CN108886265B - Power supply system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Power supply system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108886265B
CN108886265B CN201780019140.5A CN201780019140A CN108886265B CN 108886265 B CN108886265 B CN 108886265B CN 201780019140 A CN201780019140 A CN 201780019140A CN 108886265 B CN108886265 B CN 108886265B
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path
ion battery
power supply
switch
supply system
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CN108886265A (en
Inventor
小池智之
渡边崇光
小石瑛文
田原雅彦
土屋辉昌
手塚淳
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/005—Electro-mechanical devices, e.g. switched
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/263—Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00038—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
    • H02J7/00043—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors using switches, contacts or markings, e.g. optical, magnetic or barcode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/108—Normal resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a power supply system which can be mounted on a vehicle and includes two secondary batteries having different charge and discharge characteristics. The power supply system includes, as two secondary batteries: a lead-acid battery connected to an electrical load; and a lithium ion battery connected in parallel to the lead-acid battery with respect to the electrical load via two paths, namely a first path and a second path. Further, the power supply system includes: a generator that can charge a lead-acid battery and a lithium-ion battery; a first switch disposed on the first path; a second switch disposed on the second path; a resistance element provided on the second path and having a resistance value larger than the harness resistance of the first path; and a control unit that controls on/off of the generator and controls on/off of the first switch and the second switch in response to a voltage rise request from the electrical load.

Description

Power supply system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power supply system including two types of secondary batteries having different durability against repetition of charge and discharge, and a method for controlling the same.
Background
JP 2011-234479 a discloses a circuit of a vehicle including a lead-acid battery (hereinafter referred to as "lead-acid battery") and a lithium ion battery. In this circuit, when the engine is automatically restarted from the idle stop, a large current flows through the starter motor and the power supply voltage of the vehicle drops instantaneously, so that the power supply to the starter motor is interrupted and power is supplied only from the lead-acid battery to the starter motor from the viewpoint of protecting a part of the vehicle electrical load (electrical load) provided on the lithium-ion battery side.
In such a circuit, since the second battery is provided with a lithium ion battery having a higher output density or energy density than the lead-acid battery, the alternator can generate power without frequent repetition, and the durability of the lead-acid battery can be improved.
However, in the circuit including two different secondary batteries, i.e., the lead-acid battery and the lithium-ion battery, as in the circuit of JP 2011-234479 a, control may be performed to temporarily increase the input voltage of the electrical load (i.e., the output voltage of the circuit, the system voltage) in response to a request from the electrical load.
When the voltage increase request (hereinafter referred to as "voltage increase request") is made, an alternator, which is a generator in the circuit, is driven to generate power. When power generation is started by the alternator, the lithium ion battery is connected to the electrical load, and when the remaining Charge level (SOC) is low, the lithium ion battery is charged before the input voltage of the electrical load rises.
Therefore, in a state where the lithium ion battery is connected to the above-described circuit, there is a problem that the input voltage of the electrical load cannot be rapidly increased in response to a voltage increase request from the electrical load.
On the other hand, in order to avoid such a state, it is considered that in the circuit of JP 2011-234479 a, the lithium ion battery is cut off (disconnected) from the system of the circuit at an appropriate timing. However, there is a problem that if the lithium ion battery is once disconnected during circuit operation, reconnection cannot be easily performed. When the output from the lithium ion battery is also required in response to a request of an electrical load or the like, the durability of the lead-acid battery may be deteriorated when the lithium ion battery is cut off.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system including a lead-acid battery and a lithium-ion battery, which can quickly increase a system voltage without disconnecting the lithium-ion battery when the system voltage is increased in response to a request from an electrical load, and a control method thereof.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a power supply system according to the present invention is a power supply system that is mountable on a vehicle and includes two secondary batteries having different charge and discharge characteristics, and the power supply system may include: a lead-acid battery connected to an electrical load; a lithium ion battery connected in parallel to the lead-acid battery with respect to an electrical load via two paths, namely a first path and a second path; a generator that can charge a lead-acid battery and a lithium-ion battery; a first switch disposed on the first path; a second switch disposed on the second path; a resistance element provided on the second path and having a resistance value larger than the harness resistance of the first path; and a control unit for controlling the on/off of the generator and controlling the on/off of the first and second switches in response to a voltage rise request from the electrical load.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, since a potential difference can be generated between the system voltage and the lithium ion secondary battery by the resistance element provided on the first path, when the system voltage is increased in response to a request of the electrical load, the system can be switched without disconnecting the lithium ion secondary battery, and the system voltage can be increased rapidly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a power supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a timing chart showing on/off control of the main circuit switch and the sub circuit switch and an operation of the alternator for power generation in the power supply system according to the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a flowchart showing a switching process executed by the ECM of the power supply system of the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a timing chart showing on/off control of a main circuit switch and a sub circuit switch and an operation at the time of power generation by an alternator in a power supply system of a comparative example;
fig. 5 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a power supply system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a power supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(first embodiment)
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a power supply system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The power supply system 100 of the present embodiment is a power supply system that includes two secondary batteries having different charge/discharge characteristics and that can be mounted on a vehicle. The power supply system 100 is applied to, for example, a vehicle equipped with an engine having an idling stop function.
As shown in fig. 1, a power supply system 100 of the present embodiment includes a lead-acid battery (lead-acid battery) 3 and a lithium-ion battery (lithium-ion secondary battery) 4 that are arranged in parallel with an electrical load 50. Further, the power supply system 100 includes: an alternator (generator) 1, a starter 2, a lithium ion battery controller (hereinafter referred to as "LBC") 20 that controls a lithium ion battery 4, and an engine control module (hereinafter referred to as "ECM") 10 that controls the entire power supply system 100.
In the present embodiment, the portion surrounded by the broken line is integrally formed as the lithium ion battery pack P. The lithium ion battery pack P includes a lithium ion battery 4, a lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42, two MOSFETs 31, 32, and an LBC 20. In the present embodiment, the resistance element 60 is attached between the lithium ion battery 4 and the MOSFET32 in the lithium ion battery pack P.
The power supply system 100 includes a lead-acid battery path relay 41 for directly connecting the lead-acid battery 3 with the alternator 1 and the starter 2. As shown in fig. 1, the lead-acid battery 3 is connected to the lithium ion battery 4 via a first path R1 (shown by a broken line in fig. 1) connected to the lithium ion battery 4 via a lead-acid battery path relay 41 and a lithium ion battery attachment relay 42, and a second path R2 (shown by a one-dot chain line in fig. 1) connected to the lithium ion battery 4 via two MOSFETs 31 and 32 and a resistance element 60.
That is, one end of the resistance element 60 is connected to one end of the MOSFET32, and the other end is connected between the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 and the lithium ion battery 4. In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, the electrical load 50 is connected to the lead-acid battery 3 side with respect to the lead-acid battery path relay 41. The alternator 1 and the starter 2 are connected to the lithium ion battery 4 side with respect to the lead-acid battery path relay 41.
The lead-acid battery path relay 41 is constituted by a so-called normally closed relay that is turned on (conductive state) in a state where the coil is not energized. The lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 is a so-called normally open relay that is in an open state (non-conductive state) when the coil is not energized.
In the present embodiment, the first switch of the present invention is realized by the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42. The specific operations are described in detail later using timing diagrams and flowcharts.
The ECM10 is a microcomputer including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), and an input/output interface (I/O interface). Further, the ECM10 may be constituted by a plurality of microcomputers. Although not shown, the ECM10 functions as a determination means in the present embodiment.
The LBC20 receives a signal of a discharge command or a charge command to the starter motor 2 or the electrical load 50 corresponding to an operation state of the engine, not shown, from the ECM 10. The LBC20 performs on/off control of the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42 and the MOSFETs 31, 32 based on the signal.
The alternator 1 drives power generation by the driving force of the engine, and variably controls the generated voltage by lin (local Interconnect network) communication or hard wiring during power generation. In addition, the alternator 1 can also regenerate the kinetic energy of the vehicle as electric power when the vehicle decelerates. Control of these power generation or regeneration is performed by the ECM 10.
The starter 2 is provided in the vicinity of a coupling portion between an engine and an automatic transmission, not shown. The starter 2 includes a pinion gear that moves forward and backward in the same manner as a general starter for starting. When the starter 2 is operated, the pinion gear engages with a gear provided on the outer periphery of a drive plate attached to the crankshaft base end portion, thereby cranking.
The MOSFET31 is connected in such a manner that the forward direction of its parasitic diode coincides with the direction from the lithium ion battery 4 side toward the lead-acid battery 3 side. In addition, the MOSFET32 is connected so that the forward direction of its parasitic diode coincides with the direction from the lead-acid battery 3 side toward the lithium-ion battery 4 side. Thereby, when the MOSFETs 31, 32 are in the off state, the energization between the lead-acid battery 3 and the lithium-ion battery 4 in the second path R2 is prevented. In this embodiment, the second switch of the present invention is implemented by MOSFETs 31 and 32.
When a predetermined condition is satisfied, the LBC20 turns on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 based on a command from the ECM10 to connect (energize) the lithium ion battery 4, the electrical load 50, and the lead-acid battery 3. As the predetermined condition, for example, a request to increase the system voltage from the electrical load 50 may be made. In order to increase the system voltage, it is considered to drive the alternator 1, and the system voltage is set based on the generated voltage of the alternator 1.
Here, when the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 is turned on to connect the lithium ion battery 4 and the alternator 1, and the remaining charge level SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 is low, the generated power of the alternator 1 is mainly used for charging the lithium ion battery 4, and the system voltage cannot be quickly increased.
In the present embodiment, the ECM10 controls the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as the second switches to be turned on in response to a voltage rise request, and thereafter, the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 as the first switch is turned off after indirect electrical connection is established via the second path R2 provided with the resistance element 60, thereby cutting off the first path R1 as direct electrical connection between the alternator 1 and the lithium ion battery 4. Accordingly, even when the alternator 1 is driven, since the charging current can flow through the lithium ion battery 4 via the resistance element 60, the charging speed of the lithium ion battery 4 can be reduced, and the system voltage can be increased more than the voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 by the voltage drop of the resistance element 60.
In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, by performing such control by the ECM10, the system voltage (i.e., the input voltage of the electrical load 50) can be increased quickly in response to a power supply increase request.
The resistance of the second path R2 is larger than that of the first path R1 because the resistance element 60 is provided. Therefore, when the MOSFETs 31 and 32 are turned on and the second path R2 is turned on in the normal control, energy loss occurs via the resistance element 60. In order to avoid such a problem, the lithium ion battery 4 may be switched from the second route R2 to the first route R1 on condition that the voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage or that the request for voltage increase is completed.
Note that, as described above, even when the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value or when the connection of the lithium ion battery 4 via the first path R1 is possible under other conditions, the second path R2 may be switched to the first path R1 at a high speed.
Next, the operation of the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to a timing chart shown in fig. 2. Note that fig. 2 mainly shows the operation until the alternator 1 is driven, which is a characteristic feature of the present invention, and the operation until the alternator 1 is stopped or the switching from the second route R2 to the first route R1 is omitted from illustration. The range from time t1 to time t4 is shown as being wider than the actual range. The connection condition of the lithium ion battery 4 via the second path R2 is a condition that is always satisfied during the period shown in the time chart (see the table of Li battery connection conditions in the upper part of fig. 2).
Fig. 2 is a timing chart showing on/off control of the main circuit switch (first switch) and the sub circuit switch (second switch) and an operation of the alternator 1 during power generation in the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment. In fig. 2, the main circuit SW is the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 as a first switch, and the sub circuit SW is the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as second switches.
When a voltage increase request is output from the electrical load 50 to the ECM10 at time t1, first, at time t2, the ECM10 turns on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as the sub circuit SW, and turns on the second path R2. Thereby, both the first path R1 and the second path R2 are instantaneously connected to the electrical load 50. Since the resistance element 60 is provided on the second path R2, the discharge current of the lithium ion battery 4 flows to the electrical load 50 through the first path R1 in this state.
Next, at time t3, the ECM10 turns off the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 as the main circuit SW, and cuts off the conduction of the first path R1.
In this state, although the discharge current of the lithium ion battery 4 flows to the electrical load 50 through the second path R2, the output voltage of the lead-acid battery 3 decreases due to the voltage drop caused by the resistance element 60 (see the voltage graph of fig. 2). Accordingly, the input voltage of the electrical load 50, which is the system voltage, also temporarily drops.
Next, at time t4 after a predetermined time, the ECM10 drives the alternator 1 to switch the power supply system 100 from the charging mode (charging phase) to the power generation mode (power generation phase).
At this time, the ECM10 outputs a voltage command value for the alternator 1, and the alternator 1 performs drive control so that the system voltage becomes the voltage command value. The actual output voltage of the alternator 1 rises later than that, and the system voltage, that is, the input voltage of the electrical load 50 and the inter-terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery 3 also rise along with this. Further, the voltage drop of the resistance element 60 increases the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 to a voltage value lower than the system voltage.
Further, although the output current of the alternator 1 increases as the output voltage increases, the current flowing to the electrical load 50 is substantially constant, and therefore, a part of the output current becomes the charging current of the lead-acid battery 3 and the lithium-ion battery 4.
Note that, although not shown, if the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 becomes equal to or higher than the voltage requested by the electrical load 50 or the voltage increase request from the electrical load 50 ends, the ECM10 turns on the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42, turns off the MOSFETs 31 and 32, and performs control for switching from the second path R2 to the first path R1.
When the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value (here, for example, a set upper limit value), the ECM10 stops the driving of the alternator 1. In the present embodiment, when the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 reaches the predetermined value, the ECM10 may switch from the second path R2 to the first path R1 by turning on the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 and turning off the MOSFETs 31 and 32.
Next, the operation of the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing a switching process executed by the ECM10 of the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment. This switching process is executed at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 10 msec) during startup of a vehicle equipped with power supply system 100.
In this switching process, the ECM10 first determines whether or not there is a voltage increase request from the electrical load 50 (step S101). If it is determined that there is no voltage increase request, the ECM10 completes the switching process directly.
On the other hand, when it is determined that there is a voltage increase request, the ECM10 executes a process of switching from the main circuit to the sub circuit. That is, the ECM10 turns on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as the second switch (sub-circuit switch) (step S102), and turns off the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 as the first switch (main circuit switch) (step S103). After the voltage in the power supply system 100 has stabilized for a predetermined time, the ECM10 drives (turns on) the alternator 1 to switch the power supply system 100 from the discharge mode to the charge mode (step S104).
Next, the ECM10 determines whether or not the voltage increase request from the electrical load 50 is completed, and also determines whether or not the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or higher than the voltage requested by the electrical load 50 (step S105). When it is determined that the voltage increase request is completed or when it is determined that the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or higher than the requested voltage, the ECM10 proceeds to step S107 and executes a switching process for switching from the sub circuit to the main circuit.
On the other hand, when it is determined that the voltage increase request has not been completed and the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 is not equal to or higher than the requested voltage, the ECM10 determines whether the lithium ion battery 4 can be connected to the first path R1 on the main circuit side by using another condition (step S106).
If it is determined in step S106 that the lithium ion battery 4 cannot be connected to the first route R1 on the main circuit side under another condition, the ECM10 repeats the determinations in steps S105 and S106 until either condition is satisfied.
When it is determined in step S105 that the voltage increase request is completed, that the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or higher than the requested voltage, or that the lithium ion battery 4 is connectable to the first path R1 on the main circuit side under other conditions in step S106, the ECM10 turns on the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 as a first switch (main circuit switch) (step S107) and turns off the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as second switches (sub circuit switches) (step S108). Thereby, the power supply system 100 switches from the connection based on the sub circuit via the second path R2 to the connection based on the main circuit via the first path R1.
Next, the ECM10 determines whether or not the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (step S109). As the predetermined value, for example, an SOC upper limit value during operation of the lithium ion battery 4 is used.
When determining that the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 is lower than the predetermined value, the ECM10 repeats the determination of step S109 until the SCO of the lithium ion battery 4 becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined value.
On the other hand, when determining that the SOC of the lithium ion battery 4 is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the ECM10 stops (turns off) the driving of the alternator 1 (step S110), and ends the switching process.
As described above, the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment includes two secondary batteries having different charge/discharge characteristics and is mountable on a vehicle, and includes: a lead-acid battery 3 (lead-acid storage battery) connected to an electrical load 50; a lithium ion battery 4 (lithium ion battery) connected in parallel to the lead-acid battery 3 with respect to the electrical load 50 via two paths, i.e., a first path R1 and a second path R2; an alternator 1 (generator) that can charge a lead-acid battery 3 and a lithium-ion battery 4; a lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 (first switch) provided on the first path R1; MOSFETs 31, 32 (second switch) provided on the second path R2; a resistance element 60 provided on the second path R2 and having a resistance value larger than the harness resistance of the first path R1; the ECM10 (control unit) controls on/off of the alternator 1, and controls on/off of the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 and the MOSFETs 31, 32 in accordance with a voltage rise request (voltage rise request) from the electrical load 50.
In the present embodiment, by configuring the power supply system 100 in this way, the ECM10 drives the alternator 1 after switching the path from the first path R1 to the second path R2 by turning on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as the second switches and turning off the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 as the first switch in accordance with a voltage rise request from the electrical load 50. Thus, the generated power of the alternator 1 is supplied to the electrical load 50 and is also used for charging the lithium ion battery 4. In this case, since the resistance element 60 is provided on the second path R2, the lithium ion battery 4 can be charged, and the system voltage (the input voltage of the electrical load 50) can be rapidly increased by a voltage drop due to the flow of the charging current.
As described above, according to the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, since a potential difference can be generated between the system voltage (the input voltage of the electrical load 50) and the lithium ion battery 4 by the resistance element 60 provided on the first path R1, when the system voltage is increased in response to a request from the electrical load 50, the system voltage (the input voltage of the electrical load 50) can be quickly increased by switching the system without disconnecting the lithium ion battery 4.
In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, the ECM10 (control means) functions as a determination means for determining the presence or absence of a voltage increase request (voltage increase request), and when it is determined that a voltage increase request is made from the electrical load 50, the ECM10 turns on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 (second switch), turns off the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 (first switch), and then switches the alternator 1 (generator) to the power generation mode. This allows the lithium ion battery 4 to be charged in response to the voltage increase request, and the system voltage (the input voltage of the electrical load 50) to be rapidly increased in response to the voltage drop caused by the flow of the charging current.
In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, the first switch may be configured by one of two relays, i.e., the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42. In the present embodiment, the first switch is constituted by the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42. This can appropriately disconnect the first path R1 on the main circuit side.
In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, one end of the MOSFETs 31 and 32 (one end of the MOSFET32 in fig. 1) serving as the second switch may be connected between the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 serving as one of the two relays that can constitute the first switch and the lithium ion battery 4 (lithium ion battery). Thus, the lithium ion battery auxiliary relay 42 and the MOSFETs 31, 32 can function as a first switch and a second switch, respectively.
In the power supply system 100 of the present embodiment, the resistance element provided in the second path R2 may have a fixed resistance value, such as the resistance element 60 or the harness resistance of the second path R2. In the case of using the harness resistance of the second path R2, the harness resistance thereof may be set to be, for example, about 2 times the harness resistance of the first path R1. Specifically, the harness resistance of the first path R1 is about 3 to 5m Ω, and the harness resistance of the second path R2 may be about 5 to 10m Ω. In the case where the resistance element 60 having a fixed resistance value is provided, the resistance value may be about 2 to 5m Ω so that the resistance value becomes the above resistance value as the whole of the second path R2. This is because, when the resistance element 60 having an excessively large resistance value is provided, the energy loss due to the copper loss becomes large.
In addition, the control method of the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment is configured as follows, and the power supply system 100 includes: a lead-acid battery 3 (lead-acid storage battery) connected to an electrical load 50; a lithium ion battery 4 (lithium ion battery) connected in parallel to the lead-acid battery 3 with respect to the electrical load 50 via two paths, i.e., a first path R1 and a second path R2; an alternator 1 (generator) that can charge a lead-acid battery 3 and a lithium-ion battery 4; a lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 (first switch) provided on the first path R1; MOSFETs 31, 32 (second switch) provided on the second path R2; and a resistance element 60 provided on the second path R2 and having a resistance value larger than the harness resistance of the first path R1, wherein the control method of the power supply system 100 includes: a step of determining whether or not there is a voltage increase request (voltage increase request) from the electrical load 50; a step of turning on the MOSFETs 31 and 32 as the second switches and turning off the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 as the first switch when it is determined that there is a voltage increase request; a step of switching the alternator 1 to the power generation mode after the on/off step of the switch. By configuring the control method of the power supply system 100 in this manner, the generated power of the alternator 1 is supplied to the electrical load 50 and is also used for charging the lithium ion battery 4. In this case, since the resistance element 60 is provided in the second path R2, the lithium ion battery 4 can be charged, and the system voltage (the input voltage of the electrical load 50) can be rapidly increased by a voltage drop due to the flow of the charging current.
Comparative example
Hereinafter, in order to clarify the operation and effect of the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment, the control of the conventional power supply system will be described with reference to the timing chart of fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a timing chart showing on/off control of the main circuit switch and the sub circuit switch and an operation at the time of power generation by the alternator in the power supply system of the comparative example.
As shown in fig. 4, in the power supply system of the comparative example, the main circuit switch is always on, and the sub-circuit switch is always off. That is, the power supply system of the comparative example may have the same hardware configuration as the configuration in which the wirings provided with the MOSFETs 31 and 32 and the resistance element 60 on the second path R2 are removed in fig. 1.
In this power supply system, the alternator is driven without switching the path in response to a voltage rise request from the electrical load, and the power supply system is switched from the charging mode (charging phase) to the power generation mode (power generation phase).
At this time, the alternator is driven and controlled so that the system voltage becomes the voltage command value. The actual output voltage of the alternator increases later than the voltage command value, and the system voltage, that is, the input voltage of the electrical load, the inter-terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery, and the inter-terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery also increase.
In the power supply system of the comparative example, when the SOC of the lithium ion battery is low, the output current of the alternator is substantially constant with the current flowing to the electrical load, and therefore, a part of the output current becomes the charging current of the lead-acid battery 3 and the lithium ion battery 4.
The power supply system of the comparative example does not have the resistance element 60 as in the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment, and therefore, the system voltage cannot rise to a level at which the lithium ion battery is charged to a certain extent. Therefore, even if there is a voltage increase request from the electrical load, the system voltage cannot be increased quickly.
(second embodiment)
Hereinafter, the second embodiment of the present invention will be mainly explained with respect to the differences from the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for portions having the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above, and overlapping descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
In the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment, the alternator 1 is connected to the lithium ion battery 4 side with respect to the lead-acid battery path relay 41, and the resistance element 60 is provided on the second path R2. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the alternator 1 is connected to the lead-acid battery path relay 41 on the side of the electrical load 50, and the current sensor 61 functioning as a shunt resistor is provided instead of the resistor element 60.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the power supply system 101 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the power supply system 101 of the present embodiment, the alternator 1 is connected to the electrical load 50 without a relay or the like.
In the power supply system 101 of the present embodiment, when there is a voltage increase request from the electrical load 50, the ECM10 turns on the MOSFETs 31, 32 and then turns off the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42, as in the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment. Thereby, the power supply system 101 switches the connection of the lithium ion battery 4 and the electrical load 50 from the first path R1 to the second path R2.
Also, the ECM10 drives the alternator 1. In the present embodiment, a part of the output current of the alternator 1 is input to the lithium ion battery 4 via the second path R2 provided with the current sensor 61 functioning as a shunt resistor, and the lithium ion battery 4 is charged.
At this time, the voltage drops due to the charging current flowing through the current sensor 61, and accordingly, the system voltage is higher than the lithium ion battery 4. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the system voltage can be quickly increased in response to a voltage increase request from the electrical load 50, as in the first embodiment. As described above, according to the power supply system 101 of the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment can be achieved.
In the power supply system 101 of the present embodiment, the first switch may be configured by one of the two relays, i.e., the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42. In the present embodiment, the first switch is constituted by the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42, as in the first embodiment.
In the power supply system 101 of the present embodiment, a current sensor 61 that also functions as a shunt resistor is used in place of the resistance element 60 of the first embodiment. In this case, the voltage drops due to the charging current flowing through the current sensor 61, and the system voltage can be increased quickly accordingly.
(third embodiment)
Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with respect to the differences from the second embodiment. In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for portions that achieve the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above, and overlapping descriptions are appropriately omitted.
In the power supply system 101 of the second embodiment described above, the current sensor 61 is provided on the second path R2, and one end of the MOSFET32 is connected between the lithium ion battery 4 and the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42 via the current sensor 61. The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a resistance element 60 is provided instead of the current sensor 61 functioning as a shunt resistance, and one end of the MOSFET32 is connected between the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery attachment relay 42 via the resistance element 60, as in the first embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the power supply system 102 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the power supply system 102 of the present embodiment, one end of the MOSFET32 is connected between the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42 via the resistance element 60.
In the present embodiment, the first switch of the present invention is realized by the lead-acid battery path relay 41 by such a difference in hardware configuration. The detailed description of the specific operation will be omitted with reference to the time chart and the flowchart.
In the power supply system 102 of the present embodiment, when there is a voltage rise request from the electrical load 50, the ECM10 turns off the lead-acid battery path relay 41 after turning on the MOSFETs 31, 32. Thereby, the power supply system 102 switches the connection of the lithium ion battery 4 and the electrical load 50 from the first path R1 to the second path R2.
Also, the ECM10 drives the alternator 1. In the present embodiment, a part of the output current of the alternator 1 is input to the lithium ion battery 4 via the second path R2 provided with the resistance element 60 and the lithium ion battery attachment relay 42, and the lithium ion battery 4 is charged.
At this time, the system voltage is higher than the lithium ion battery 4 by a voltage drop due to the charging current flowing through the resistance element 60. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as in the first and second embodiments, the system voltage can be quickly increased in response to a voltage increase request of the electrical load 50. As described above, according to the power supply system 102 of the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the power supply system 100 of the first embodiment can be achieved.
In the power supply system 102 of the present embodiment, the first switch may be configured by one of the two relays, i.e., the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42. In the present embodiment, unlike the first and second embodiments, the first switch is constituted by the lead-acid battery path relay 41.
In the power supply system 102 of the present embodiment, one end of the MOSFETs 31 and 32 (one end of the MOSFET32 in fig. 1) as the second switch may be connected directly or indirectly via the resistance element 60 between the lead-acid battery path relay 41 and the lithium-ion battery auxiliary relay 42, which are two relays of the first switch.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above embodiments are merely examples of applications of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations of the above embodiments.
In the first to third embodiments described above, the case where the power supply systems 100, 101, 102 include two MOSFETs 31, 32 as the second switch of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to such a hardware configuration. The power supply system of the present invention may also constitute the second switch, for example, by a MOSFET 31. The second switch is not limited to the MOSFETs 31 and 32, and may be implemented by a mechanical type having an on/off function, an electrical type having an on/off function, a program of the ECM10, or the like.
The present invention is claimed in a preferred right based on the application of 2016-.

Claims (7)

1. A power supply system that can be mounted on a vehicle, comprising:
a lithium ion battery connected to an electrical load via two paths, namely a first path and a second path;
a generator that can charge the lithium ion battery;
a first switch disposed on the first path;
a resistive element disposed on the second path;
a control unit that controls on/off of the generator and controls on/off of the first switch;
a lead-acid battery connected to the electrical load, having a charge-discharge characteristic different from that of the lithium-ion battery, and connected in parallel to the lithium-ion battery with respect to the electrical load;
a second switch provided on the second path, controlled by the control unit,
the resistance value of the resistance element is larger than the harness resistance of the first path,
the control unit turns off the first switch in accordance with a voltage rise request from the electrical load, thereby cutting off the supply of electric power from the generator to the lithium-ion storage battery via the first path, and by switching the generator to a power generation mode in which the input voltage of the electrical load is increased, thereby supplying electric power generated in the generator to the lithium-ion storage battery via the second path.
2. The power supply system of claim 1,
the control means includes a determination means for determining the presence or absence of the voltage increase request,
when it is determined by the determination means that the voltage increase request is made, the control means turns off the first switch, and then switches the generator to a power generation mode.
3. The power supply system of claim 2,
the first switch is constituted by at least one of the two relays.
4. The power supply system of claim 3,
one end of the second switch is directly or indirectly connected between the two relays.
5. The power supply system of claim 3,
one end of the second switch is connected between one of the two relays of the first switch and the lithium ion battery.
6. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the resistance element is constituted by a resistance element whose resistance value is fixed, a harness resistance of the second path, or a current sensor.
7. A method for controlling a power supply system, the power supply system comprising:
a lithium ion battery connected to an electrical load via two paths, namely a first path and a second path;
a generator that charges the lithium ion battery;
a first switch disposed on the first path;
a resistive element disposed on the second path;
a lead-acid battery connected to the electrical load, having a charge-discharge characteristic different from that of the lithium-ion battery, and connected in parallel to the lithium-ion battery with respect to the electrical load;
a second switch disposed on the second path,
the resistance value of the resistance element is larger than the harness resistance of the first path, and the control method of the power supply system includes:
determining whether or not there is a voltage increase request from the electrical load;
a switch-off step of, when it is determined that the voltage increase request is made, turning off the first switch and cutting off the power supply from the generator to the lithium-ion battery via the first path;
a switching step of switching the generator to a power generation mode in which the input voltage of the electrical load is increased after the step of opening the switch, thereby supplying the electric power from the generator to the lithium-ion storage battery via the second path.
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