CN108883911B - Lubricant application device and passenger conveyor - Google Patents
Lubricant application device and passenger conveyor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108883911B CN108883911B CN201780021639.XA CN201780021639A CN108883911B CN 108883911 B CN108883911 B CN 108883911B CN 201780021639 A CN201780021639 A CN 201780021639A CN 108883911 B CN108883911 B CN 108883911B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- handrail
- lubricant
- lubricating member
- guide
- handrail guide
- Prior art date
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B23/00—Component parts of escalators or moving walkways
- B66B23/22—Balustrades
- B66B23/24—Handrails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B31/00—Accessories for escalators, or moving walkways, e.g. for sterilising or cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B31/00—Accessories for escalators, or moving walkways, e.g. for sterilising or cleaning
- B66B31/02—Accessories for escalators, or moving walkways, e.g. for sterilising or cleaning for handrails
Landscapes
- Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lubricant applying device and a passenger conveyor, which can apply lubricant on an upper extension surface and a lower extension surface of a sliding surface at the inner side of a folding part of a moving handrail by a simple structure. The lubricant application device is provided with: a 1 st lubricating member fixed to a handrail guide of the handrail guide, the lubricating member being arranged to protrude upward from an opening formed in the handrail guide, the upper surface being a 1 st lubricant applying surface, the lower surface being a 1 st inclined surface, a thickness between the 1 st inclined surface and the 1 st lubricant applying surface being increased at a fixed ratio toward one direction in a longitudinal direction of the handrail guide; and a 2 nd lubricating member which is overlapped with the 1 st lubricating member so that an upper surface thereof can slide in contact with the 1 st inclined surface, and which is restricted from moving in the width direction of the handrail guide, and which is arranged to protrude downward from the opening portion, wherein a lower surface of the 2 nd lubricating member is a 2 nd lubricant-coated surface, an upper surface thereof is a 2 nd inclined surface, and a thickness between the 2 nd inclined surface and the 2 nd lubricant-coated surface is reduced at the fixed ratio toward one direction in the length direction of the handrail guide.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a lubricant applying device that transports a passenger using a flight and applies lubricant to a moving handrail that moves at the same speed as the flight, and a passenger conveyor.
background
A passenger conveyor is provided with a moving handrail that travels at the same speed as a flight for transporting passengers and is gripped by the passengers during riding, thereby maintaining the postures of the passengers and ensuring safety. The moving handrail is configured to guide its path along a structural portion called a handrail guide. When the moving handrail travels, the sliding surface on the inner side of the moving handrail frictionally slides on the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide.
The driving force to move the handrail is typically achieved by friction drive of rollers or large diameter pulleys. When the sliding state between the sliding surface on the inner side of the moving handrail and the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide deteriorates, the running resistance of the moving handrail increases, and the sliding in the friction drive increases. As a result, the traveling of the moving handrail is slowed down with respect to the traveling of the flights, and safety is impaired.
Therefore, conventionally, in the case of regular maintenance, for example, a lubricant such as paraffin is applied to the sliding surface of the moving handrail or the surface of the handrail guide, thereby improving the sliding property between the sliding surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guide of the handrail guide. However, such an operation of applying the lubricant to the sliding surface of the moving handrail or the surface of the handrail guide is performed by a manual operation of a maintenance worker, and the work load is increased.
In view of such circumstances, a conventional moving handrail guide device includes a lubricant applying unit provided inside a moving handrail and configured to be movable in a width direction of the moving handrail, and normally, a lubricant forming portion of the lubricant applying unit is set to be retracted from an inner end of the moving handrail, and at the time of application, the lubricant forming portion is set to be projected toward the inner end of the moving handrail, and the lubricant is applied to the inner end of the moving handrail by bringing the lubricant forming portion into contact with the inner end of the moving handrail (see, for example, patent document 1).
In addition, in the conventional elevator, the solid lubricant applying device provided in the guide device attached to the vertically movable body and guiding the vertically movable body on the guide rail includes: a guide member having a slope inclined toward the guide rail; a solid lubricant having a slope surface formed on one end side thereof to be fitted into the slope surface of the guide member; and a support body provided on the other end side of the solid lubricant, the support body being configured such that when the vertically movable body moves upward, the solid lubricant is pressed against the guide rail by a frictional force with the guide rail, and is applied to the guide rail (see, for example, patent document 2).
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-24671
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-234268
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The moving handrail of the passenger conveyor is formed into a cross section in which both sides in the width direction of a horizontal portion that comes into contact with the palm of a passenger when the passenger is seated turn back in an arc shape. The arc surface of the inner side surface folded back in an arc shape at both ends, and the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface extending from the arc surface to the inner side in the width direction become sliding surfaces between the handrail guide and the handrail guide during traveling. Further, since the contact area between the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface and the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide is increased during traveling, it is effective to improve the sliding property of the portion to suppress an increase in the traveling resistance of the moving handrail.
In the lubricant applying unit of the conventional moving handrail guide device, the lubricant forming portion moves in the width direction of the moving handrail and is pressed against the inner end portion of the moving handrail, and therefore, the lubricant forming portion can apply the lubricant so as to contact the entire surface of the sliding surface of the moving handrail at an initial stage. The lubricant forming portion wears due to sliding with the moving handrail. Further, since the lubricant forming portion is pressed in the width direction of the moving handrail, even if the wear of the lubricant forming portion progresses, the lubricant continues to be applied to the arc surface of the sliding surface. However, when the lubricant forming portion is worn to form a gap between the lubricant forming portion and the upper and lower extended surfaces of the sliding surface, the lubricant is not applied on the upper and lower extended surfaces of the sliding surface any more. As described above, the lubricant application unit of the conventional moving handrail guiding device has the following problems: when the wear of the lubricant forming portion progresses, the lubricant cannot be applied to the entire sliding surface of the moving handrail, and the running resistance of the moving handrail increases.
Further, the lubricant application unit of the conventional moving handrail guiding device has the following problems: the device requires a drive mechanism for reciprocating the lubricant forming portion in the width direction of the moving handrail, which leads to high cost.
In a conventional solid lubricant application device provided in a guide device for an elevator, a solid lubricant is applied only to an outer surface of a guide rail on which a moving body slides. In view of the above, it is structurally difficult to apply a solid lubricant application device provided in a conventional guide device for an elevator to a device in which a lubricant is applied to an upper extension surface and a lower extension surface extending inward in the width direction from both ends of an inner arc surface of a folded portion at both ends in the width direction of a moving handrail.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant applying device and a passenger conveyor having a simple configuration, which can apply lubricant to an upper extension surface and a lower extension surface extending inward in a width direction from an arc surface of an inward sliding surface of a folded portion of a moving handrail even when wear of the lubricant progresses.
Means for solving the problems
The lubricant applying device of the present invention is a lubricant applying device mounted on a handrail guide having a pair of handrail guide portions protruding to both sides in a width direction and having openings formed so as to penetrate the pair of handrail guide portions in a vertical direction, the lubricant applying device including: a 1 st lubricating member fixed to the handrail guide and arranged to protrude upward from the opening, an upper surface of the 1 st lubricating member being a 1 st lubricant applying surface, a lower surface of the 1 st lubricating member being a 1 st inclined surface, a thickness between the 1 st inclined surface and the 1 st lubricant applying surface increasing at a constant rate toward one direction in a longitudinal direction of the handrail guide; and a 2 nd lubricating member that overlaps the 1 st lubricating member so that an upper surface thereof can slide in contact with the 1 st inclined surface, and is restricted from moving in the width direction of the handrail guide, the 2 nd lubricating member being disposed to protrude downward from the opening portion, a lower surface of the 2 nd lubricating member being a 2 nd lubricant applying surface, the upper surface of the 2 nd lubricating member being a 2 nd inclined surface, a thickness between the 2 nd inclined surface and the 2 nd lubricant applying surface decreasing at the fixed ratio toward one direction in the length direction of the handrail guide.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, the 1 st lubricating member and the 2 nd lubricating member are overlapped so that the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface are in contact with each other, and are arranged to protrude vertically from an opening portion formed in the handrail guiding portion of the handrail guide. When the moving handrail is mounted on the handrail guide, the stacked body of the 1 st lubricating member and the 2 nd lubricating member is disposed between the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface of the moving handrail. At this time, the lubricant applying device is assembled to the handrail guide in such a manner that the thickness between the 1 st lubricant applying surface and the 1 st inclined surface increases at a fixed rate in the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail. Since the 1 st lubricating member protrudes upward from the opening, one of the upper extending surface and the lower extending surface abuts against the 1 st lubricant applying surface of the 1 st lubricating member due to its own weight. Then, when the moving handrail is driven, the lubricant is applied to one of the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface.
In addition, the thickness between the 1 st lubricant application surface and the 1 st inclined surface of the 1 st lubricating member increases at a fixed rate toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail. The thickness between the 2 nd lubricant application face and the 2 nd inclined face of the 2 nd lubricating member decreases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail. Thus, when the moving handrail travels, the 2 nd lubricating member bites into between the 1 st lubricating member and the other of the upper extending surface and the lower extending surface by the wedge effect, and the 2 nd lubricant applying surface of the 2 nd lubricating member is pressed against the other of the upper extending surface and the lower extending surface. Then, the lubricant is applied to the other of the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface.
as described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to apply the lubricant to the upper extension surface and the lower extension surface simultaneously during traveling of the moving handrail with an inexpensive configuration without using a drive mechanism for pressing the lubricating member against the sliding surface of the moving handrail. Even if the wear of the lubricant progresses during the coating, the same effect is maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conveying path of a moving handrail in an escalator.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of a moving handrail of an escalator.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a state where a moving handrail is fitted to a handrail guide in the escalator.
Fig. 4A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guide of the handrail guide in the inclined path, the upper horizontal path, the lower horizontal path, and the lower curved path of the outward path.
fig. 4B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guiding portion of the handrail guide in the upper curved portion path of the outward path portion.
Fig. 4C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guiding portion of the handrail guide in the upper curved portion path of the circuit portion.
Fig. 4D is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding state between the slide surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide in the inclined path, the upper horizontal path, the lower horizontal path, and the lower curved path of the circuit portion.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a 1 st lubricating member constituting the lubricant applying device of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a 2 nd lubricating member constituting the lubricant applying device of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device of the escalator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device at the time of operation of the escalator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
fig. 10 is a sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device of the escalator according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI of fig. 10.
Detailed Description
First, before describing the embodiments, a sliding structure between a sliding surface of a moving handrail and a handrail guide of a handrail guide will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4 in order to clarify the technical significance of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a conveying path of a moving handrail in an escalator, fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a structure of the moving handrail of the escalator, fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating a state in which the moving handrail is assembled to a handrail guide in the escalator, fig. 4A is a sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and a handrail guide portion of the handrail guide in an inclined path, an upper horizontal path, a lower horizontal path, and a lower curved path of a walk-in portion, fig. 4B is a sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and a handrail guide portion of the handrail guide in an upper curved path of the walk-in portion, and fig. 4C is a sectional view illustrating a sliding state between a sliding surface of the moving handrail and a handrail guide portion of the handrail guide in an upper curved path of a circuit portion, fig. 4D is a cross-sectional view illustrating a sliding state between the slide surface of the moving handrail and the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide in the inclined path, the upper horizontal path, the lower horizontal path, and the lower curved path of the circuit portion.
As shown in fig. 1, a conveying path of a moving handrail 1 in an escalator as a passenger conveyor includes an outward path portion to be gripped by a passenger, a return path portion to travel in the escalator, and an upper reversing portion and a lower reversing portion that connect the outward path portion and the return path portion. The loop section is composed of an inclined path, an upper curved path disposed at an upper portion of the inclined path, an upper horizontal path from the upper curved path to the upper reversing section, a lower curved path disposed at a lower portion of the inclined path, and a lower horizontal path from the lower curved path to the lower reversing section. Similarly, the loop portion is also constituted by an inclined path, an upper curved path arranged at an upper portion of the inclined path, an upper horizontal path from the upper curved path to the upper reversing portion, a lower curved path arranged at a lower portion of the inclined path, and a lower horizontal path from the lower curved path to the lower reversing portion.
As shown in fig. 2, the moving handrail 1 has a cross-sectional shape in which both sides in the width direction of a horizontal portion that comes into contact with the palm of a passenger when the passenger is seated are folded in an arc shape and one side of a substantially elliptical shape is opened, and includes: a resin molding part 2 formed in a ring shape; a metal material 3 embedded in the resin molding portion 2 to ensure the tensile strength of the moving handrail 1; and a canvas 4 covering the inner peripheral wall surface of the resin molded portion 2. Here, the sliding surface of the handrail guide 9c of the moving handrail 1 with respect to the handrail guide 9 includes: circular arc surfaces 5 of the folded portions at both ends in the width direction of the inner peripheral surface of the moving handrail 1; and an upper extension surface 6 and a lower extension surface 7 extending from both ends of the arc surface 5 to the inside in the width direction of the moving handrail 1. The upper extension surface 6 as a sliding surface is a region of the inner peripheral surface extending from the upper end of the arc surface 5 to the inside in the width direction of the moving handrail 1, which region faces the lower extension surface 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the handrail guide 9 is made by bending an elongated rectangular flat plate-like member in the width direction. A space (hereinafter, an internal space 9a) having a rectangular cross section is formed inside the handrail guide 9. The armrest guide 9 has an opening 9b formed in the lower surface of the center portion to communicate the internal space 9a with the outside. The handrail guide 9 is formed with a pair of handrail guide portions 9c protruding outward from both sides in the width direction of the upper portion of the internal space 9 a. The handrail guide 9 thus formed is disposed along the conveying path of the moving handrail 1. The moving handrail 1 is attached to the handrail guide 9 so that the handrail guide portions 9c are accommodated in the folded portions at both ends in the width direction.
Here, the sliding state between the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1 and the handrail guide portion 9c of the handrail guide 9 differs depending on each path of the conveying path of the moving handrail 1. First, in the inclined path, the upper horizontal path, and the lower horizontal path of the outward path, the back surface side of the passenger gripping surface of the moving handrail 1 comes into contact with the handrail guide 9 due to its own weight, as shown in fig. 4A. In the lower curved portion path of the outward route portion and the vicinity thereof, as shown in fig. 4A, the back side of the passenger gripping surface of the moving handrail 1 is brought into contact with the handrail guide 9 by the tension acting on the moving handrail 1 when the moving handrail 1 is bent. In the upper curved portion path of the outward route portion and its vicinity, as shown in fig. 4B, the inner surfaces of the front end portions of the folded-back portions at both ends in the width direction of the moving handrail 1 are brought into contact with the handrail guide 9 by the tension acting on the moving handrail 1 when the moving handrail 1 is bent.
In the inclined path, the upper horizontal path, and the lower horizontal path of the loop portion, as shown in fig. 4D, the inner surfaces of the front end portions of the folded-back portions that move both the ends in the width direction of the handrail 1 are brought into contact with the handrail guide 9 by their own weight. In the lower curved portion path of the loop portion and its vicinity, as shown in fig. 4D, the inner surfaces of the front end portions of the folded-back portions at both ends in the width direction of the moving handrail 1 are brought into contact with the handrail guide 9 by the tension acting on the moving handrail 1 when the moving handrail 1 is bent. In the upper curved portion path of the loop portion and its vicinity, as shown in fig. 4C, the back side of the passenger gripping surface of the moving handrail 1 is brought into contact with the handrail guide 9 due to the tension acting on the moving handrail 1 when the moving handrail 1 is bent.
in the upper reversing section and the lower reversing section, since the tension acting on the moving handrail 1 varies depending on the number of passengers and the difference in height between the upper and lower stairs of the escalator, it is not possible to determine which side of the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1 is in contact with the handrail guide 9.
As described above, when the moving handrail 1 travels, the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7 of the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1 slide on the handrail guide 9 c. That is, it is found that the sliding properties of the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7 in the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1 need to be improved in order to reduce the sliding resistance of the moving handrail 1 by the coating agent, and that sufficient effects cannot be obtained when the coating agent is applied to only one of the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7.
Embodiment 1.
fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a 1 st lubricating member constituting the lubricant applying device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a 2 nd lubricating member constituting the lubricant applying device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of fig. 7, and fig. 9 is a sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device at the time of operation of the escalator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Fig. 7 to 9 show a case where the lubricant applying device is mounted on the handrail guide portion of the handrail guide constituting the lower horizontal path of the loop portion of the conveying path of the moving handrail.
In fig. 5 and 6, the lubricant applying device 10 includes a 1 st lubricating member 11 for applying the lubricant to the lower extension surface 7 and a 2 nd lubricating member 12 for applying the lubricant to the upper extension surface 6.
The opening 9d is formed by cutting out a part of the handrail guide 9c of the handrail guide 9 so that the opening 9d penetrates the handrail guide 9c in the thickness direction, and the opening 9d is formed to have a length set in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9.
the 1 st lubricating member 11 includes: a lubricant application section 11a formed in an elongated rectangular parallelepiped shape and having a top surface as a 1 st lubricant application surface; a guide projection 11b projecting from the lower surface of the lubricant applying portion 11a and extending in the longitudinal direction of the lubricant applying portion 11a, and having a 1 st inclined surface whose projecting amount from the lower surface of the lubricant applying portion 11a gradually increases toward one direction in the longitudinal direction of the lubricant applying portion 11 a; a pair of stopper portions 11c formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the guide projection 11 b; and a pair of flange portions 11d formed on the outer sides of the pair of stopper portions 11c in the longitudinal direction of the lubricant application portion 11a and serving as fixing portions to be fixed to the handrail guide portion 9 c. The upper surface of the lubricant applying portion 11a serves as the upper surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11, and the protruding end surface of the guide projection 11b serves as the lower surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11.
Here, the 1 st lubricating member 11 is integrally formed with a fixed lubricant such as paraffin. Further, it is not necessary to prepare the entire 1 st lubricating member 11 by fixing a lubricant with paraffin or the like, and at least the 1 st lubricant application surface side portion of the lubricant application portion 11a may be prepared by fixing a lubricant with paraffin or the like.
The 2 nd lubricating member 12 includes: a lubricant coating section 12a formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape shorter than the lubricant coating section 11a and having a lower surface as a 2 nd lubricant coating surface; and a guide groove 12b formed on the upper surface of the lubricant applying portion 12a with the groove direction being the longitudinal direction of the lubricant applying portion 12a, and the groove bottom surface being a 2 nd inclined surface whose groove depth gradually becomes deeper toward one direction in the longitudinal direction of the lubricant applying portion 12 a. Here, the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is integrally formed with a fixed lubricant such as paraffin. The lower surface of the lubricant applying portion 12a serves as the lower surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12, and the groove bottom surface of the guide groove 12b serves as the upper surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12.
Here, it is not necessary to prepare the entire 2 nd lubricating member 12 with a fixed lubricant such as paraffin, and at least the 2 nd lubricant application surface side portion of the lubricant application portion 12a may be prepared with a fixed lubricant such as paraffin.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in the 1 st lubricating member 11, one direction in the longitudinal direction of the lubricant applying portion 11a is set to the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1, and a pair of flange portions 11d are provided so as to be fixed to both edges in the longitudinal direction of an opening portion 9d formed in the handrail guide portion 9c of the handrail guide 9. At this time, the 1 st lubricant applying surface of the lubricant applying portion 11a protrudes from the handrail guide portion 9c toward the back surface side of the horizontal portion of the moving handrail 1. The 2 nd lubricating member 12 receives the guide projection 11b in the guide groove 12b, and is overlapped with the lower surface side of the 1 st lubricating member 11, whereby the lubricant applying device 10 is attached to the handrail guide 9.
in the lubricant applying device 10 configured as described above, the guide groove 12b is fitted to the guide projection 11b, and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is restricted from moving in the width direction of the handrail guide 9 and is capable of reciprocating in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9 under the guide of the guide projection 11 b. The 1 st lubricant application surface of the lubricant application portion 11a and the 2 nd lubricant application surface of the lubricant application portion 12a are planes parallel to each other, which are substantially perpendicular to a vertical plane passing through the center of the conveyance path of the moving handrail. The thickness between the 1 st lubricant application surface and the 1 st inclined surface in the 1 st lubricating member 11 increases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The thickness between the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface and the 2 nd inclined surface in the 2 nd lubricating member 12 decreases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1 abuts against the 1 st lubricant application surface of the lubricant application portion 11a of the 1 st lubricating member 11 by its own weight. Further, the 2 nd lubricant application surface of the lubricant application portion 12a of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 abuts on the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1 due to its own weight.
Here, when the moving handrail 1 moves in the left direction (traveling direction) in fig. 8, the lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1 slides while being pressed against the 1 st lubricant application surface of the lubricant application portion 11a by the own weight of the moving handrail 1, thereby applying the lubricant. The 2 nd lubricating member 12 moves together with the moving handrail 1 by a frictional force generated between the 2 nd lubricating member and the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1, and the 2 nd inclined surface, which is the groove bottom surface of the guide groove 12b, abuts against the 1 st inclined surface, which is the projection end surface of the guide projection 11b, as shown in fig. 9. The 2 nd lubricating member 12 slides on the 2 nd inclined surface of the guide projection 11b by a frictional force generated between the upper extension surface 6 and the guide projection 12. Thereby, the pressing force for pressing the 2 nd lubricating member 12 against the upper extension surface 6 is generated by the wedge effect. Then, the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1 slides on the 2 nd lubricant applying surface of the lubricant applying portion 12a of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 in a state of receiving the pressing force, and thereby the lubricant is applied.
The lubricant application portions 11a and 12a are worn away by application of the lubricant, and the thickness is reduced. Then, the lubricant is applied to the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7 at the same time until the thickness between the 1 st lubricant applied surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the 2 nd lubricant applied surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 becomes equal to or less than the interval between the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7.
Here, when the thickness between the 1 st lubricant-applied surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 becomes equal to or less than the interval between the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7, the lubricant-applied portion 12a of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is pressed against the upper extending surface 6 by only its own weight. Then, the thickness of the lubricant applying portion 12a gradually decreases due to wear, and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 moves in the left direction in fig. 9, and finally comes into contact with the stopper portion 11c located forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1. This prevents the 2 nd lubricating member 12 from coming off forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1.
Further, when the moving handrail 1 moves in the right direction in fig. 9 during maintenance inspection or the like, the 2 nd lubricating member 12 moves in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 by a frictional force with the moving handrail 1, and finally abuts against the stopper portion 11c located in front of the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1. Thus, the release of the fitted state of the guide groove 12b and the guide projection 11b is prevented, and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is prevented from coming off forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1.
In embodiment 1, the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 are disposed so as to overlap each other such that the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface are in contact with each other, and protrude vertically from an opening 9d formed in the handrail guide 9c of the handrail guide 9. When the moving handrail 1 is mounted on the handrail guide 9, the stacked body of the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is disposed between the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1. Since the 1 st lubricating member 11 protrudes upward from the opening 9d, the lower extension surface 7 abuts against the 1 st lubricant application surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11 by its own weight. Then, when the moving handrail 1 travels, the lubricant is applied to the lower extension surface 7.
In addition, the thickness between the 1 st lubricant-applied surface and the 1 st inclined surface of the 1 st lubricating member 11 increases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The thickness between the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface and the 2 nd inclined surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 decreases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. Thus, when the moving handrail 1 travels, the 2 nd lubricating member 12 bites between the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the upper extension surface 6 by a wedge effect, and the 2 nd lubricant applying surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 12 is pressed against the upper extension surface 6. Thus, the lubricant is applied to the upper extension surface 6.
As described above, according to embodiment 1, it is not necessary to use a driving mechanism for pressing the 1 st lubricating member 11 and the 2 nd lubricating member 12 against the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1, and it is possible to apply the lubricant to the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7 simultaneously when the moving handrail 1 travels with an inexpensive configuration.
In addition, in embodiment 1, the guide groove is fitted to the guide projection of the 1 st lubricating member fixed to the handrail guide to regulate the movement of the 2 nd lubricating member in the width direction, but a regulating member extending in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide may be provided at both side edge portions in the width direction of the opening portion formed in the handrail guide portion, and the movement of the 2 nd lubricating member in the width direction may be regulated by the regulating member. In this case, the guide projection and the guide groove may be eliminated, and the entire lower surface of the lubricant applying portion of the 1 st lubricating member may be the 1 st inclined surface, and the entire upper surface of the lubricant applying portion of the 2 nd lubricating member may be the 2 nd inclined surface.
Embodiment 2.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing the periphery of the lubricant applying device of the escalator according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, and fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along XI-XI in fig. 10. Fig. 10 and 11 show a case where the lubricant applying device is mounted on a lower horizontal path of a circuit portion of a conveying path of the moving handrail.
In fig. 10 and 11, the lubricant applying device 20 includes a 1 st lubricating member 21 for applying the lubricant to the lower extension surface 7 and a 2 nd lubricating member 22 for applying the lubricant to the upper extension surface 6.
The 1 st lubricating member 21 is formed as a column having an elongated wedge-shaped cross section: the upper surface is a flat 1 st lubricant applying surface, and the lower surface is a 1 st inclined surface in which the thickness of the 1 st lubricating member 21 is gradually increased toward one direction in the longitudinal direction. Here, the 1 st lubricating member 21 is made of a fixed lubricant such as paraffin.
The 2 nd lubricating member 22 is formed as a column of an elongated wedge-shaped cross section: the lower surface is a flat 2 nd lubricant-applied surface, and the upper surface is a 2 nd inclined surface in which the thickness of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is gradually reduced toward one direction in the longitudinal direction. Here, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is made of a fixed lubricant such as paraffin.
The 1 st stopper 9e is formed by bending one edge portion in the longitudinal direction of the opening 9d upward. The 2 nd stopper 9f is formed by bending the other edge portion in the longitudinal direction of the opening 9d downward. The widthwise movement restricting portion 9g is formed by bending downward both side edge portions of the opening 9d in the widthwise direction. The 1 st stopper 9e, the 2 nd stopper 9f, and the width direction movement restricting portion 9g may be formed on the handrail guide portion 9c of the handrail guide 9 by welding or the like.
The 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 are disposed in the opening 9d so that the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface abut each other, with one of their longitudinal directions being the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1. At this time, the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22, which are overlapped with the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface in abutment with each other, are disposed in the opening 9d in a state where the total thickness is smaller than the gap between the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1. Further, the 1 st lubricating member 21 is restricted in movement in the width direction of the handrail guide 9 by a pair of width direction movement restricting portions 9 g. In addition, the 1 st lubricating member 21 is prevented from moving in the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9 by the 1 st stopper 9 e. The 2 nd lubricating member 22 is also restricted in movement in the width direction of the handrail guide 9 by the pair of width direction movement restricting portions 9g in the same manner. In addition, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is prevented from moving in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9 by the 2 nd stopper 9 f.
In the lubricant applying device 20 configured as described above, the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 overlap so that the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface contact each other, and are slidable in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The 1 st lubricant application surface and the 2 nd lubricant application surface are planes parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to a vertical plane passing through the center of the conveyance path of the moving handrail. The thickness between the 1 st lubricant-applied surface and the 1 st inclined surface in the 1 st lubricating member 21 increases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The thickness between the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface and the 2 nd inclined surface in the 2 nd lubricating member 22 decreases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9.
Here, when the moving handrail 1 moves in the left direction (traveling direction) in fig. 11, the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is pressed against the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1 by the self weight of the 2 nd lubricating member 22. Then, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 moves together with the moving handrail 1 by the frictional force generated between the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1, and slides on the 1 st inclined surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21, thereby increasing the total thickness of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22. Further, the total thickness of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 tends to become larger than the gap between the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7. By this wedge effect, a pressing force for pressing the 2 nd lubricating member 22 against the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1 is generated. At the same time, a pressing force is generated to press the 1 st lubricating member 21 against the lower extending surface 7 of the moving handrail 1. Then, the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1 slides on the 2 nd lubricant application surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 in a state of receiving the pressing force, and the lubricant is applied. In addition, the lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1 slides on the 1 st lubricant applying surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21 in a state of receiving the pressing force, thereby applying the lubricant.
The 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 are worn by the application of the lubricant, and the thickness thereof is reduced. Then, the lubricant is applied to the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7 at the same time until the thickness between the 1 st lubricant applied surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricant applied surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 becomes equal to or less than the interval between the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7.
Here, when the thickness between the 1 st lubricant-coated surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricant-coated surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 becomes equal to or less than the interval between the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is pressed against the upper extending surface 6 only by the self weight of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22. Then, the thickness of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 becomes gradually thinner due to wear, and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 moves in the left direction in fig. 11 together with the 1 st lubricating member 21. Then, the 1 st lubricating member 21 abuts on the 1 st stopper 9e located forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1. This prevents the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 from coming off forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1.
Further, at the time of maintenance inspection or the like, when the moving handrail 1 moves in the right direction in fig. 11, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 moves in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 by a frictional force with the upper extension surface 6 of the moving handrail 1, and finally abuts against the 2 nd stopper 9f located forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1. This prevents the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 from dropping off forward in the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1.
In this way, the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 are held in the opening 9d in a state where the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface are slidably fitted to each other with respect to the bidirectional movement of the moving handrail 1.
In embodiment 2, the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 are disposed so as to overlap each other such that the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface are in contact with each other, and protrude vertically from the opening 9d formed in the handrail guide 9c of the handrail guide 9. When the moving handrail 1 is mounted on the handrail guide 9, the stacked body of the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is disposed between the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7 of the moving handrail 1. In addition, the thickness between the 1 st lubricant-applied surface and the 1 st inclined surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21 increases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9. The thickness between the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface and the 2 nd inclined surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 decreases at a fixed ratio toward the same direction as the traveling direction of the moving handrail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide 9.
Thus, when the moving handrail 1 travels, the 2 nd lubricating member 22 bites between the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the upper extension surface 6 by the wedge effect, the 2 nd lubricant-applied surface of the 2 nd lubricating member 22 is pressed against the upper extension surface 6, and the 1 st lubricant-applied surface of the 1 st lubricating member 21 is pressed against the lower extension surface 7. Then, the lubricant is applied to the upper extension surface 6 and the lower extension surface 7.
As described above, according to embodiment 2, the lubricant can be applied to the upper extending surface 6 and the lower extending surface 7 simultaneously when the moving handrail 1 travels with an inexpensive configuration without using a driving mechanism that presses the 1 st lubricating member 21 and the 2 nd lubricating member 22 against the sliding surface of the moving handrail 1.
In the above embodiments, the description has been made using the escalator as the passenger conveyor, but the passenger conveyor is not limited to the escalator and may be, for example, an automatic walkway.
In the above embodiments, the moving handrail guiding device is provided in the handrail guiding portion of the handrail guide, but the moving handrail guiding device may be provided in at least one of the pair of handrail guiding portions of the handrail guide.
In each of the above embodiments, the moving handrail guiding device is provided in the lower horizontal path of the loop portion of the conveying path of the moving handrail 1, but the moving handrail guiding device may be provided in the inclined path or the upper horizontal path of the loop portion. The moving handrail guide device may be provided in an inclined path, an upper horizontal path, and a lower horizontal path of the outward route portion.
In the above embodiments, the description has been given of the case where the traveling direction of the moving handrail is one direction, but in the escalator, the moving handrail normally moves in both directions. Therefore, in the escalator in which the moving handrail moves in both directions, a plurality of lubricant applying devices may be provided so that the inclination directions of the 1 st inclined surface and the 2 nd inclined surface constituting the fitting portion of the 1 st lubricating member and the 2 nd lubricating member are opposite to each other. Thus, with respect to the bidirectional movement of the moving handrail, either of the lubricant applying devices can exert a wedge effect to apply the lubricant on the upper and lower extension surfaces of the moving handrail.
Description of the reference symbols
1 moving handrail, 9 handrail guiding, 9c handrail guiding, 9d opening, 9e 1 st stopper, 9f 2 nd stopper, 9g width direction movement limiting portion, 11 1 st lubricating member, 12 nd 2 nd lubricating member, 21 st 1 lubricating member, 22 nd 2 nd lubricating member.
Claims (5)
1. A lubricant applying device is assembled on a handrail guide having a pair of handrail guiding parts protruding to both sides in a width direction,
The lubricant application device includes:
a 1 st lubricating member disposed to protrude upward from an opening formed in the handrail guide so as to penetrate in a vertical direction, an upper surface of the 1 st lubricating member being a 1 st lubricant-coated surface, a lower surface of the 1 st lubricating member being a 1 st inclined surface, a thickness between the 1 st inclined surface and the 1 st lubricant-coated surface increasing at a constant rate in one direction in a longitudinal direction of the handrail guide; and
And a 2 nd lubricating member which is overlapped with the 1 st lubricating member so that an upper surface thereof can slide in contact with the 1 st inclined surface and is restricted from moving in the width direction of the handrail guide, wherein the 2 nd lubricating member is disposed to protrude downward from the opening portion, a lower surface of the 2 nd lubricating member is a 2 nd lubricant-coated surface, an upper surface of the 2 nd lubricating member is a 2 nd inclined surface, and a thickness between the 2 nd inclined surface and the 2 nd lubricant-coated surface decreases at a constant rate toward the one direction in the length direction of the handrail guide.
2. The lubricant applying apparatus according to claim 1,
The 1 st lubricating member is fixed to the handrail guiding portion.
3. The lubricant applying apparatus according to claim 1,
the lubricant application device includes:
A 1 st stopper that prevents the 1 st lubricating member from moving in the one direction in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide; and
A 2 nd stopper which prevents the 2 nd lubricating member from moving in the other direction in the longitudinal direction of the handrail guide,
The 1 st lubricating member is restricted from moving in the width direction of the handrail guide.
4. A passenger conveyor in which a moving handrail is mounted to a handrail guide so as to accommodate a pair of handrail guide portions of the handrail guide in turn-back portions at both ends in a width direction thereof, and circularly travels in one direction along a conveyance path formed by connecting an outward path portion and a return path portion via a pair of turn-back portions, wherein,
The lubricant applying device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3 is fitted to the handrail guide, and
The direction of the thickness increase between the 1 st lubricant applying surface and the 1 st inclined surface is made to coincide with the traveling direction of the moving handrail.
5. A passenger conveyor in which a moving handrail is attached to a handrail guide so as to accommodate a pair of handrail guide portions of the handrail guide in turn-back portions at both ends in a width direction thereof, and is circulated in two directions along a conveying path formed by connecting an outward path portion and a return path portion via a pair of turn-back portions, wherein,
A plurality of the lubricant applying devices according to any one of claims 1 to 3 are mounted to the handrail guide,
Wherein the direction of the thickness increase between the 1 st lubricant applying surface and the 1 st inclined surface of the 1 st lubricant applying device is consistent with one traveling direction of the moving handrail,
The direction of increase in thickness between the 1 st lubricant application surface and the 1 st inclined surface of 1 of the other lubricant application devices coincides with the other traveling direction of the moving handrail.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2016076446 | 2016-04-06 | ||
JP2016-076446 | 2016-04-06 | ||
PCT/JP2017/000652 WO2017175435A1 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-01-11 | Lubricant application apparatus and passenger conveyer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN108883911A CN108883911A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
CN108883911B true CN108883911B (en) | 2019-12-06 |
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CN201780021639.XA Expired - Fee Related CN108883911B (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2017-01-11 | Lubricant application device and passenger conveyor |
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JP (1) | JP6532598B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108883911B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017175435A1 (en) |
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CN108883911B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2019-12-06 | 三菱电机大楼技术服务株式会社 | Lubricant application device and passenger conveyor |
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JPH01220693A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1989-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | Antistatic device for moving handrail of escalator |
CN1749148A (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-22 | 因温特奥股份公司 | Gravity-fed lubricator for escalators or moving walks |
JP2007284220A (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Building Techno Service Co Ltd | Lubricant applying device for movable handrail of passenger conveyor |
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JP2010037040A (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Handrail monitoring device of passenger conveyer |
JP2012201485A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Step of escalator |
JP2014024671A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Building Techno Service Co Ltd | Lubricant coating device of moving handrail for passenger conveyor |
JP2015168559A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Slide resistance reduction device of moving handrail for man conveyor, and method of the same |
JP2015224104A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-14 | 三菱電機ビルテクノサービス株式会社 | Passenger conveyor moving handrail device and lubricant application device for passenger conveyor moving handrail |
CN108883911A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-11-23 | 三菱电机大楼技术服务株式会社 | Lubricant coating device and passenger conveyors |
-
2017
- 2017-01-11 CN CN201780021639.XA patent/CN108883911B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-01-11 JP JP2018510232A patent/JP6532598B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-01-11 WO PCT/JP2017/000652 patent/WO2017175435A1/en active Application Filing
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JPH01220693A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1989-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | Antistatic device for moving handrail of escalator |
CN1749148A (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-22 | 因温特奥股份公司 | Gravity-fed lubricator for escalators or moving walks |
JP2007284220A (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Building Techno Service Co Ltd | Lubricant applying device for movable handrail of passenger conveyor |
CN101573278A (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2009-11-04 | 奥蒂斯电梯公司 | Passenger conveyor handrail with a unique sliding layer |
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JP2015168559A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Slide resistance reduction device of moving handrail for man conveyor, and method of the same |
JP2015224104A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-14 | 三菱電機ビルテクノサービス株式会社 | Passenger conveyor moving handrail device and lubricant application device for passenger conveyor moving handrail |
CN108883911A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-11-23 | 三菱电机大楼技术服务株式会社 | Lubricant coating device and passenger conveyors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN108883911A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
WO2017175435A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
JPWO2017175435A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
JP6532598B2 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
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Address after: Tokyo, Japan Patentee after: Mitsubishi Electric Building Solutions Co.,Ltd. Address before: Tokyo, Japan Patentee before: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC BUILDING TECHNO-SERVICE Co.,Ltd. |
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