CN108883611A - 具有耗电器的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents
具有耗电器的复合玻璃板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108883611A CN108883611A CN201880000321.8A CN201880000321A CN108883611A CN 108883611 A CN108883611 A CN 108883611A CN 201880000321 A CN201880000321 A CN 201880000321A CN 108883611 A CN108883611 A CN 108883611A
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及具有耗电器(9)的复合玻璃板(1),其包括经由热塑性中间层(4)相互接合的外玻璃板(3)和内玻璃板(5),其中热塑性中间层(4)具有空隙(6),所述空隙具有容置开口(8),容置开口(8)具有的尺寸使得其被设置用于将耗电器(9)容置到空隙(6)中,且耗电器(9)布置在空隙(6)中。
Description
本发明涉及复合玻璃板、用于通过此类复合玻璃板播放图像信息的系统、制造该复合玻璃板的方法和该复合玻璃板在机动车中的用途。
现代机动车越来越多地配备有额外的功能性。而且为了提高交通安全性,提供具有驾驶员辅助系统的机动车,其向车辆驾驶员提供其当前交通状况的重要信息。这还包括基于摄像机和显示器的视镜替代系统,其可以呈现比传统后视镜更大的图像部分。为了监测位于车辆后方的交通空间,已知使用用于拍摄图像的摄像机。该图像播放在位于驾驶间区域中的显示器上。由于有限可用的建造空间所致,该显示器也具有相应小的尺寸。
此外,在这种情况下使用的车辆挡风玻璃由两个通过热塑性薄膜相互层压的玻璃质玻璃板构成。在这两个玻璃质玻璃板之间,存在不完全集成的元件,例如LED或显示器。这两个玻璃质玻璃板以及这些元件的接合在一个唯一的层压程序中实现。这种集成的元件可以布置在挡风玻璃的中上部。这样配置的挡风玻璃可能具有问题,即这些元件,特别是基于LED的显示器不能承受层压过程中的高温和压力要求。甚至降低温度、停留时间或压力,也不产生所希望的成功,因为复合玻璃板的光学性质在这样的情况下不可接受。特别是当该显示器被设置用于播放图像信息时,显示器的光学性质可能在层压之后显著变差。这种生产缺陷导致高次品量,因为具有差光学性质的显示器不能使用。
本发明的目的在于提供具有耗电器的复合玻璃板,该耗电器可以集成在复合玻璃板中并且其中该耗电器的光学性质明显改进。
根据本发明,本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板实现。优选的实施方案来自从属权利要求。
本发明的具有耗电器的复合玻璃板包括外玻璃板和内玻璃板,它们经由热塑性中间层相互接合,其中
● 该热塑性中间层具有空隙,该空隙具有容置开口,
● 该容置开口具有的尺寸使得其被设置用于将该耗电器容置到所述空隙中,且
● 该耗电器布置在所述空隙中。
通过使该耗电器可从外部嵌入复合玻璃板中并且在层压该复合玻璃板的过程中不暴露于高温和高压影响下,可以保持该复合玻璃板中的耗电器的良好光学性质。在此,该耗电器保持光学上清晰并可明显察觉。该耗电器可以在此直接布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间并因此特别清晰且显著地为车辆驾驶员发射光。
所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选地具有恒定厚度并具有基本上平坦平行的主表面和与接合它们的环形侧边缘。在一个优选实施方式中,这种复合玻璃板可以在侧边缘上具有容置开口,以使得耗电器可从外部以简单的方式嵌入复合玻璃板中。在本发明的意义上,内玻璃板表示复合玻璃板的朝向内室(车辆内室)的玻璃板。外玻璃板表示朝向外部环境的玻璃板。
适宜地,该耗电器可以是用于显示光学信息的显示装置,特别是显示器。这样的显示装置可以是有机发光二极管(OLED)、无机发光二极管(LED)、TFT-显示器和/或LCD显示器。替代地,也使用多个这样的显示器。
在一个实施方案中,所述空隙具有的尺寸使得其可以齐平地(bündig)容置该耗电器。
在另一个实施方案中,作为耗电器的显示器这样布置在该空隙中,以使得在该耗电器和中间层之间不设置接合。该空隙在此可以具有框架作为支持装置,在其中安置耗电器。此外,该框架可以具有用于锁住耗电器的止动装置。该止动装置可以布置在容置开口上。
优选地,该容置开口可以设计为狭缝形的。该狭缝形容置开口具有的尺寸使得显示器可以通过该容置开口引入空隙中。
所述耗电器可以在这一实施方案中通过连接元件接收数据,特别是图像数据和/或与电源电压连接。该连接元件从所述容置开口向外延伸。在此,该连接元件可以设计为柔性薄膜导体(扁平导体、扁平带导体)。该薄膜导体例如是含有或由铜、镀锡铜、铝、银、金或其合金构成的条或带。该薄膜导体例如具有2 mm至16 mm的宽度和0.03 mm至0.1 mm的厚度。该薄膜导体可以具有绝缘的,优选聚合物的,例如基于聚酰亚胺的包衣。替代地,还可以使用细金属丝作为电连接件。
在另一个实施方案中,所述耗电器通过数据总线系统与网络连接。该数据总线系统可以是CAN-、LIN-、MOST-系统。该网络可以还包括用于获取摄像机环境的图像信息的摄像机。该摄像机可以为此安装在车辆上并且是驾驶员辅助系统的组成部分。这省去为车辆额外配备耗能和占位置的组件。该摄像机可以布置在车辆的后部区域中。
所述耗电器在一个有利实施方式中具有用于传输数据的无线接口,其根据蓝牙-、NFC-、Zigbee-、WLAN(IEEE 802.11, Wi-Fi)或DECT-标准数据工作。
在另一个优选实施方案中,所述空隙和耗电器布置在复合玻璃板的中上部分中。替代地或额外地,该耗电器可以布置在复合玻璃板的下边缘上。
所述热塑性中间层优选是透明的。该中间层优选含有至少一种塑料,优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。但是,该中间层还可以例如含有聚氨酯(PU)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚缩醛树脂(Polyacetatharz)、浇注树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化的乙烯丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯或其共聚物或混合物。该中间层可以通过一个或还可以通过多个相互叠置的薄膜形成,其中薄膜厚度优选为0.025 mm至1 mm,例如0.38 mm或0.84 mm。该中间层可以优选为热塑性的,并且在层压后所述内玻璃板、外玻璃板和可能的其它中间层相互粘合。在本发明的意义上,层压即是内玻璃板、中间层和外玻璃板的接合。
所述复合玻璃板或内玻璃板和外玻璃板优选含有玻璃,特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃或清澈塑料,优选刚性清澈塑料,特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或其混合物。所述复合玻璃板或内玻璃板和外玻璃板优选为透明的,特别是对于该玻璃板用作车辆挡风玻璃或其中希望高透光的其它应用。在本发明中,透明被理解为是指具有大于70 %的在可见光谱范围内的透射的玻璃板。但是,对于不位于驾驶员的与交通相关的视野中的玻璃板,例如对于顶玻璃,透射也可以为低的多,例如大于5 %。
所述内玻璃板的厚度在一个有利的实施方式中为0.4 mm至3.5 mm,优选为0.9 mm至2.1 mm。
所述外玻璃板的厚度在一个有利的实施方式中为至少1.4 mm,优选为至少1.6mm。该外玻璃板的厚度优选为最多4.5 mm,优选最多2.1 mm。在这一范围内,复合玻璃板具有有利的机械稳定性和降噪性能,但是尽管如此仍然足够薄和轻,以能够用作挡风玻璃。
所述外玻璃板、内玻璃板和热塑性中间层可以是清澈且无色的,但也可以是着色或有色的。通过该复合玻璃板的总透射在一个有利的实施方式中为大于70%,特别是当该复合玻璃板为挡风玻璃时。术语总透射基于通过ECE-R 43,附件3,§ 9.1规定的检测机动车玻璃板透光率的方法。所述外玻璃板可以优选地在内侧上靠近玻璃边缘的区域中具有黑色印刷物,以遮盖具有该耗电器的空隙。
所述复合玻璃板优选在空间的一个或多个方向上弯曲,如对于机动车玻璃板常见那样,其中典型曲率半径为约10 cm至约40 m。但是,该复合玻璃板也可以是平坦的,例如当其被设置作为公交车、火车或拖拉机的玻璃板时。
所述复合玻璃板通过层压的制造例如借助真空袋法、真空环法、压延机法、真空层压机、高压釜法或其组合来实现。所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板的接合通常在热量、真空和/或压力的作用下来实现。
所述复合玻璃板适合于将车辆内室与外部环境隔开。该复合玻璃板可以多样化地使用。它们可以例如是挡风玻璃、顶玻璃、后玻璃、侧玻璃或界定车辆内室的其它玻璃。
在一个有利的实施方式中,所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板不配备有预应力。然而,在玻璃板的层压过程中,形成拉应力和压应力的特征性分布,但是其可被本领域技术人员毫无问题地与有意通过使用施加预应力的玻璃板所产生的应力区分。
本发明的另一方面包括用于播放图像信息的系统,其特征在于,摄像机被设置用于拍摄车辆环境的图像,并且所述复合玻璃板配备有用于显示所拍摄的图像的显示器。该系统首先通过摄像机拍摄图像,然后将该图像通过布置在复合玻璃板中的显示器播放。
为了可更好地识别,适宜的是该摄像机是CCD-摄像机。替代地或额外地,该摄像机可以是雷达或红外摄像机。
本发明的用于播放图像信息的系统代替传统后视镜而提供由摄像机获取的图像的清晰且明显的播放,以使得可以省去挡风玻璃上的占位置的传统后视镜。
就此而言特别适宜的是,在通常布置车辆后视镜的位置处配备显示器。任选地,该显示器可以具有后方变黑(Schwärzung)。
本发明还包括制造具有耗电器的复合玻璃板的方法,其中
a) 提供热塑性中间层,
b) 在该热塑性中间层的边缘区域中切割出空隙,其中该空隙的形状至少与耗电器的基础形状匹配,
c) 将该热塑性中间层面对面(flächig)地放置到内玻璃板或外玻璃板上,
d) 将占位件(Platzhalter)嵌入所述空隙中,
e) 在所述热塑性中间层上放置外玻璃板或内玻璃板,
f) 将包括如下部件的层堆叠体层压成复合玻璃板,
- 内玻璃板,
- 具有占位件的热塑性中间层,和
- 外玻璃板,
g) 并将所述耗电器嵌入空隙中。
复合玻璃通过层压的制造通过本领域技术人员本身已知的常见方法,例如高压釜法、真空袋法、真空环法、压延机法、真空层压机或其组合来实现。所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板的接合通常在热量、真空和/或压力的作用下来实现。所谓的高压釜法在约10 bar至15 bar的提高的压力和130 °C至145 °C的温度下经约2小时进行。
通过在层压时使用占位件,可以以简单的方式在层压过程中在复合玻璃板中形成空隙,其被设置用于容置耗电器。因为该耗电器不经受层压,其不会由于层压时的高温和高压而受损。此外,可以简单且快速地在层压后和在嵌入耗电器前进行中间层的截短(Rückschnitt),而不必考虑到悬挂在外的连接元件。在步骤b)的切割和在层压后中间层的截短优选地相对于中间层的表面垂直地进行。
特别地,所述占位件可以设计为板,其是扁平的且在各处同样厚。该板的特征在于其在两个对立面上延伸的平面,其中该板可以由固体材料(例如纸、木材、金属、石材)构成。在占位件在步骤e)中嵌入空隙中后,其可从侧面越过内-或外玻璃板的边缘突出。这使得能够形成抓握面,在该处占位件可以在步骤f)中层压后从复合玻璃板移除。有利地,该占位件在这一实施方案中至少部分地具有防粘涂层,其特别由聚四氟乙烯制成。聚四氟乙烯(简称PTFE,也称为Polytetrafluorethen)是由氟和碳形成的未支化的线性结构的部分结晶的聚合物,也称为所谓的“特氟隆”、Polytetrafluorethen或新氟龙(Xynflon)。由此该聚四氟乙烯实现将占位件与复合玻璃板的中间层容易地脱离。
在将耗电器嵌入空隙中后,然后可以将其用密封剂气密性封闭,其中该耗电器的连接元件向外引导。在此可以使用丁基密封剂(Bytol)作为密封剂。为了保护耗电器免受外部影响,例如湿气和污物,还可以在低温下进行后续且在时间上受限的层压,以封闭该空隙。
任选地,该占位件可以设计为支持装置,其在内玻璃板和外玻璃板之间包围所述空隙。在此,该耗电器在步骤f)中的层压后嵌入该支持装置中。在这种实施方案中,所述支持装置可以设计为框架,其在本发明方法的步骤d)中布置在内玻璃板或外玻璃板上。由此,该框架对于中间层界定所述空隙。此外,该支持装置可以具有用于固定耗电器的机械性工具,其中用于固定的工具允许无破坏地取出耗电器。此外,该支持装置可以具有容置开口,其被支持装置从各方向包围。这种支持装置可以具有塑料-和/或金属构造,特别是热固性塑料。
本发明还包括本发明的复合玻璃板在机动车,优选轿车中,作为挡风玻璃或侧玻璃的用途。
应理解的是,上面提及和下面更详细阐述的特征不仅可以以所示组合和构型,而且还可以以其它组合和构型或单独地使用,而不脱离本发明的范围。
下面借助附图和实施例更详细阐述本发明。所述附图是示意图并不按比例。所述附图绝不限制本发明。
图1展示了在层压前具有占位件的本发明复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的图,
图2展示了在移除占位件后本发明复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的俯视图,
图3展示了具有设计为框架的占位件的本发明复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的俯视图,
图4展示了具有显示器且设计为框架的占位件的一个实施方式的俯视图,
图5展示了作为挡风玻璃的本发明复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的俯视图,
图6展示了作为侧玻璃的本发明复合玻璃板的另一个实施方式的俯视图,
图7展示了制造复合玻璃板的本发明方法的一个实施例的流程图。
图1展示了在复合玻璃板1层压前的具有占位件2的复合玻璃板1。复合玻璃板1由厚度为2.1 mm的钠钙玻璃的外玻璃板3、中间层4和厚度为2.1 mm的钠钙玻璃的内玻璃板5构成。
中间层4由PVB的单个薄膜形成并在边缘区域中具有空隙6。空隙6的形状对应于在复合玻璃板1层压后嵌入空隙6中的耗电器的基础形状。在层压前,在空隙6中布置占位件2。
占位件2在所示实施例中设计为纸片的形式。其厚度对应于中间层4的厚度,以使得其嵌入中间层4中。占位件2具有的尺寸使得其越过内玻璃板5的边缘从空隙6突出。空隙6与伸入复合玻璃板1的占位件部分的形状匹配。此外,占位件2具有聚四氟乙烯的涂层。因此,占位件2面对面地在内玻璃板5和外玻璃板3之间夹在中间层4的区域中。
该布置被证明特别有益,因为用于将内玻璃边5和外玻璃板3接合的中间层4非常好地包围占位件2。
图2展示了层压后图1的复合玻璃板1的一个示例性实施方式的俯视图。具有占位件的复合玻璃板1的层压在耐压-和耐温装置中进行。在层压过程中,液化的中间层4在占位件2的区域中受限。由此保持空隙6的形状。在层压后,将占位件2从空隙6移除。
如果具有耗电器而非占位件2的复合玻璃板1在层压时暴露于提高的热应力和压力,这可能导致耗电器的变形或破坏。使用配备有防粘层涂层的占位件2被证明特别出色,因为占位件2以简单的方式在中间层4层压后再次脱离并可从复合玻璃板1再次移除。
图3展示了本发明复合玻璃板1的另一个实施方式的俯视图。在所示实施例中,占位件2设计为支持装置7,其在内玻璃板5和外玻璃板3之前包围空隙6。设计为框架状的支持装置7在一侧上具有狭缝形的容置开口8,其被设置用于容置显示器。该框架状的支持装置7由金属-/塑料构造构成。
在层压过程中,该框架状的支持装置7对于中间层4界定空隙。在层压后,该框架状的支持装置7保持在复合玻璃板1中。
OLED-显示器通过狭缝形容置开口8嵌入框架状的支持装置7中。支持装置7还具有多个夹具,其作为机械性工具而固定显示器。在需要时,这些夹具允许无破坏地取出显示器。
图4展示了图3的框架状的支持装置7的俯视图。在该框架状的支持装置7中布置显示器9。
图5展示了作为机动车挡风玻璃的本发明复合玻璃板1的一个实施方式的俯视图。显示器9可以是OLED-显示器,其布置在复合玻璃板1的中上部。在所示的实施例中,显示器9是用于播放图像信息的系统的组件,该系统被设置用作车辆侧面的后视镜布置的替代品。车辆驾驶员可以借助显示器9通过摄像机图来看到后方交通空间。
替代地或额外地,这种显示器9可以用于显示交通灯的状态信息。外玻璃板3优选地在靠近玻璃边缘的区域中在内侧上具有黑色印刷物,以遮盖显示器9。
图6展示了作为机动车侧玻璃的本发明复合玻璃板1的另一个实施方式的俯视图。在所示实施例中,显示器9装入车辆的前方侧玻璃中。
图7展示了制造具有OLED-显示器9的复合玻璃板1的本发明方法的一个实施例的流程图。该制造在水平状态下实现,其中
a) 提供热塑性中间层,
b) 在热塑性中间层4的边缘区域中切割出空隙6,其中该空隙的形状对应于OLED-显示器9的基础形状,
c) 将热塑性中间层4面对面地放置到内玻璃板5上,
d) 将占位件2嵌入空隙6中,
e) 在热塑性中间层4上放置外玻璃板3,
f) 将包括如下部件的层堆叠体层压成复合玻璃板1,
- 内玻璃板5,
- 具有占位件2的热塑性中间层4,和
- 外玻璃板3,
g) 并将OLED-显示器9嵌入空隙6中。
复合玻璃通过层压的制造在高压釜法中实现。外玻璃板3和内玻璃板5的接合在此在约10 bar至15 bar的提高的压力和130 °C至145 °C的温度下经约2小时进行。
通过在层压时使用占位件2,可以以简单的方式保持空隙6的形状,该空隙被设置用于容置OLED-显示器9。因为OLED-显示器9不经受层压,其可以不由于高温和高压而受损。
占位件2在这一实施例设计为板,其是扁平的且在各处同样厚。在将占位件在步骤e)中嵌入空隙6中后,可以将其从侧面越过内玻璃板4的边缘突出。这使得能够形成抓握面,在该处占位件2可以在步骤f)中层压后从复合玻璃板1移除。有利地,该占位件在这一实施方案中具有防粘涂层,其实现占位件2与中间层4的脱离。
在将OLED-显示器9嵌入空隙6中后,将空隙6的开口用密封剂气密性封闭。OLED-显示器9具有连接元件,其将OLED-显示器9与电源电压和数据网络连接。OLED-显示器9的连接元件越过密封剂在复合玻璃板1外突出。使用丁基密封剂作为密封剂。
替代地,具有OLED-显示器9的空隙6可以借助后续且时间上受限的层压在低温下一起封闭在复合玻璃板1中。在此使用的PVB具有50 µm至0.38 mm的厚度。
任选地,该占位件2可以设计为支持装置7,如图3和4中所示,其在内玻璃板5和外玻璃板3之前包围空隙6。在此,OLED-显示器9在步骤f)中层压后嵌入支持装置7中。在这种实施方案中,支持装置7设计为框架,其在该制造方法的步骤d)中布置在内玻璃板上。由此该框架对于中间层4界定空隙6。此外,支持装置7可以具有两个夹具,它们将OLED-显示器9固定在该框架中。该框架具有容置开口8,通过该容置开口将OLED-显示器6嵌入空隙6中。
附图标记列表:
1 复合玻璃板
2 占位件
3 外玻璃板
4 中间层
5 内玻璃板
6 空隙
7 支持装置
8 容置开口
9 显示器。
Claims (15)
1.具有耗电器(9)的复合玻璃板(1),其包括经由热塑性中间层(4)相互接合的外玻璃板(3)和内玻璃板(5),其中
● 热塑性中间层(4)具有空隙(6),所述空隙具有容置开口(8),
● 容置开口(8)具有的尺寸使得其被设置用于将耗电器(9)容置到空隙(6)中,且
● 耗电器(9)布置在空隙(6)中。
2.根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板(1),其特征在于,耗电器(9)具有用于显示光学信息的显示装置,特别是显示器。
3.根据权利要求1或2的复合玻璃板(1) ,其特征在于,空隙(6)具有的尺寸使得其可以齐平地容置耗电器(9)。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的复合玻璃板(1),其特征在于,在耗电器(9)和中间层(4)之间不设置接合。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的复合玻璃板(1),其特征在于,空隙(6)具有支持装置(7),在所述支持装置中安置耗电器(9)。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的复合玻璃板(1),其中容置开口(8)被设计为狭缝形。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的复合玻璃板(1),其特征在于,耗电器(9)的连接元件从容置开口(8)向外延伸。
8.用于播放图像信息的系统,其特征在于,摄像机被设置用于拍摄车辆环境的图像,并且根据前述权利要求任一项的复合玻璃板(1)配备有用于显示所拍摄的图像的显示器(9)。
9.制造具有耗电器(9)的根据权利要求1至7任一项的复合玻璃板(1)的方法,其中
a) 提供热塑性中间层,
b) 在热塑性中间层(4)的边缘区域中切割出空隙(6),其中空隙(6)的形状与耗电器(9)的基础形状匹配,
c) 将热塑性中间层(4)面对面地放置到内玻璃板(5)或外玻璃板(3)上,
d) 将占位件(2)嵌入空隙(6)中,
e) 在热塑性中间层(4)上放置外玻璃板(3)或内玻璃板(5),
f) 将包括如下部件的层堆叠体层压成复合玻璃板(1),
- 内玻璃板(5),
- 具有占位件(2)的热塑性中间层(4),和
- 外玻璃板(3),
g) 并将耗电器(9)嵌入空隙(6)中。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,将占位件(2)从复合玻璃板(1)移除。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,占位件(2)至少部分地具有防粘涂层,特别是聚四氟乙烯。
12.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,占位件(2)被设计为支持装置(7),其在内玻璃板(5)和外玻璃板(3)之间包围空隙(6),并将耗电器(9)嵌入支持装置(7)中。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,支持装置(7)具有容置开口(8)。
14.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,支持装置(7)具有塑料-和/或金属构造。
15.根据权利要求1至7任一项的复合玻璃板(1)在机动车,优选轿车中,作为挡风玻璃或侧玻璃的用途。
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FR3095435B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-09-03 | Saint Gobain | Procede d’assemblage d’un vitrage feuillete et vitrage feuillete |
US11931989B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2024-03-19 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite pane with a cutout in the inner pane |
GB201912136D0 (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-09 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Method for making a laminated glazing |
KR20220019202A (ko) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-02-16 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 패널, 이를 포함하는 표시 장치, 및 표시 패널의 제조 방법 |
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KR102244771B1 (ko) | 2021-04-27 |
WO2018166759A1 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
MA47757A (fr) | 2020-01-22 |
RU2730322C1 (ru) | 2020-08-21 |
BR112019010703A2 (pt) | 2019-10-01 |
JP7021261B2 (ja) | 2022-02-16 |
CA3049164A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
EP3595893B1 (de) | 2024-01-17 |
JP2020511398A (ja) | 2020-04-16 |
KR20190117634A (ko) | 2019-10-16 |
EP3595893A1 (de) | 2020-01-22 |
US20210138766A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
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