CN108872721A - A kind of in-orbit method for self-calibrating of space array antenna - Google Patents
A kind of in-orbit method for self-calibrating of space array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108872721A CN108872721A CN201810256741.4A CN201810256741A CN108872721A CN 108872721 A CN108872721 A CN 108872721A CN 201810256741 A CN201810256741 A CN 201810256741A CN 108872721 A CN108872721 A CN 108872721A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
- G01S7/4026—Antenna boresight
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of in-orbit method for self-calibrating of space array antenna, and aerial array to be calibrated emits signal to the ground, and receives ground echo;It is related that all adjacent two array element i to the signal that j is received are subjected to conjugation, change the transmitting signal phase delay of each array element at random, the conjugation correlation of the echo-signal of n times pulse is overlapped after the times N of repeatedly setting, and it is average to calculate the time, obtains the phase difference of adjacent two array element i and j;Choosing first array element in aerial array is reference array element, calculates the phase difference of other array elements and reference array element and compensates to each array element.The present invention can carry out in-orbit estimation and calibration to array element phase error in the case where not increasing any optional equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna distortion measurements and calibration field, are related to the subjects such as radar, signal processing.
Background technique
Deformation occurs for meeting compared with original design after the in-orbit expansion of space array antenna.Deformation can be by folding and unfolding process
It generates;It is also possible to generate due to the influence by factors such as transmitting vibrations;Either in orbit during by long term thermal
The influence of effect and generate.Space array antenna increasingly enlargement, the development of lightness keep the influence of space antenna deformation more next
Seriously.
The deformation of array antenna will affect the flatness of front, change relative position between array element, so as to cause each array element
The unknown variations of signal phase, influence antenna performance, so that antenna gain reduces, minor level deteriorates, and beam position changes
Become.Therefore in-orbit calibration must be carried out to array antenna deformation, to eliminate phase change in the control of array element phase delay
It influences, realizes the compensation to bay phase.
At present for this problem, used and technology that is studying has:
Ground point target alignment known to 1.
Satellite antenna is surveyed by installing the point targets such as transmitter, receiver or corner reflector in ground known point
Amount and calibration.When the scanned ground of satellite antenna, it is measured by transmitting, reception, reflection signal.This method needs
Ground system is installed, and waits satellite by can just measure, needs a large amount of artificial and time cost.
2. near field measurement antenna
Near field measurement antenna is an independently installed measurement antenna in satellite platform.Array antenna respectively radiates the phase of array element
Position delay can be measured by near field measurement antenna.The shortcomings that this technology is to need independent mechanical support structure, increases volume
Outer structure and equipment, improves satellite launch cost.
3. unknown ground target calibration
Measurement and calibration to array antenna can also be realized by reflecting point target naturally using the ground of multiple Location-Unknowns.This
The advantages of kind method is not need to install detection calibration equipment on ground, cost of labor is reduced, the disadvantage is that being sometimes difficult to find
Suitable nature point target.
4. reflection clutter calibration naturally
Natural reflection point target alignment is found typical reflectance point as benchmark on ground and is measured.Naturally clutter school is reflected
The quasi- reflection signal using a large amount of irrelevant scatterers is calibrated.This method utilizes the statistical property pair for reflecting noise signal
Array element phase change is estimated.Its principle is, when receiving uniform ground return clutter, adjacent array element receives the correlation of signal
The average phase of Data-Statistics is equal to 0.Therefore, any 0 value of being not equal to can mean that the opposite variation of phase between array element.Based on this
Kind principle can estimate array element phase.The shortcomings that this method is to need individual transmitting antenna transmitting signal for calibration
It uses.
5. wireless beacon method
Different near field measurement antenna method, wireless beacon method installs beacon at the antenna back side, is measured and is believed by additional antenna
Cursor position, to obtain the deformation situation of entire antenna.It is identical as near field measurement antenna method, the shortcomings that this technology be need it is only
Vertical measurement antenna increases additional structure and equipment, improves satellite launch cost.
6. optical deformation measurement method
The Space-Based Radar project of United States Air Force laboratory (AFRL) and JPL joint study uses optical method for measuring deformation,
By installing camera on the absolute construction for being similar near field measurement antenna, deformation is measured.
Also there is the survey that may be implemented by installation complicated laser emitter, receiver and mirror surface to surface deformation
Amount.
All there is the disadvantages of structure is complicated, higher cost in existing all distortion measurements and calibration method, additional in order to install
Calibrator (-ter) unit and the deformation of structure itself and vibration problem introduced also brings along many problems.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of in-orbit method for self-calibrating of array antenna, by allowing not
Calibrated antenna itself emits signal, and receives ground echo signal to calibrate oneself, can be further simplified satellite structure,
Reduce cost.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems includes the following steps:
1) aerial array to be calibrated includes M array element, and aerial array emits signal to the ground, and receives ground echo;
The signal that k-th of array element receives on arrayWherein, ekBattle array when for no phase error
The signal that first k is received at every sampling moment, φkPostpone for the electronic circuit in different channels, dkFor array element caused by deformation with
The distance change on ground, ηkTo measure noise, λ is signal wavelength, δkThe phase introduced for electronic circuit delay and change in location is prolonged
The sum of late;
2) that all adjacent two array element i and the signal that j is received are carried out conjugation is related, obtains
Wherein ε is noise, Δ δij=δi-δjFor the phase difference of adjacent array element;
3) the transmitting signal phase delay for changing each array element at random, enables phase delay obey uniformly dividing between [0,2 π]
Cloth repeats step 1) with 2), enters step 4) after the times N of repeatedly setting;
4) the conjugation correlation of the echo-signal of n times pulse is overlapped, and it is average to calculate the time, obtains
5) it calculatesPhaseThe then phase difference δ of adjacent two array element i and jij=ψij;
6) choosing first array element in aerial array is reference array element, according to Δ δijCalculate other array elements and reference array element
Phase difference
7) phase of array element each in addition to reference array element is compensated, by the phase of each array element fromIt is adjusted toComplete the self calibration of aerial array.
Number of repetition N >=100.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Array element phase error can be carried out in the case where not increasing any optional equipment
In-orbit estimation and calibration.This method emits signal by not calibrated antenna to the ground, the echo-signal received to each array element
It is handled, phase error can be estimated and is compensated, realize in-orbit self calibration.The phase error that this method estimates is same
When include element position variation and electronic circuit delay influence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the array pattern (2D) before calibration
Fig. 2 is the array pattern (2D) after calibration
Fig. 3 is the array pattern (3D) before calibration
Fig. 4 is the array pattern (3D) after calibration
Fig. 5 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, and the present invention includes but are not limited to following implementations
Example.
The present invention includes the following steps:
1) (M array element, phase are aerial array to be calibratedEmit signal to the ground, and receives ground
Face echo.The signal that k-th of array element receives on array is:
Here ek(n) for no phase error when, signal that array element k is received at every sampling moment.φkFor different channels
Electronic circuit delay, dkFor the distance change of array element caused by deformation and ground, ηkTo measure noise.λ is wavelength, δkFor electricity
The sum of the phase delay that sub- line delay and change in location introduce.
2) that all adjacent two array element i and the signal that j is received are carried out conjugation is related, obtains:
Wherein ε is noise, Δ δij=δi-δjFor the phase difference of adjacent array element.
3) the transmitting signal phase delay for changing each array element at random, enables phase delay obey uniformly dividing between [0,2 π]
Cloth.Step 1 and 2 is repeated, after repetition N (N >=100) is secondary, enters step 4.
4) the conjugation correlation of the echo-signal of n times pulse is overlapped, and it is average to calculate the time, obtains:
5) it calculatesPhaseThe then phase difference δ of adjacent two array element i and jij=ψij。
6) choosing first array element is reference array element, according to Δ δijCalculate the phase difference of other array elements and reference array element
7) phase of each array element is compensated, by phase fromIt is adjusted to
This completes self calibrations.
In order to illustrate the effect of the method for invention, the present invention is emulated.Initially set up receipt signal model.Assuming that thunder
Up to transmitting signal pulse sT(t) it is:
sT(t)=g (t) exp (j2 π f0t) (4)
Wherein g (t) is complex envelope, f0For carrier frequency.Reception signal from scatterer i is:
Wherein c indicates that the light velocity, r are the distance of radar and scatterer, then two-way approach delay isReceive signal multiplied by
Factor f (θ, β), this factor is by reflectivity, elevation angle θ and deflection β decision, wTFor beam gain.After removing carrier frequency, dissipate
The echo-signal of beam i is:
Wherein λ is wavelength.The echo-signal of all scatterers is superimposed, is obtained:
Wherein N is scatterer number.
The signal that i-th of array element receives is ei'(n).In order to it is expectedAveragely replace collection flat using the time
, it obtains
Fig. 1-Fig. 4 gives simulation result.In simulations, aerial array is made of 8 × 8 array elements.Fig. 1 is before calibrating
Array pattern, abscissa are angle, and ordinate is normalized gain.Fig. 2 is the directional diagram after calibration.Fig. 3 is 3D form
Array pattern before calibration shows the arrangement mode of aerial array in figure, and x-axis, y-axis are angle, and z-axis is that normalization increases
Benefit.Fig. 4 is the array pattern after the calibration of 3D form.
Simulation results show the validity of algorithm.It can be seen that the phase between different array elements from the directional diagram of synthesis to miss
The available high-precision estimation of difference and calibration.Even if array antenna initial phase error causes antenna that cannot focus completely, calculate
Method still can work normally, and accurately estimates array element phase error and is compensated by, realizes in-orbit self calibration.
When using array antenna unit as micro-strip squaerial the case where one dimensional linear array, as embodiment.In this example,
Antenna is 8 yuan of linear arrays.
1) signal that the array element i (i=1 ..., 8) of aerial array to be calibrated is received is:
2) signal that all adjacent two array elements receive is subjected to conjugation correlation:
3) the transmitting signal phase delay for changing each array element at random enables transmitting signal phase delayObey [0,2 π] it
Between be uniformly distributed.130 step 1) are repeated to step 2), subsequently into step 4).
4) the conjugation related computational time of the echo-signal of 130 subpulses is averaged:
5) it calculatesPhase?:
ψ12=62 °, ψ23=-113 °, ψ34=-79 °, ψ45=137 °, ψ56=107 °, ψ67=-149 °, ψ78=38 ° becauseIt is 0, therefore above-mentioned ψijValue is the phase difference δ of adjacent array elementij=δi-δj, i.e.,:
Δδ12=62 °, Δ δ23=-113 °, Δ δ34=-79 °, Δ δ45=137, Δ δ56=107, Δ δ67=-149, Δ
δ78=38 °
6) phase for choosing first array element of linear array is fixed phaseArray element 1 is calculated to array element 8 and fixed phase
Phase difference?:
7) phase difference is compensated, adjusts the transmitting signal delay of each array element, enable the signal delay knots modification of array element i
ForThe signal phase error that each array element can be eliminated realizes the self calibration of array antenna.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of in-orbit method for self-calibrating of space array antenna, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1) aerial array to be calibrated includes M array element, and aerial array emits signal to the ground, and receives ground echo;Array
The signal that upper k-th of array element receivesWherein, ekArray element k when for no phase error
The signal received at every sampling moment, φkPostpone for the electronic circuit in different channels, dkFor array element caused by deformation and ground
The distance change in face, ηkTo measure noise, λ is signal wavelength, δkThe phase delay introduced for electronic circuit delay and change in location
The sum of;
2) that all adjacent two array element i and the signal that j is received are carried out conjugation is related, obtainsWherein ε
For noise, Δ δij=δi-δjFor the phase difference of adjacent array element;
3) the transmitting signal phase delay for changing each array element at random, enables phase delay obey being uniformly distributed between [0,2 π],
Step 1) is repeated with 2), is entered step 4) after the times N of repeatedly setting;
4) the conjugation correlation of the echo-signal of n times pulse is overlapped, and it is average to calculate the time, obtains
5) it calculatesPhaseThe then phase difference δ of adjacent two array element i and jij=ψij;
6) choosing first array element in aerial array is reference array element, according to Δ δijCalculate the phase of other array elements with reference array element
Potential differenceI=2 ..., M;
7) phase of array element each in addition to reference array element is compensated, by the phase of each array element fromIt is adjusted to
Complete the self calibration of aerial array.
2. the in-orbit method for self-calibrating of space array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The number of repetition
N≥100。
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Cited By (5)
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CN112305526A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Distributed array system synchronization method based on external calibration source |
WO2021043068A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Digital-analog hybrid beamforming multi-channel correction method and device |
CN112505630A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-16 | 安洁无线科技(苏州)有限公司 | Analysis compensation method of millimeter wave radar |
CN113726453A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-30 | 南通大学 | Method for calibrating broadband antenna array in time domain |
CN115586502A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method and device for receiving and correcting external field time-frequency near-field broadband signals |
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Cited By (9)
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WO2021043068A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-11 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Digital-analog hybrid beamforming multi-channel correction method and device |
CN112305526A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Distributed array system synchronization method based on external calibration source |
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CN112505630B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2024-05-14 | 安洁无线科技(苏州)有限公司 | Analysis compensation method of millimeter wave radar |
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CN113726453B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-11-03 | 南通大学 | Method for calibrating broadband antenna array in time domain |
CN115586502A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method and device for receiving and correcting external field time-frequency near-field broadband signals |
CN115586502B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method and device for receiving and correcting external field time-frequency near-field broadband signals |
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