CN108879998B - High efficiency wireless charging device of electric automobile - Google Patents
High efficiency wireless charging device of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN108879998B CN108879998B CN201810888668.2A CN201810888668A CN108879998B CN 108879998 B CN108879998 B CN 108879998B CN 201810888668 A CN201810888668 A CN 201810888668A CN 108879998 B CN108879998 B CN 108879998B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency wireless charging device for an electric automobile, which belongs to the technical field of electronic technology and is structurally provided with an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit (1), a high-frequency inverter circuit (2), a capacitance compensation circuit (3), a single chip microcomputer (4), an amplitude detection circuit (5) and an analog-digital conversion circuit (6). The invention has the advantages of wide load application range, high transmission efficiency, flexible use, high system stability and reliability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic technology. In particular to a high-efficiency wireless charging device for an electric automobile.
Background
With the potential depletion hazard and pollution problem of the traditional petroleum energy in the future, new energy automobiles have the tendency of gradually replacing traditional fuel oil and gas automobiles. Among new energy vehicles, electric vehicles have the advantages of small environmental impact, low noise, portability and the like, and have a wide prospect. However, the development and popularization of electric vehicles are greatly limited by the lagging of the current charging technology. The electric automobile charging mode of present mainstream is mostly wired electric pile that fills, and wired use occasion that charges is fixed, has very big inconvenience. In order to further expand the use occasions, wireless charging is inevitably a development trend of electric automobile charging.
In the wireless charging technology, the magnetic coupling resonance mode has been widely focused on due to its advantages of high transmission efficiency, high power, convenient structure, and the like. The principle is that 220V/50Hz commercial power is rectified into about 200V regulated direct current, then a high-frequency inverter circuit is used for inverting the direct current into 50kHz high-frequency alternating current, a transmitting coil is matched with a proper capacitor for frequency-selective resonance, electric energy is converted into magnetic energy, then the receiving coil receives the energy in a magnetic coupling resonance mode, and finally the subsequent rectifying and filtering circuit of the receiving coil converts the energy received by the coil into constant voltage or constant current to charge a storage battery at a receiving end. In order to ensure transmission efficiency and power, the above system requires that the primary loop in which the transmitting coil is located must be resonant and the secondary loop in which the receiving coil is located must be resonant. It is known that when the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are coupled, the secondary loop has an influence on the primary loop, and the influence can be equivalent to a reflecting impedance connected in series in the primary loop, wherein the reflecting impedance includes a reflecting resistance and a reflecting reactance, and the reflecting reactance (inductive or capacitive) has a serious influence on the resonance degree of the primary loop, so that the influence of parameters of the receiving system must be considered when designing the transmitting system.
The existing magnetic coupling resonance wireless transmission system is generally designed for a fixed receiving loop, once the parameters of the receiving loop change, the equivalent reflected impedance of the receiving loop also changes in a transmitting loop, the original resonance state of the transmitting loop is destroyed, and the phenomenon of detuning occurs, so that the important parameters of the transmitting loop, such as current, power, efficiency and the like, rapidly deteriorate. In fact, different electric vehicle manufacturers and different vehicle models inevitably cause different receiving loop parameters of different vehicles, so that the existing wireless charging system is difficult to meet the requirement that one charging system is compatible with vehicles of various models.
In summary, in order to widen the application range of different automobiles, improve the flexibility of the system, and ensure the efficiency of the system, the existing wireless charging system needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-efficiency wireless charging device for an electric automobile aiming at the defects in the prior art. The device can automatically adjust the parameters of the transmitting loop according to the difference of the receiving loop so as to achieve the purposes of automatic resonance and charging efficiency improvement.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency wireless charging device for an electric automobile is structurally provided with an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1, a high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and a single chip microcomputer 4, and is characterized in that the high-efficiency wireless charging device is structurally provided with a capacitance compensation circuit 3, an amplitude detection circuit 5 and an analog-digital conversion circuit 6; the input end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1 is connected with a mains supply, the output end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1 is connected with the power supply input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, the sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 is connected with the input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, the output end of the amplitude detection circuit 5 is connected with the input end of the analog-digital conversion circuit 6, the output end of the analog-digital conversion circuit 6 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the single chip microcomputer 4 is also connected with the control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and the input end of the capacitance compensation circuit 3 respectively, and the output end of the capacitance compensation;
the capacitance compensation circuit 3 is structurally characterized in that the output ends of a first relay drive circuit, a second relay drive circuit, a third relay drive circuit, a fourth relay drive circuit, a fifth relay drive circuit, a sixth relay drive circuit, a seventh relay drive circuit and an eighth relay drive circuit are respectively connected with eight input ends of a capacitance compensation network, the input ends of the first relay drive circuit, the second relay drive circuit, the third relay drive circuit, the fourth relay drive circuit, the fifth relay drive circuit, the sixth relay drive circuit, the seventh relay drive circuit and the eighth relay drive circuit are respectively connected with eight different I/O ports of the single chip microcomputer 4, and the output end of the capacitance compensation circuit 3 is connected with the input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2;
all the relay driving circuits have the same structure, and the specific structure is that one end of a resistor R32 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected with the anode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler U4 is used as the input end of the relay driving circuit, is recorded as a port MCU-in and is connected with the singlechip 4; an emitter of a phototriode in the optocoupler U4 is grounded, a collector is connected with one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with a +12V power supply, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with a base electrode of a triode Q17, an emitter of a triode Q17 is connected with the +12V power supply, a collector is connected with a cathode of a diode D9 and serves as an output end of a relay drive circuit and is marked as a port Rout, and an anode of the diode D9 is grounded;
the capacitance compensation network is structurally characterized in that one end of each coil of the relays K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8 is grounded, the other end of each coil is used as eight input ends of the capacitance compensation network, the other end of each coil is sequentially used as an input end of the capacitance compensation network and is sequentially marked as a port Rin1, Rin2, Rin3, Rin4, Rin5, Rin6, Rin7 and Rin8, the ports are connected with the output end of a relay driving circuit, one ends of the capacitors C5, C6 are connected with a stationary contact of the relay K6, the other ends of the capacitors C6, C6 and C6 are sequentially connected with movable contacts of the relays K6, K6 and K6, one end of each capacitor C6 is connected with a stationary contact of the relays K6, one end of the other end of the capacitor C6, one end of the capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6, the inverter circuit is connected with an output end of the inverter circuit, the high-C6, the other end of the capacitor C6, the inverter circuit is connected with, The fixed contact of the relay K5 is connected with the movable contact of the relay K6, the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected with one end of the capacitor C11, the fixed contact of the relay K6 and the movable contact of the relay K7, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected with one end of the capacitor C12, the fixed contact of the relay K7 and the movable contact of the relay K8, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected with the fixed contact of the relay K8 and serves as the other output end of the capacitance compensation network, namely a port Cadj-out2, and the other output end of the capacitance compensation network is connected with a port Rs-out1 of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2;
the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 is structurally characterized in that the anode of a diode D1 is connected with a +12V power supply, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the emitter of a triode Q1 and one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with the base of a triode Q1 and the collector of a triode Q2, the base of a triode Q2 is connected with one end of a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the emitter of a triode Q2 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 serves as a first control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port MCU-in1 and is connected with a single chip microcomputer 4, the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a diode D2, the base of a triode Q3 and one end of a resistor R4, the other end of a resistor R4 is connected with the other, The drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q8, one end of an inductor L and the source electrode of a field effect transistor Q4 are connected, the emitter electrode of a triode Q3 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a voltage stabilizing diode D3 and the grid electrode of a field effect transistor Q4, the drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q4 is connected with the drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q9 and serves as the power supply input end of a high-frequency inverter circuit 2, which is marked as a port Vs-in and is connected with the direct current voltage output end of an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1, the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R8 and the collector electrode of a triode Q7, the other end of a resistor R8 is connected with the collector electrode of a triode Q5, the emitter electrode of a triode Q5 is connected with one end of a resistor R5 and a +12V direct current power supply, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 and the, an emitter of the triode Q6 is connected with one end of a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, is taken as a second control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port MCU-in2 to be connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with a base of a triode Q7, an emitter of a triode Q7 is connected with a source electrode of a field effect transistor Q8 and is grounded, the other end of an inductor L is connected with one end of a capacitor Cs to be taken as a compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port Cadj-in1 to be connected with a port Cadj-out1 of the capacitance compensation circuit 3, the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected with one end of a sampling resistor Rs to be taken as another compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is also taken as a sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port Rs, the other end of the sampling resistor Rs is connected with the drain of a field effect transistor Q13, the source of a field effect transistor Q9, the anode of a zener diode D4, the collector of a transistor Q10, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a capacitor C2, and is used as the other sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, which is marked as a port Rs-out2, and is connected with the port Rs-in2 of the amplitude detection circuit 5, the grid of the field effect transistor Q9 is connected with the cathode of the zener diode D4, the emitter of a transistor Q10 and the cathode of a diode D5, the base of the transistor Q10 is connected with the other end of a resistor R10, the anode of a diode D5 and the collector of a transistor Q11, the emitter of the transistor Q11 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C2, one end of a resistor R11 and the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of a diode D6 is connected with a +12V DC power supply, the base of a transistor Q36 11 is connected with the base of a resistor R3687458 and, the base electrode of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the emitting electrode of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 serves as a third control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, is recorded as a port MCU-in3 and is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4; the source of a field effect transistor Q13 is connected with the emitter of a triode Q14 and is grounded, the gate of the field effect transistor Q13 is connected with one end of a resistor R14 and the collector of a triode Q14, the base of the triode Q14 is connected with one end of a resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected with one end of a resistor R17, the resistor R15 serves as a fourth control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port MCU-in4 and is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with the collector of a triode Q15, the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with one end of the resistor R16 and a +12V direct-current power supply, the base of the triode Q15 is connected with the other end of the resistor R16 and the collector of the triode Q16, the emitter of the triode Q16 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17, the base of the triode Q16 is;
the structure of the amplitude detection circuit 5 is that one end of a resistor R19 is used as one input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, is recorded as a port Rs-in1, and is connected with a port Rs-out1 of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2; the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R22 and is grounded, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected with one end of the resistor R21 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R21 serves as the other input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5 and is recorded as a port Rs-in2 and is connected with a port Rs-out2 of the high-frequency inverter circuit; the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R24, one end of a resistor R26 and one end of a resistor R27, and the other end of a resistor R26 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R28; the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of the resistor R25 and is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R25, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, and the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply; the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with one end of the resistor R29, one end of the resistor R30 is connected with the anode of the diode D7, the other end of the resistor R29 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R31 and the cathode of the diode D8, and the output end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, which is marked as a port Amp-out, is connected with the; the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the resistor R31 are grounded, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7 and the output end of the operational amplifier U3.
In the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, the inductance L preferably takes 285uH and the withstand voltage 400V, and the capacitance Cs preferably takes 30nF and the withstand voltage 400V. The value of the sampling resistor Rs is preferably 0.1 ohm.
In the capacitance compensation network, the values of the capacitors are preferably as follows, the capacitors C4-C6: 1nF, capacitance C7: 2nF, capacitance C8: 5nF, capacitance C9: 250pF, capacitance C10: 680pF, capacitance C11: 1.5nF, capacitance C12: 4 nF.
The ac-dc conversion circuit 1 is a circuit capable of converting 220V commercial power into dc voltage and outputting the dc voltage, and preferably outputs the dc voltage of 200V.
The analog-to-digital conversion circuit 6 is a circuit that can convert an analog signal into a digital signal, which is a conventional technique.
The high-efficiency wireless charging device for the electric automobile has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention judges the resonance degree of the system to the load through amplitude detection, and further selects the optimal compensating reactance, so that the system can keep the optimal resonance state when charging different loads, thereby greatly improving the working efficiency of the system and the application range of the system to the load.
2. The invention adopts special driving design for the power tube in the high-frequency inverter circuit, reduces energy loss in the conversion process and can improve the power and efficiency of the whole system.
3. In the capacitance compensation circuit, the capacitance compensation network is skillfully designed, and a small number of components are used for realizing the selection of various different capacitance values.
4. The amplitude detection circuit designed by the invention has very high input impedance, small influence on the main loop and high detection precision.
5. In the relay driving circuit, the optical coupling is adopted to isolate the singlechip from the main loop, so that the signal electricity and the power electricity of the system are not influenced mutually, and the stability and the reliability of the system are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the capacitance compensation circuit 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the amplitude detection circuit 5.
Fig. 5 is a circuit schematic of a capacitance compensation network.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a relay.
Detailed Description
The operation principle of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the component parameters indicated in the drawings are preferred parameters of the embodiments, but are not limiting to the implementation of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Overall Structure of the invention
The overall structure of the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1, a high-frequency inverter circuit 2, a capacitance compensation circuit 3, a singlechip 4, an amplitude detection circuit 5 and an analog-digital conversion circuit 6; the input end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1 is connected with a mains supply, the output end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1 is connected with the power input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, the sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 is connected with the input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, the output end of the amplitude detection circuit 5 is connected with the input end of the analog-digital conversion circuit 6, the output end of the analog-digital conversion circuit 6 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the single chip microcomputer 4 is further connected with the control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and the input end of the capacitance compensation circuit 3 respectively, and the output end of the capacitance compensation circuit.
In the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the +12V power supply, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the emitter of the transistor Q1 and one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1 and the collector of the transistor Q2, the base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the +5V dc power supply, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is used as the first control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, which is marked as the port MCU-in1 and is connected to the single chip microcomputer 4, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, the base of the transistor Q3 and one end of the resistor R4, the other end of, The drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q8, one end of an inductor L and the source electrode of a field effect transistor Q4 are connected, the emitter electrode of a triode Q3 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a voltage stabilizing diode D3 and the grid electrode of a field effect transistor Q4, the drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q4 is connected with the drain electrode of a field effect transistor Q9 and serves as the power supply input end of a high-frequency inverter circuit 2, which is marked as a port Vs-in and is connected with the direct current voltage output end of an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1, the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R8 and the collector electrode of a triode Q7, the other end of a resistor R8 is connected with the collector electrode of a triode Q5, the emitter electrode of a triode Q5 is connected with one end of a resistor R5 and a +12V direct current power supply, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 and the, an emitter of the triode Q6 is connected with one end of a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, is taken as a second control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port MCU-in2 to be connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with a base of a triode Q7, an emitter of a triode Q7 is connected with a source electrode of a field effect transistor Q8 and is grounded, the other end of an inductor L is connected with one end of a capacitor Cs to be taken as a compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port Cadj-in1 to be connected with a port Cadj-out1 of the capacitance compensation circuit 3, the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected with one end of a sampling resistor Rs to be taken as another compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is also taken as a sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port Rs, the other end of the sampling resistor Rs is connected with the drain of a field effect transistor Q13, the source of a field effect transistor Q9, the anode of a zener diode D4, the collector of a transistor Q10, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a capacitor C2, and is used as the other sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, which is marked as a port Rs-out2, and is connected with the port Rs-in2 of the amplitude detection circuit 5, the grid of the field effect transistor Q9 is connected with the cathode of the zener diode D4, the emitter of a transistor Q10 and the cathode of a diode D5, the base of the transistor Q10 is connected with the other end of a resistor R10, the anode of a diode D5 and the collector of a transistor Q11, the emitter of the transistor Q11 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C2, one end of a resistor R11 and the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of a diode D6 is connected with a +12V DC power supply, the base of a transistor Q36 11 is connected with the base of a resistor R3687458 and, the base electrode of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the emitting electrode of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 serves as a third control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, is recorded as a port MCU-in3 and is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4; the source of a field effect transistor Q13 is connected with the emitter of a triode Q14 and is grounded, the gate of the field effect transistor Q13 is connected with one end of a resistor R14 and the collector of the triode Q14, the base of the triode Q14 is connected with one end of a resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected with one end of a resistor R17 and serves as a fourth control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 and is marked as a port MCU-in4 to be connected with the single chip microcomputer 4, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with the collector of the triode Q15, the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with one end of the resistor R16 and a +12V direct-current power supply, the base of the triode Q15 is connected with the other end of the resistor R16 and the collector of the triode Q16, the emitter of the triode Q16 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17, the base of the triode Q16 is connected with one end of.
In the structure, 4 field effect transistors Q4, Q8, Q9 and Q13 form an inverter bridge for inverting a direct current signal output by the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit 1 into a high-frequency alternating current signal and providing energy for a transmitting coil (namely an inductor L in the figure), and a grid electrode of each field effect transistor also adopts a specially designed driving circuit, so that energy attenuation in the conversion process can be reduced, and the system can be ensured to achieve high output power and efficiency. The sampling resistor Rs is used for converting the current in the transmitting loop into voltage and providing the voltage to the amplitude detection circuit 5 at the later stage, and the sampling resistor Rs is a high-power and small-resistance precision resistor and can ensure that excessive energy is not consumed in the sampling process. When the electric vehicle charging device works, the transmitting coil (inductor L) converts electric energy into magnetic energy and transmits the magnetic energy to the receiving coil (positioned in a vehicle to be charged and not shown in the figure) in a magnetic coupling resonance mode, and the receiving coil converts the received energy into required electric energy through a corresponding circuit at a later stage so as to charge a storage battery of the electric vehicle.
The structure block diagram of the capacitance compensation circuit 3 adopted by the invention is shown in figure 2, the output ends of a first relay driving circuit, a second relay driving circuit, a third relay driving circuit, a fourth relay driving circuit, a fifth relay driving circuit, a sixth relay driving circuit, a seventh relay driving circuit and an eighth relay driving circuit are respectively connected with eight input ends of a capacitance compensation network, the first relay driving circuit, the input ends of the second relay driving circuit, the third relay driving circuit, the fourth relay driving circuit, the fifth relay driving circuit, the sixth relay driving circuit, the seventh relay driving circuit and the eighth relay driving circuit are respectively connected with eight different I/O ports of the single chip microcomputer 4, and the output end of the capacitance compensation circuit 3 is connected with the input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2.
Wherein, the structure of the capacitance compensation network is shown in fig. 5, one end of the coil of the relay K, K is grounded, the other end is used as eight input ends of the capacitance compensation network, which are sequentially marked as ports Rin, are respectively connected with the output end of a relay drive circuit, one end of the capacitor C, C is connected with one end of the relay K, and is also connected with the stationary contact of the relay K, the other end of the capacitor C, C is sequentially connected with the movable contact of the relay K, one end of the capacitor C is connected with the stationary contact of the relay K, and is used as one output end of the capacitance compensation network, which is marked as a port Cadj-out, and is connected with the port Cadj-in of the high frequency inverter circuit 2, the other end of the capacitor C is connected with one end of the capacitor C and the movable contact of the relay, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected with one end of a capacitor C10, a fixed contact of a relay K5 and a movable contact of a relay K6, the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected with one end of a capacitor C11, a fixed contact of a relay K6 and a movable contact of a relay K7, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C12, a fixed contact of a relay K7 and a movable contact of a relay K8, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected with a fixed contact of a relay K8, and the other end of the capacitor C12 serving as the other output end of a capacitor compensation network is recorded as a port Cadj-out2 and is connected with a port Rs-out1 of the high; the network realizes that the total inductance value is changed from 0.2uF to 10uF at intervals of 0.2uF through selective access of different capacitors, and 50 selectable compensation capacitors are provided for the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 by a small number of elements. The load adaptation range of the invention is greatly widened.
All the relay driving circuits have the same structure, as shown in fig. 6, one end of a resistor R32 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the other end of a resistor R32 is connected with the anode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler U4 is used as the input end of the relay driving circuit, is marked as a port MCU-in, and is connected with the single chip microcomputer 4; an emitter of a phototriode in the optocoupler U4 is grounded, a collector of the phototriode is connected with one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with a +12V power supply, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with a base electrode of a triode Q17, an emitter of a triode Q17 is connected with the +12V power supply, a collector of the phototriode is connected with a cathode of a diode D9 and serves as an output end of a relay driving circuit and is recorded as a port Rout, and an anode of a diode D. The drive circuit adopts the optical coupler to isolate between the single chip microcomputer 4 and the relay, and effectively prevents the influence of large current in a relay coil or a high-frequency inverter circuit 2 on the single chip microcomputer 4.
As shown in fig. 4, one end of the resistor R19 is used as an input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, which is marked as a port Rs-in1, and is connected to a port Rs-out1 of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2; the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R22 and is grounded, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected with one end of the resistor R21 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R21 serves as the other input end of the amplitude detection circuit 5 and is recorded as a port Rs-in2 and is connected with a port Rs-out2 of the high-frequency inverter circuit; the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R24, one end of a resistor R26 and one end of a resistor R27, and the other end of a resistor R26 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R28; the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of the resistor R25 and is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R25, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, and the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply; the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with one end of the resistor R29, one end of the resistor R30 is connected with the anode of the diode D7, the other end of the resistor R29 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R31 and the cathode of the diode D8, and the output end of the amplitude detection circuit 5, which is marked as a port Amp-out, is connected with the; the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the resistor R31 are grounded, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7 and the output end of the operational amplifier U3.
The detection circuit is used for detecting the amplitude of alternating voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor, and the detection result is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 6 at the later stage and then is sent to the singlechip 4 for storage. Because the sampling resistor Rs is positioned in the bridge of the high-frequency inverter circuit 2, the highest electric potential at two ends can reach the magnitude close to Vs (about 200V) during working, the invention adopts the processing of voltage reduction and high-impedance difference, so that the signals at two ends of Rs are more convenient for amplitude detection, and the influence of the amplitude detection circuit on the main bridge in the high-frequency inverter circuit 2 is reduced to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the amplitude detection circuit adopts a double-diode active peak detection structure, so that the output direct current voltage is closer to the peak value of the input alternating current voltage, and the detection precision is effectively improved.
Example 5 working principle of the invention
The working principle and the working process of the invention are further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-6 as follows: before the system of the invention charges the electric automobile, an initialization process is firstly carried out, the singlechip 4 controls the capacitance compensation network, a compensation capacitor is selected to be connected into the main circuit, the compensation capacitor and the inductance L of the transmitting coil are superposed to form a total inductance, the loop is tried to be resonated, the amplitude detection circuit 5 detects the amplitude of alternating voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor Rs and converts the amplitude into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 6 and sends the digital signal to the singlechip 4 for storage, then the singlechip 4 controls the capacitance compensation network 3 to change the value of the compensation capacitance, and repeats the process, and the process is repeated, after trying all the compensation capacitors with different values, the single chip microcomputer 4 compares all the amplitude detection results, selects the compensation scheme with the maximum amplitude detection result, and when the receiving loops of the charged automobiles are different, the optimal compensation scheme is also different. After the initialization process is finished, the singlechip 4 selects the optimal compensation capacitor and accesses the optimal compensation capacitor to the main loop to charge the automobile. The initialization process enables the transmitting loop to be in a resonance state when the system charges different receiving loops, and can effectively ensure that the transmitting loop can achieve high transmission power and efficiency under different loads.
Claims (3)
1. The wireless charging device for the electric automobile is structurally provided with an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit (1), a high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and a single chip microcomputer (4), and is characterized by further comprising a capacitance compensation circuit (3), an amplitude detection circuit (5) and an analog-digital conversion circuit (6); the input end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit (1) is connected with a mains supply, the output end of the alternating current-direct current conversion circuit (1) is connected with the power supply input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2), the sampling output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) is connected with the input end of the amplitude detection circuit (5), the output end of the amplitude detection circuit (5) is connected with the input end of the analog-digital conversion circuit (6), the output end of the analog-digital conversion circuit (6) is connected with the single chip microcomputer (4), the single chip microcomputer (4) is also connected with the control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and the input end of the capacitance compensation circuit (3) respectively, and the output end of the capacitance compensation circuit (3) is connected with the compensation input end of the high;
the capacitance compensation circuit (3) is structurally characterized in that the output ends of a first relay drive circuit, a second relay drive circuit, a third relay drive circuit, a fourth relay drive circuit, a fifth relay drive circuit, a sixth relay drive circuit, a seventh relay drive circuit and an eighth relay drive circuit are respectively connected with eight input ends of a capacitance compensation network, the input ends of the first relay drive circuit, the second relay drive circuit, the third relay drive circuit, the fourth relay drive circuit, the fifth relay drive circuit, the sixth relay drive circuit, the seventh relay drive circuit and the eighth relay drive circuit are respectively connected with eight different I/O ports of the single chip microcomputer (4), and the output end of the capacitance compensation circuit (3) is connected with the input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2);
the first relay drive circuit to the eighth relay drive circuit are identical in structure, and the specific structure is that one end of a resistor R32 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected with the anode of a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler U4, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler U4 is used as the input end of the relay drive circuit, is recorded as a port MCU-in and is connected with a singlechip (4); an emitter of a phototriode in the optocoupler U4 is grounded, a collector is connected with one end of a resistor R33 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with a +12V power supply, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected with a base electrode of a triode Q17, an emitter of a triode Q17 is connected with the +12V power supply, a collector is connected with a cathode of a diode D9 and serves as an output end of a relay drive circuit and is marked as a port Rout, and an anode of the diode D9 is grounded;
the capacitance compensation network is structured in such a way that one end of each coil of the relays K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8 is grounded, the other end of each coil is used as eight input ends of the capacitance compensation network, which are sequentially marked as ports Rin1, Rin2, Rin3, Rin4, Rin5, Rin6, Rin7 and Rin8, and are respectively connected with an output end of a relay driving circuit, one ends of the capacitors C5, C6, C7 and C8 are connected with a stationary contact of the relay K8, the other ends of the capacitors C5, C5 and C5 are sequentially connected with movable contacts of the relays K5, K5 and K5, one end of the capacitor C5 is connected with a stationary contact of the relays K5, K5 and K5, one end of the output end of the capacitor C5, Cadj-Cadj and the other end of the inverter circuit (Cadj) are connected with a high-frequency switch 5, a high-d 5 and a high-frequency switch 5 (Caout port) connected with a high-5, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected with one end of a capacitor C10, a fixed contact of a relay K5 and a movable contact of a relay K6, the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected with one end of a capacitor C11, a fixed contact of a relay K6 and a movable contact of a relay K7, the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected with one end of a capacitor C12, a fixed contact of a relay K7 and a movable contact of a relay K8, the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected with a fixed contact of a relay K8, and the other end of the capacitor C12 serving as the other output end of a capacitor compensation network is recorded as a port Cadj-out2 and is connected with a port Rs-out1 of the high-frequency;
the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) is structurally characterized in that the anode of a diode D1 is connected with a +12V power supply, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, the emitter of a triode Q1 and one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with the base of a triode Q1 and the collector of a triode Q2, the base of a triode Q2 is connected with one end of a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the emitter of a triode Q2 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 serves as a first control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and is recorded as a port MCU-in1 and is connected with a single chip microcomputer (4), the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a diode D2, the base of a triode Q3 and one end of a resistor R4, the other end of a resistor R4 is connected with, The drain electrode of a field effect tube Q8, one end of an inductor L and the source electrode of a field effect tube Q4 are connected, the emitter electrode of a triode Q3 is connected with the cathode of a diode D2, the cathode of a voltage stabilizing diode D3 and the grid electrode of a field effect tube Q4, the drain electrode of a field effect tube Q4 is connected with the drain electrode of a field effect tube Q9 and serves as the power supply input end of a high-frequency inverter circuit (2) which is marked as a port Vs-in and is connected with the direct current voltage output end of an alternating current-direct current conversion circuit (1), the grid electrode of the field effect tube Q8 is connected with one end of a resistor R8 and the collector electrode of a triode Q7, the other end of a resistor R8 is connected with the collector electrode of a triode Q5, the emitter electrode of a triode Q5 is connected with one end of a resistor R5 and a +12V direct current power supply, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 and the collector electrode, the emitter of the triode Q6 is connected with one end of a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the resistor R7 is used as a second control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and is marked as a port MCU-in2 and is connected with the single chip microcomputer (4), the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the base of a triode Q7, the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the source of a field effect transistor Q8 and is grounded, the other end of the inductor L is connected with one end of a capacitor Cs and is used as a compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and is marked as a port Cadj-in1 and is connected with a port Cadj-out1 of the capacitor compensation circuit (3), the other end of the capacitor Cs is connected with one end of a sampling resistor Rs and is used as another compensation input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and is also used as a, the port is connected with a port Cadj-out2 of a capacitance compensation circuit (3), and is also connected with a port Rs-in1 of an amplitude detection circuit (5), the other end of a sampling resistor Rs is connected with a drain electrode of a field effect tube Q13, a source electrode of the field effect tube Q9, an anode electrode of a voltage stabilizing diode D4, a collector electrode of a triode Q10, one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a capacitor C2, and is used as the other sampling output end of a high-frequency inverter circuit (2) which is marked as a port Rs-out2 and is connected with the port Rs-in2 of the amplitude detection circuit (5), a grid electrode of the field effect tube Q9 is connected with a cathode electrode of a voltage stabilizing diode D4, an emitter electrode of a triode Q10 and a cathode electrode of a diode D5, a base electrode of a triode Q84 is connected with the other end of the resistor R10, an anode electrode of a diode D5 and a collector electrode of a triode Q11, an emitter electrode of a triode Q11 is connected with the other end of the, the anode of the diode D6 is connected with a +12V direct-current power supply, the base of the triode Q11 is connected with the other end of the resistor R11 and the collector of the triode Q12, the base of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the emitter of the triode Q12 is connected with one end of the resistor R13, the other end of the resistor R13 serves as a third control input end of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2), is recorded as a port MCU-in3, and is connected with the single chip microcomputer (4); the source of a field effect transistor Q13 is connected with the emitter of a triode Q14 and is grounded, the gate of the field effect transistor Q13 is connected with one end of a resistor R14 and the collector of a triode Q14, the base of the triode Q14 is connected with one end of a resistor R15, the other end of the resistor R15 is connected with one end of a resistor R17, the resistor R15 serves as the fourth control input end of a high-frequency inverter circuit (2) and is marked as a port MCU-in4 and is connected with a single chip microcomputer (4), the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with the collector of a triode Q15, the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with one end of the resistor R16 and a +12V direct-current power supply, the base of the triode Q15 is connected with the other end of the resistor R16 and the collector of the triode Q16, the emitter of the triode Q16 is connected with the other end of the resistor R17, the base of the triode Q16 is connected;
the structure of the amplitude detection circuit (5) is that one end of a resistor R19 is used as one input end of the amplitude detection circuit (5) and is recorded as a port Rs-in1, and the port Rs-out1 of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2) is connected; the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R20, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with one end of the resistor R23 and one end of the resistor R22 and is grounded, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R22 is connected with one end of the resistor R21 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R21 serves as the other input end of the amplitude detection circuit (5) and is recorded as a port Rs-in2 and is connected with a port Rs-out2 of the high-frequency inverter circuit (2; the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R24, one end of a resistor R26 and one end of a resistor R27, and the other end of a resistor R26 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1 and one end of the resistor R28; the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of the resistor R25 and is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R27 and the other end of the resistor R25, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, and the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply; the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3, the positive power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a +5V direct-current power supply, the negative power supply input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with a-5V direct-current power supply, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with one end of the resistor R29, one end of the resistor R30 is connected with the anode of the diode D7, the other end of the resistor R29 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with one end of the capacitor C3, one end of the resistor R31 and the cathode of the diode D8, and the output end of the amplitude detection circuit (5), which is marked as a port Amp-out, is connected with the analog signal input end; the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the resistor R31 are grounded, and the anode of the diode D8 is connected with the cathode of the diode D7 and the output end of the operational amplifier U3.
2. The wireless charging device of the electric automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that in the high-frequency inverter circuit (2), the inductance L is 285uH and the withstand voltage is 400V, the capacitance Cs is preferably 30nF and the withstand voltage is 400V; the sampling resistor Rs has a resistance of 0.1 ohm.
3. The wireless charging device of claim 1 or 2, wherein in the capacitance compensation network, values of the capacitors are as follows, the capacitors C4-C6: 1nF, capacitance C7: 2nF, capacitance C8: 5nF, capacitance C9: 250pF, capacitance C10: 680pF, capacitance C11: 1.5nF, capacitance C12: 4 nF.
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| CN104158304A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Mobile self-adaption energy and information synchronization wireless transmission method and transmission device |
| CN205829320U (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-21 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of magnet coupled resonant type wireless energy transmission system |
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| CN104158304A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-11-19 | 华南理工大学 | Mobile self-adaption energy and information synchronization wireless transmission method and transmission device |
| CN205829320U (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-21 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of magnet coupled resonant type wireless energy transmission system |
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