply, turning off the pulse generator power supply after 60s, applying 20MPa axial pressure to the parent metal, naturally cooling the test piece to the room temperature, and taking out the test piece.
4. The shearing strength of the lap joint is measured by using a universal tensile testing machine, and the detection result is 76.5MPa, which is higher than the connection strength of hot-pressing sintering and SPS sintering.
Example 2
The pulse current-ultrasonic wave composite assists B4C copper-based composite material sintering to synchronously diffuse and connect Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
1. Preparation of the test materials
a. The parent metal to be welded is high volume fraction B4Pre-sintering C copper base powder blank and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti content 90%, Al content 6%, V content 4%) alloy plate, cutting into cuboid of 8 × 15 × 30mm, and cutting into pieces of 800 mm#~1200#And (5) sanding the surface to be welded of the parent metal, ultrasonically cleaning in acetone, and airing for later use. The pre-sintered blank is synchronously sintered for the second time in the diffusion welding process, wherein B4The volume fraction of the C reinforcing phase is 10-50%, and the B reinforcing phase is4The average diameter of the C powder is 100nm, and the Cu powder is gas atomization spherical powder;
b. cutting the Al-12Si (Al content 88%, Si content 12%) amorphous alloy in the middle layer into 8 × 8 × 0.3.3 mm slices, ultrasonically cleaning in acetone, and airing for later use;
c. and (3) placing the intermediate layer alloy foil between the faying surfaces of the base materials, assembling the two base materials in a butt joint mode, placing the base materials on the surface of the lower electrode plate, and starting a pressure device to apply initial pressure of 5MPa to the base materials.
2. Auxiliary field device commissioning
a. 220V alternating current is connected to both the pulse electric field power supply and the ultrasonic generator;
b. adopting a method that an upper electrode plate is connected with a positive direct current pulse high-voltage output end and a lower electrode is connected with a ground wire, adjusting the output current of a pulse power supply to 1200A, closing the pulse power supply after the pulse frequency is set to be 20Hz, and starting the pulse power supply when needed by an experiment;
c. the intensity of the ultrasonic generator is adjusted to 5W/cm2And adjusting the ultrasonic frequency to 20KHz, adjusting the ball screw device at the lower part, contacting and pressing the ultrasonic vibration head with the non-welding surface of the composite material, closing the power supply of the ultrasonic generator, and starting the ultrasonic generator when in an experiment.
3. Diffusion welding process
B4The volume fraction of a reinforcing phase in the C reinforced copper-based composite material is 10-50%, and as the volume fraction of ceramic particles is increased: i, reducing the conductivity of the composite material pre-sintered blank; II, B4C particles/Cu, B4Increase in C particle/Al-12 Si hetero-interface, B4The physicochemical property difference of the C particles and the metal is obvious; III, retarding element diffusion of the ceramic particle oxide film with larger area; the above reasons led to higher volume fractions of the enhanced phase experimental material corresponding to higher pulse current density and ultrasound intensity. The ranges of the pulse peak density, the ultrasonic intensity and the ultrasonic frequency corresponding to the volume fraction of 10% -50% of the enhanced phase are respectively 1-5A/cm2，8~18W/cm2And 20-30 KHz, other parameters do not need to be changed. This example uses 30% of B4C ceramic reinforcing phase as concrete implementation object, a) adjusting the heating furnaceRaising the ambient temperature of the parent metal to 350 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60 s; b) pulse current is switched in, and the peak current density is 3.5A/cm2Controlling the temperature of a contact surface at 600-800 ℃, keeping the temperature for 80s, and increasing the pressure to 20MPa to reduce the thickness of a liquid-phase film between two parent metals; c) reducing the pressure to 2MPa, starting an ultrasonic device, wherein the frequency of the applied ultrasonic wave is 30KHz, the amplitude is 20 mu m, and the intensity is 12.5W/cm2Introducing ultrasonic for 40 s; d) and after the set ultrasonic time is over, turning off the ultrasonic power supply, turning off the pulse generator power supply after 100s, applying 20MPa axial pressure to the parent metal, naturally cooling the test piece to the room temperature, and taking out the test piece.
4. The shearing strength of the lap joint is measured by using a universal tensile testing machine, and the detection result is 82.6MPa, which is higher than the connection strength of hot-pressing sintering and SPS sintering.
The joint between the base materials in the above two embodiments may be a lap joint or a butt joint, and the pressure applying device may be a hydraulic device or a mechanical device such as a ball screw.
The working principle of the composite field assisted composite material secondary sintering synchronous dissimilar material diffusion welding is as follows: under the composite effect of pulse current and ultrasonic vibration, the secondary sintering of the metal-based composite material of the reinforcing phase and the diffusion connection of the composite material/alloy are synchronously completed. Firstly, a composite field is applied to secondary sintering of a composite material, pulse current plays a role in spark plasma sintering of a ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite material pre-sintered blank, and ultrasonic vibration is combined to remove an oxide film on the interface of a dissimilar material, prevent reinforcing phases from agglomerating and improve the uniform distribution degree of the reinforcing phases; secondly, the composite field is applied to diffusion connection of composite materials/alloys, the pulse electric field can reduce element diffusion activation, and can replace an external heat source by virtue of interface contact resistance heat and plasma discharge heat caused by pulse current, only the interface locally generates instantaneous high temperature, so that crystal grain growth is avoided, excessive corrosion of base materials is prevented, and thermal deformation and high welding speed are achieved; the protection function of vacuum or inert gas is replaced by the purification and activation of ultrasonic waves and pulse current on the surface of the parent metal, the breaking of an oxide film on the surface and the ultrasonic impurity removal effect. Therefore, the metallurgical bonding of the metal matrix composite/alloy with high efficiency, high reliability, low temperature and low residual stress is realized in the environment without an external heat source and in the atmosphere.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A pulse electric field and ultrasonic field assisted metal matrix composite sintering synchronous connection method is characterized in that: the method is realized in a metal matrix composite sintering synchronous connecting device assisted by a pulse electric field and an ultrasonic field;
the synchronous connection device for sintering the metal matrix composite assisted by the pulse electric field and the ultrasonic field comprises a heating system for providing an auxiliary heat source for the experimental material (3), an electric field generating and conducting device for applying pulse current to the experimental material (3), and an ultrasonic wave generating and conducting system for applying ultrasonic vibration to the experimental material (3);
the experimental material (3) consists of a base material I (29) and a base material II (31) which have an overlapping structure or a butt joint structure, and an intermediate layer alloy foil (30) positioned between overlapping surfaces or butt joint surfaces;
the heating system for providing the auxiliary heat source comprises a heating furnace (14) for providing diffusion welding preheating and the auxiliary heat source for the experimental material (3), wherein a thermocouple (8) is installed in the heating furnace (14), and a temperature control device (9) which is connected with the thermocouple (8) and is used for controlling and detecting the ambient temperature of the experimental material (3) is installed outside the heating furnace (14);
the electric field generating and conducting device for applying the pulse current comprises a pulse electric field generator (1) positioned outside a heating furnace (14), a positive direct current pulse high-voltage output end and a grounding end of the pulse electric field generator (1) are respectively connected with an upper electrode plate (5) and a lower electrode plate (4) positioned in the heating furnace (14) through electrode leads (18), the experimental material (3) is positioned on the lower electrode plate (4), and an insulating sleeve (2) is sleeved outside the electrode leads (18); the lower electrode plate (4) is connected with a lower insulation pressure rod (7), and the lower insulation pressure rod (7) penetrates out of the heating furnace (14) and then is connected with a lower pressing block (16); the upper electrode plate (5) is connected with an upper insulating pressure rod (6), and the upper insulating pressure rod (6) penetrates out of the heating furnace (14) and is connected with an upper pressing block (15); the lower pressing block (16) is driven by a ball screw lifting device (17), and the axial pressure exerted by the upper pressing block (15) on the experimental material (3) is provided by a hydraulic device; the ball screw lifting device (17) comprises a supporting seat (24), a feeding motor (25), ball screws (26), a sliding lifting table (27) and a coupler (28), wherein the two ball screws (26) are arranged in the supporting seat (24) in parallel, the sliding lifting table (27) is arranged on the two ball screws (26) through bearings respectively, the lower pressing block (16) is positioned on the sliding lifting table (27), and the ball screws (26) are connected with an output shaft of the feeding motor (25) through the coupler (28);
the ultrasonic generating and conducting system applying ultrasonic vibration comprises an ultrasonic generating device and an ultrasonic transmitting device, wherein the ultrasonic generating device consists of an ultrasonic generating power supply (10) and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (11); the ultrasonic transmission device comprises an amplitude transformer (21) connected with a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (11), the amplitude transformer (21) is connected with an ultrasonic transmission rod (12), an ultrasonic head (19) is mounted at the end part of the ultrasonic transmission rod (12), the head part of the ultrasonic head (19) faces downwards and compresses an experimental material (3), the pressing force is provided by a balancing weight (22) hung on the ultrasonic transmission rod (12), and the ultrasonic transmission rod (12) is separated from the cavity of the heating furnace (14) by an insulating ceramic sealing ring (20);
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing surfaces to be welded of the base material I and the base material II by using sand paper, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, and placing an active interlayer alloy foil between the base material I and the base material II after drying in the air to form an experimental material; the base material I is a metal-based composite material, and the base material II is an alloy material;
(2) adjusting the axial pressure applied to the experimental material to be kept between 5 and 10MPa, adjusting a heating furnace to raise the ambient temperature of the experimental material to 200 to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 to 60 seconds;
(3) switching in pulse current, and setting the peak current density to 0.1-10A/cm2The pulse frequency is 0.1-10 Hz, the temperature of a sintering or diffusion welding interface of the heterogeneous material is controlled at 500-1000 ℃, the pressure is increased to 15-20 MPa to reduce the thickness of a liquid phase film between two base metals, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 s;
(4) reducing the axial pressure to 3MPa, applying ultrasonic waves, wherein the frequency is 1-20 KHz, the amplitude is 5-50 mu m, and the strength is 5-18W/cm2Introducing ultrasound for 1-50 s;
(5) and after the set ultrasonic time is over, turning off the ultrasonic power supply, increasing the axial pressure to 15-20 MPa, turning off the pulse generator power supply after 2-5 min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the experimental material.
2. The method for synchronously connecting the metal matrix composite sintering assisted by the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal matrix composite material is SiC and/or Al2O3And/or TiC and/or B4C ceramic particle reinforced magnesium or copper-based composite material, carbon fiber reinforced magnesium or copper-based composite material, SiC and/or Al2O3And/or ZrO2The whisker reinforces one of magnesium or copper-based composite materials.
3. The method for synchronously connecting the metal matrix composite sintering assisted by the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloy material is stainless steel or titanium alloy.
4. The synchronous connection method for sintering metal matrix composites assisted by pulsed electric and ultrasonic fields as claimed in claim 3, wherein the stainless steel is 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel, and the titanium alloy is TC4, TC6 or TA 15.
5. The method for synchronously connecting the metal matrix composite sintering assisted by the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intermediate layer alloy foil is an Ag-based or Al-based active intermediate layer alloy foil.
6. The method for synchronously connecting the metal matrix composite sintering assisted by the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field according to claim 5, wherein: the Ag-based active interlayer alloy foil is one of Ag-Cu-Ti, Ag-Cu-Pd or Ag-Cu-Zn alloy.
7. The method for synchronously connecting the metal matrix composite sintering assisted by the pulsed electric field and the ultrasonic field according to claim 5, wherein: the Al-based active interlayer alloy foil is one of Al-Si, Al-Si-Mg or Al-Cu-Mg alloy.
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