CN108882245A - GEO and L EO cognitive satellite network and dynamic frequency allocation method thereof - Google Patents
GEO and L EO cognitive satellite network and dynamic frequency allocation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GEO and L EO cognitive satellite network and a dynamic frequency allocation method thereof, which can realize efficient spectrum sharing and give consideration to the performance of a primary user and a secondary user, wherein the GEO and L EO cognitive satellite network comprises at least 1 GEO satellite serving as the primary user and at least 1L EO satellite serving as the secondary user, the GEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and adopts seven-color frequency multiplexing, the L EO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and adopts frequency multiplexing, the frequency multiplexing factor is smaller than seven, downlinks of the GEO satellite and L EO satellite share the same frequency band to provide broadband fixed service for the user, the beam coverage area of the GEO satellite is more than 10 times of that of the beam coverage area of the L EO satellite, and an EO beam positioned in the GEO beam carries out L EO multi-beam space division frequency multiplexing by using any frequency except the GEO beam, and the frequency multiplexing factor is smaller than that of the GEO.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite networks, and particularly relates to a GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network and a dynamic frequency allocation method thereof.
Background
With the great increase of the exploration range of human space, more and more artificial satellites and aircrafts are arranged in space, so that the problem of the shortage of frequency resources is highlighted, and the traditional, static and single frequency distribution formula cannot meet the increasing service requirement. The dynamic spectrum sharing technology provides an idea for a satellite system to search available spectrum resources and also guarantees efficient, reliable and stable operation of the satellite system.
In 1999, "the father of software radio" Joseph Mitola put forward the concept of cognitive radio for the first time, the most typical application of the cognitive radio technology is spectrum sharing, and an effective solution is provided for alleviating the contradiction between the shortage of spectrum resources and the low actual utilization rate. Although the existing research is mainly focused on the ground system, as the convergence degree of the satellite network and the ground network and the resource sharing level are continuously improved, the spectrum sharing among the satellite systems is also deeply explored.
Cognitive satellite networks can be generally divided into hybrid satellite-ground cognitive networks and dual-satellite cognitive networks. The satellite-ground hybrid cognitive network refers to the sharing of frequency spectrum between a satellite and a ground system. The dual satellite cognitive network means that two satellite systems share one frequency to serve the same coverage area. Currently, a lot of researches are conducted on a Geostationary Orbit (GEO) satellite system. For a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite, because the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite moves at a high speed relative to the ground, the interference among satellite systems changes along with the space-time behavior of nodes, and particularly when a GEO satellite, a LEO satellite and a ground station are collinear, serious common-view interference can be generated, so that the transmission performance of the system is sharply reduced and even paralyzed.
To cope with the co-view interference existing between GEO and LEO satellite systems, the OneWeb satellite system introduces a new "progressive tilt" technique that avoids interference with the GEO system by gradually tilting the satellite as it approaches the equator. However, adjusting the attitude of the satellite consumes fuel, which causes a reduction in the on-orbit life of the satellite. Sharma S K proposes an Adaptive Power Control (APC) technique, which guarantees normal operation of a Primary User (PU) by adaptively controlling the transmission Power of a Secondary User (SU), thereby implementing spectrum sharing between GEO and LEO satellites. However, as a commonly used technique for spectrum sharing of a satellite system, when APC is adopted, performance of SU needs to be sacrificed to ensure normal operation of PU, which may cause a reduction in SU spectrum efficiency.
Therefore, the prior art has the problems that: when the frequency spectrum is shared in the GEO and LEO satellite networks, the performance of the secondary user is difficult to effectively ensure when the primary user normally works.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network, which can realize efficient spectrum sharing in the GEO and LEO satellite network, and effectively improve the performance of secondary users while protecting primary users.
The invention aims to provide a dynamic frequency allocation method for a GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network, which aims to realize high spectrum sharing of the satellite network and effectively improve the performance of secondary users while protecting primary users.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network is characterized in that:
the system comprises at least 1 GEO satellite as a primary user and at least 1 LEO satellite as a secondary user;
the GEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and adopts seven-color frequency multiplexing;
the LEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and frequency reuse, and the frequency reuse factor is less than seven;
the downlink of the GEO satellite and the downlink of the LEO satellite share the same frequency band, and broadband fixed services are provided for users;
the beam coverage area of the GEO satellite is more than 10 times of that of the LEO satellite, the LEO beams in the GEO beams use any frequency except the GEO beams to carry out space division frequency multiplexing of LEO multi-beams, and the frequency multiplexing factor of the LEO multi-beams is smaller than that of the GEO.
The technical solution for realizing another purpose of the invention is as follows:
a dynamic frequency allocation method of a cognitive satellite network comprises the following steps:
(10) constructing an interference analysis model: establishing an interference analysis model according to the relation between the signal quality and an antenna directional pattern function and the included angles between a plurality of transmitting and receiving ends in a signal link and an interference link;
(20) constructing a same-frequency beam isolation area: in the satellite movement process, through analysis of the geometric relation between the satellite and the user, the worst signal quality of GEO and LEO users under different beam distance conditions is obtained, the isolation distance is determined according to the signal quality requirement, and an isolation area is constructed;
(30) obtaining the beam distance: calculating the coordinates of the satellite in a geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system by the satellite ephemeris, obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the wave beam according to the pointing direction of the wave beam, and finally obtaining the distance between the two wave beams;
(40) dynamic allocation of frequency: in the operation process of the LEO satellite, when any beam of the LEO satellite is about to enter an isolation area of a same-frequency GEO beam, the dynamic frequency allocation algorithm is applied to realize the efficient sharing of the frequency spectrums of the two systems.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the utilization efficiency of the frequency is improved: the frequency is originally only allocated to the primary user for use, and the secondary user can use the frequency by adopting a frequency spectrum sharing technology based on frequency dynamic allocation, so that the capacity of the whole network is increased under the condition of the same frequency bandwidth.
2. The performance of the secondary user is guaranteed: compared with the common self-adaptive power control technology when the satellite system frequency spectrum is shared, the performance of the secondary user can be effectively improved while the primary user is protected.
3. The switching frequency of the wave beam frequency during the satellite movement is effectively reduced: the beams of the LEO satellite are clustered according to a seven-color multiplexed pattern, and during the operation of the LEO satellite, only the beam cluster in which the LEO beam causing the frequency collision is located is subjected to frequency reallocation, but not all LEO beams.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network structure based on frequency dynamic allocation.
Fig. 2 is a main flow chart of a dynamic frequency allocation method of the cognitive satellite network according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the location of the user with the worst GEO user signal quality during operation of the LEO satellite.
Figure 4 is the user location where the LEO user signal quality is the worst during LEO satellite operation.
Fig. 5 is a relationship between signal quality of GEO and LEO users and GEO and LEO beam distances.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an isolation region of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of grouping LEO beams in a seven color multiplexed pattern.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the comparison simulation result of the signal quality of the GEO user of the method of the present invention and the adaptive power control method.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the LEO user signal quality versus simulation results for the method of the present invention and the adaptive power control method.
Table 1 is the GEO and LEO satellite system parameters.
Table 2 is the ephemeris at the start of the GEO and LEO satellite simulation.
Table 3 shows the satellite cognitive network simulation parameters.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network of the present invention includes at least 1 GEO satellite as a primary user and at least 1 LEO satellite as a secondary user;
the GEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and adopts seven-color frequency multiplexing;
the LEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and frequency reuse, and the frequency reuse factor is less than seven;
the downlink of the GEO satellite and the downlink of the LEO satellite share the same frequency band, and broadband fixed services are provided for users;
the beam coverage area of the GEO satellite is more than 10 times of that of the LEO satellite, the LEO beams in the GEO beams use any frequency except the GEO beams to carry out space division frequency multiplexing of LEO multi-beams, and the frequency multiplexing factor of the LEO multi-beams is smaller than that of the GEO.
And the gateway stations of the GEO satellite and the LEO satellite are interconnected through a ground network, and exchange satellite ephemeris, a frequency configuration scheme and antenna directional diagram information in real time.
And clustering the LEO beams according to a seven-color multiplexing pattern, predicting the time when the LEO beams approach to GEO same-frequency beams according to the shared information of the gateway station in the operation process of the LEO satellite, and reallocating the frequency of the whole cluster where the LEO beams causing frequency conflict are located in advance.
The frequency belongs to the Ku frequency band or the Ka frequency band.
Both satellite systems use multi-beam payloads to improve the utilization of spectrum resources with spatial multiplexing of frequency. The GEO satellite has a frequency reuse factor of 7, which varies from one GEO beam to another in fig. 1. The gateway stations of the two satellite systems are connected by high-speed lossless optical fibers, and the satellite ephemeris, the frequency configuration scheme and the antenna direction diagram are shared in real time.
The beam coverage area of the GEO satellite is 10 times or more of that of the LEO satellite, and the LEO beams located in the GEO beam are subjected to space division frequency multiplexing of LEO multi-beams using any frequency other than the GEO beam, and the frequency multiplexing factor thereof is smaller than that of GEO. In the movement process of the LEO satellite, when the same-frequency beams of the GEO satellite and the LEO satellite are close to each other or are overlapped, the time and place where interference occurs are predicted by exchanging information through the interconnected gateway stations, and when the interference is about to exceed a threshold, the frequency of the beams is adjusted to avoid the interference.
As shown in fig. 2, the dynamic frequency allocation method of the cognitive satellite network of the present invention includes the following steps:
(10) constructing an interference analysis model: establishing an interference analysis model according to the relation between the signal quality and an antenna directional pattern function and the included angles between a plurality of transmitting and receiving ends in a signal link and an interference link;
the (10) constructing interference analysis model step comprises:
(11) signal quality: the Signal quality is calculated by using the Ratio of Signal to interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) as an index of the Signal quality,
wherein P represents the transmission power, GTDenotes the gain, G, of the transmitting antennaRDenotes the gain of the receiving antenna, L denotes the free space propagation loss, TnRepresenting the equivalent noise temperature of the receiver, B the transponder bandwidth, and k the boltzmann constant. D in subscript denotes in signal linkI denotes a variable in the interfering link.
(12) Free space propagation loss: the free-space propagation loss is calculated as follows,
where f is the frequency, d is the distance between the transmit and receive ends, and c is the speed of light.
(13) Antenna gain: the antenna gain is calculated as follows,
wherein, J1Is a first order Bessel function, theta represents the angle between the link direction and the main lobe axis of the antenna, G0Represents the maximum antenna gain when θ is 0,
wherein D is the antenna aperture and η is the antenna efficiency.
(20) Constructing a same-frequency beam isolation area: in the satellite movement process, through analysis of the geometric relation between the satellite and the user, the worst signal quality of GEO and LEO users under different beam distance conditions is obtained, the isolation distance is determined according to the signal quality requirement, and an isolation area is constructed;
the step of (20) constructing an intra-frequency beam isolation region comprises:
(21) and calculating the included angle and the distance under the worst GEO user signal quality condition according to the following formulas:
when l > r (0.5 theta)L，3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL，3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT，D＝0.5θL，3dB
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT，D/r)+θT，D)/sinθT，D
θT，I＝arcsin(rsin(l/r-π+θT，D+arcsin((r+hG)sinθT，D/r))/dI)
θR，I＝l/r+θT，I-θT，D
θR，D＝0
when l is less than or equal to r (0.5 theta)L，3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL，3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT，D＝arcsin((r+hG)sinθT，I/(r+hL))
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT，D/r)+θT，D)/sinθT，D
θR，D＝θR，I＝0
(22) and calculating the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the LEO user according to the following formulas:
when l > r (0.5 theta)L，3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL，3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT，D＝0.5θL，3dB
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT，D/r)+θT，D)/sinθT，D
θT，I＝arcsin(rsin(l/r-π+θT，D+arcsin((r+hG)sinθT，D/r))/dI)
θR，I＝l/r+θT，I-θT，D
θR，D＝0
when l is less than or equal to r (0.5 theta)L，3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL，3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT，D＝arcsin((r+hG)sinθT，I/(r+hL))
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT，D/r)+θT，D)/sinθT，D
θR，D＝θR，I＝0
in the formula, hGAnd hLRespectively, the orbital altitudes of the GEO and LEO satellites, r the radius of the earth, and thetaG，3dBRepresenting the 3dB beamwidth, theta, of the GEO satelliteL，3dBRepresenting the 3dB beamwidth of the LEO satellite and l representing the distance between the beam centers of GEO and LEO. Theta is an included angle between the link direction and the main lobe axis of the antenna, D is a distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, T and R in the subscript respectively represent variables related to the transmitting end and the receiving end, and D and I respectively represent variables in the signal link and the interference link.
(23) Substituting the interference analysis model into the minimum user SINR and the relation between the GEO and LEO beam distances according to the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the GEO user and the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the LEO user, determining the minimum GEO and LEO beam distance meeting the threshold as an isolation distance according to the required minimum user SINR threshold, and taking the center point of the GEO beam as the center of a circle and a circle with the isolation distance as the radius as an isolation area.
Fig. 3 and 4 are the locations of the users with the worst signal quality for GEO and LEO users, respectively. Wherein the solid lines represent signal links and the dashed lines represent interfering links. In fig. 3, when the LEO satellite is far from the GEO satellite, if the GEO user is located at the edge of the GEO beam, the signal link is weakest and the interference link is strongest, then the quality of the signal received by the user is worst; after the LEO satellite enters the GEO beam, considering that the strength of a signal link is almost unchanged in the beam range, if a GEO user is located on an extension line connected between the GEO and the LEO satellite, the interference link is strongest at this time, and therefore the quality of a signal received by the user is the worst.
The GEO and LEO satellite system parameters and orbit parameters are respectively shown in tables 1 and 2, a plurality of included angles and distances of GEO and LEO transceiving ends are obtained through calculation, and the relationship between the SINR of GEO and LEO users and the GEO and LEO beam distances is obtained through calculation simulation and is shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The present invention provides a method for beam isolation region, which defines the minimum inter-beam distance capable of realizing coexistence of dual systems as the isolation distance, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of isolation region. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the distance between the GEO beam and the LEO beam is less than 400km, the LEO beam and the GEO beam overlap at this time, the co-channel interference is very serious, and the users of both systems cannot work normally. As the distance increases, the SINR increases rapidly until saturation. Therefore, in the operation process of the LEO satellite, as long as the beam does not enter the isolation area of the same-frequency GEO beam, the spectrum sharing between the two systems can be realized.
(30) Obtaining the beam distance: calculating the coordinates of the satellite in a geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system by the satellite ephemeris, obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the wave beam according to the pointing direction of the wave beam, and finally obtaining the distance between the two wave beams;
for ease of reading, the satellite ephemeris and parameter definitions are concentrated as follows:
the (30) beam distance acquiring step includes:
(31) the coordinates of the satellite in the geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system are calculated by the satellite ephemeris,
wherein,
xk＝rkcosukthe x-coordinate in the plane of the track,
yk＝rksinukthe x, y-coordinate in the plane of the track,
rk＝a(1-ecosEk) The radial direction of the satellite is taken as the radial direction of the satellite,
uk＝fk+ ω, is the ascending pitch angle,
in order to be a true proximal angle,
e is the eccentricity of the steel plate, and e is the eccentricity,
Ek＝Mk+esinEkthe angle is a deviation from a point angle,
Mk＝M0+n0tkthe angle is a flat angle close to a point,
omega is the argument of the near place,
Ωk＝Ω0-Ωe(tk-tp) To correct the rising point right ascension,
tk＝t-tpthe epoch time of a track is separated from the over-the-horizon time,
t is the epoch time of the track,
tpin order to be a time of the past location,
is the average angular velocity.
(32) The ECEF velocity vector of the satellite is calculated as follows,
wherein,
is the rate of change of x in the plane of the track,
is the rate of change of y in the plane of the track,
is the rate of change of the radial dimension of the satellite,
is the rate of change of the rise-angle,is the rate of change of the angle of approach point.
(33) The pointing vector of the beam is calculated as follows,
wherein,
(34) the position coordinates of the beam center point are calculated as follows,
(35) the curved surface distance between the beam center points is calculated as follows,
in the formula, Ri，GAnd Ri，LRepresenting the position coordinates of the center points of the GEO and LEO beams, respectively.
(40) Dynamic allocation of frequency: in the operation process of the LEO satellite, when any beam of the LEO satellite is about to enter an isolation area of a same-frequency GEO beam, the dynamic frequency allocation algorithm is applied to realize the efficient sharing of the frequency spectrums of the two systems.
Let xijE {0, 1} indicates whether the frequency of beam i is j, dijRepresenting the distance between beam i and the nearest GEO beam center point of frequency j. To minimize interference, with the optimization goal of maximizing the total distance between all LEO beams and the co-frequency GEO beam, the frequency allocation scheme can be transformed into the following optimization problem.
The (40) frequency dynamic allocation step specifically comprises:
dividing all LEO beams into a plurality of clusters according to a seven-color multiplexing pattern, and respectively carrying out frequency allocation on the beams in each cluster, wherein the formula of the frequency allocation is
Where N is the number of LEO beams, K is the frequency reuse factor of the GEO satellite, dthFor separation distance, xij1 denotes the frequency assigned to beam i as j, xijIs 0 representsThe frequency allocated to the beam i is not j, dijAnd (3) representing the distance between the beam i and the nearest GEO beam center point with the frequency of j, and calculating a frequency allocation formula by adopting an enumeration method.
At each time when the LEO satellite operates, the judgment is carried out according to the distance between the LEO wave beam and the GEO wave beam, if the wave beam of the LEO satellite cannot enter the isolation area of the GEO wave beam with the same frequency, the requirement is metFor, the frequency allocation scheme remains unchanged; if a certain beam of the LEO satellite is about to enter the isolation area of the same-frequency GEO beam, the requirement is metAnd determining a cluster to which the beam belongs, and performing frequency reallocation on all beams of the cluster, wherein the allocation method still adopts an enumeration method for resolving.
As shown in fig. 7, all LEO beams are divided into a plurality of clusters according to a seven-color multiplexed pattern, and optimal allocation of frequencies is performed within each cluster, thereby greatly reducing the amount of calculation. In addition, in the operation process of the LEO satellite, when a certain LEO wave beam is about to enter an isolation area of a same-frequency GEO wave beam, only the cluster where the wave beam is located is subjected to frequency reallocation, and the switching frequency of the wave beam frequency is effectively reduced.
TABLE 3
From the above conditions, the performance analysis when selecting the simulation parameters shown in table 3 is as follows:
in the simulation period, the cluster level frequency is allocated 9 times, and the beam level frequency is allocated 50 times, which is much less than the frequency of allocation every second. Fig. 8 and 9 are diagrams comparing a dynamic frequency allocation algorithm with a conventional adaptive power control method, respectively. Wherein, the light gray curve represents an original signal without interference, and the GEO user keeps the signal quality unchanged because the satellite position is unchanged from beginning to end; and the signal quality of LEO users appears to vary periodically as the multiple beams pass in turn. When two systems share a spectrum, a common view interference occurs, and if an adaptive power control method is adopted, the SINR of the LEO user is greatly reduced due to a protection mechanism for the GEO user, as shown by a dark gray curve. The signal quality of GEO users in the black curve is almost the same as that of the original signals, and the SINR of LEO users is always higher than the threshold, which shows that the performance of the spectrum sharing method based on dynamic frequency allocation provided by the invention is superior to that of the common adaptive power control method.
The novel GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network based on frequency dynamic allocation can realize efficient spectrum sharing in the GEO and LEO satellite network, and effectively improve the performance of secondary users while protecting primary users.
Claims (9)
1. A GEO and LEO cognitive satellite network is characterized in that:
the system comprises at least 1 GEO satellite as a primary user and at least 1 LEO satellite as a secondary user;
the GEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and adopts seven-color frequency multiplexing;
the LEO satellite adopts a multi-beam antenna and frequency reuse, and the frequency reuse factor is less than seven;
the downlink of the GEO satellite and the downlink of the LEO satellite share the same frequency band, and broadband fixed services are provided for users;
the beam coverage area of the GEO satellite is more than 10 times of that of the LEO satellite, the LEO beams in the GEO beams use any frequency except the GEO beams to carry out space division frequency multiplexing of LEO multi-beams, and the frequency multiplexing factor of the LEO multi-beams is smaller than that of the GEO.
2. The cognitive satellite network of claim 1, wherein: and the gateway stations of the GEO satellite and the LEO satellite are interconnected through a ground network, and exchange satellite ephemeris, a frequency configuration scheme and antenna directional diagram information in real time.
3. The cognitive satellite network of claim 1, wherein: and clustering the LEO beams according to a seven-color multiplexing pattern, predicting the time when the LEO beams approach to GEO same-frequency beams according to the shared information of the gateway station in the operation process of the LEO satellite, and reallocating the frequency of the whole cluster where the LEO beams causing frequency conflict are located in advance.
4. The cognitive satellite network of claim 1, wherein: the frequency belongs to the Ku frequency band or the Ka frequency band.
5. The dynamic frequency allocation method for cognitive satellite networks according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(10) constructing an interference analysis model: establishing an interference analysis model according to the relation between the signal quality and an antenna directional pattern function and the included angles between a plurality of transmitting and receiving ends in a signal link and an interference link;
(20) constructing a same-frequency beam isolation area: in the satellite movement process, through analysis of the geometric relation between the satellite and the user, the worst signal quality of GEO and LEO users under different beam distance conditions is obtained, the isolation distance is determined according to the signal quality requirement, and an isolation area is constructed;
(30) obtaining the beam distance: calculating the coordinates of the satellite in a geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system by the satellite ephemeris, obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the wave beam according to the pointing direction of the wave beam, and finally obtaining the distance between the two wave beams;
(40) dynamic allocation of frequency: in the operation process of the LEO satellite, when any beam of the LEO satellite is about to enter an isolation area of a same-frequency GEO beam, a dynamic frequency allocation algorithm is applied to realize efficient spectrum sharing of the two systems.
6. The frequency allocation method of claim 5, wherein said step (10) of constructing an interference analysis model comprises:
(11) signal quality: the ratio of the signal power to the interference plus noise power is used as an index of the signal quality, the signal quality is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein P represents the transmission power, GTDenotes the gain, G, of the transmitting antennaRDenotes the gain of the receiving antenna, L denotes the free space propagation loss, TnRepresenting the equivalent noise temperature of the receiver, B the transponder bandwidth, and k the boltzmann constant. D in the subscript denotes the variable in the signal link and I denotes the variable in the interfering link.
(12) Free space propagation loss: the free-space propagation loss is calculated as follows,
where f is the frequency, d is the distance between the transmit and receive ends, and c is the speed of light.
(13) Antenna gain: the antenna gain is calculated as follows,
wherein, J1Is a first order Bessel function, and theta represents the link sideTo the angle between the main lobe axis of the antenna, G0Represents the maximum antenna gain when θ is 0,
wherein D is the antenna aperture and η is the antenna efficiency.
7. The frequency allocation method according to claim 6, wherein said step (20) of constructing an intra-frequency beam isolation region comprises:
(21) and calculating the included angle and the distance under the worst GEO user signal quality condition according to the following formulas:
when l > r (0.5 theta)L,3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL,3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT,D＝0.5θL,3dB
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT,D/r)+θT,D)/sinθT,D
θT,I＝arcsin(rsin(l/r-π+θT,D+arcsin((r+hG)sinθT,D/r))/dI)
θR,I＝l/r+θT,I-θT,D
θR,D＝0
when l is less than or equal to r (0.5 theta)L,3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL,3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT,D＝arcsin((r+hG)sinθT,I/(r+hL))
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT,D/r)+θT,D)/sinθT,D
θR,D＝θR,I＝0
(22) and calculating the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the LEO user according to the following formulas:
when l > r (0.5 theta)L,3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL,3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT,D＝0.5θL,3dB
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT,D/r)+θT,D)/sinθT,D
θT,I＝arcsin(rsin(l/r-π+θT,D+arcsin((r+hG)sinθT,D/r))/dI)θR,I＝l/r+θT,I-θT,D
θR,D＝0
when l is less than or equal to r (0.5 theta)L,3dB-arcsin((r+hL)sin(0.5θL,3dB)/(r+hG) In a container) is stored in the container,
θT,D＝arcsin((r+hG)sinθT,I/(r+hL))
dD＝rsin(arcsin((r+hL)sinθT,D/r)+θT,D)/sinθT,D
θR,D＝θR,I＝0
in the formula, hGAnd hLRespectively, the orbital altitudes of the GEO and LEO satellites, r the radius of the earth, and thetaG,3dBRepresents the 3dB beamwidth, theta, of the GEO satelliteL,3dBRepresenting the 3dB beamwidth of the LEO satellite and l representing the distance between the beam centers of GEO and LEO. Theta is an included angle between the link direction and the main lobe axis of the antenna, D is a distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, T and R in subscripts respectively represent variables related to the transmitting end and the receiving end, and D and I respectively represent variables in the signal link and the interference link.
(23) Substituting the interference analysis model into the minimum user SINR and the relation between the GEO and LEO beam distances according to the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the GEO user and the included angle and the distance under the worst signal quality condition of the LEO user, determining the minimum GEO and LEO beam distance meeting the threshold as an isolation distance according to the required minimum user SINR threshold, and taking the center point of the GEO beam as the center of a circle and a circle with the isolation distance as the radius as an isolation area.
8. The frequency allocation method according to claim 7, wherein said (30) beam distance acquiring step comprises:
(31) the coordinates of the satellite in the geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system are calculated by the satellite ephemeris,
wherein,
xk＝rkcosukthe x-coordinate in the plane of the track,
yk＝rksinukthe x, y-coordinate in the plane of the track,
rk＝a(1-ecosEk) The radial direction of the satellite is taken as the radial direction of the satellite,
uk＝fk+ ω, is the ascending pitch angle,
in order to be a true proximal angle,
e is the eccentricity of the steel plate, and e is the eccentricity,
Ek＝Mk+esinEkthe angle is a deviation from a point angle,
Mk＝M0+n0tkthe angle is a flat angle close to a point,
omega is the argument of the near place,
Ωk＝Ω0-Ωe(tk-tp) To correct the rising point right ascension,
tk＝t-tpthe epoch time of a track is separated from the over-the-horizon time,
t is the epoch time of the track,
tpin order to be a time of the past location,
is the average angular velocity.
(32) The ECEF velocity vector of the satellite is calculated as follows,
wherein,
is the rate of change of x in the plane of the track,
is the rate of change of y in the plane of the track,
is the rate of change of the radial dimension of the satellite,
is the rate of change of the rise-angle,
is the rate of change of the angle of approach point.
(33) The pointing vector of the beam is calculated as follows,
wherein,
(34) the position coordinates of the beam center point are calculated as follows,
(35) the curved surface distance between the beam center points is calculated as follows,
in the formula, Ri,GAnd Ri,LRepresenting the position coordinates of the center points of the GEO and LEO beams, respectively.
9. The method for allocating frequencies according to claim 8, wherein the step of dynamically allocating frequencies (40) is specifically:
dividing all LEO beams into a plurality of clusters according to a seven-color multiplexing pattern, and respectively carrying out frequency allocation on the beams in each cluster, wherein the formula of the frequency allocation is
Where N is the number of LEO beams, K is the frequency reuse factor of the GEO satellite, dthFor separation distance, xij1 denotes the frequency assigned to beam i as j, xij0 indicates that the frequency allocated by the beam i is not j, dijAnd (3) representing the distance between the beam i and the nearest GEO beam center point with the frequency of j, and calculating a frequency allocation formula by adopting an enumeration method.
At each time when the LEO satellite operates, the judgment is carried out according to the distance between the LEO wave beam and the GEO wave beam, if the wave beam of the LEO satellite cannot enter the isolation area of the GEO wave beam with the same frequency, the requirement is metThe frequency allocation scheme remains unchanged; if a certain beam of the LEO satellite is about to enter the isolation area of the same-frequency GEO beam, the requirement is metAnd determining a cluster to which the beam belongs, and performing frequency reallocation on all beams of the cluster, wherein the allocation method still adopts an enumeration method for resolving.
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