CN108872124B - Online carbon monoxide analyzer and heating furnace combustion control system - Google Patents
Online carbon monoxide analyzer and heating furnace combustion control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108872124B CN108872124B CN201710182095.7A CN201710182095A CN108872124B CN 108872124 B CN108872124 B CN 108872124B CN 201710182095 A CN201710182095 A CN 201710182095A CN 108872124 B CN108872124 B CN 108872124B
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004313 potentiometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
- F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
- F27D2019/0012—Monitoring the composition of the atmosphere or of one of their components
- F27D2019/0015—Monitoring the composition of the exhaust gases or of one of its components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0031—Regulation through control of the flow of the exhaust gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online carbon monoxide analyzer, which comprises an emission unit, a receiving unit, a purging unit and a control unit, wherein the emission unit is used for emitting carbon monoxide; the transmitting unit comprises an infrared laser light source and a chopper, the receiving unit comprises a filtering gas pool, an optical filter, a convex lens and a detector, and the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are arranged on two sides of a chimney of the heating furnace through flanges; the light paths of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are on the same straight line, the tail end of the light path of the transmitting unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer, and the starting end of the light path of the receiving unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer; the purging unit is provided with a purging pipeline and a positive pressure pipeline, the purging pipeline is respectively connected between the transmitting unit and the transmitting unit, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are respectively connected through the positive pressure pipeline; the control unit is respectively connected with the transmitting unit and the receiving unit through connecting cables. The online carbon monoxide analyzer can stably operate for a long time, and can provide data support for improving the heat efficiency and safely operating the heating furnace by monitoring the concentration of carbon monoxide in flue gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flue gas analysis in the petrochemical industry, in particular to a carbon monoxide analyzer and a heating furnace combustion control system for online real-time determination of carbon monoxide concentration in heating furnace flue gas in the petrochemical industry.
Background
With increasing importance on energy conservation and emission reduction, heating furnace management in the petrochemical industry is continuously strengthened, the operation level of the heating furnace and the level of energy conservation and emission reduction are greatly improved compared with the prior art at present, but the optimized operation of the heating furnace has a space for improvement. The real-time online analysis of the flue gas of the heating furnace, particularly the measurement of the concentration of carbon monoxide, can indicate the combustion state of the heating furnace, further adjust the operating parameters of the heating furnace, and enable the heating furnace to operate in the optimal state, thereby realizing the energy conservation, emission reduction and safe operation of the heating furnace.
At present, the analysis methods of the concentration of carbon monoxide mainly comprise an infrared analysis method, a potentiometric method, a gas chromatography method and the like, wherein the infrared analysis method is mainly adopted for realizing the detection of the flue gas. The traditional non-dispersive infrared detector adopts two infrared light sources, infrared light enters a reference gas chamber and a measuring gas chamber respectively after being modulated, and the gas concentration is calculated through the intensity change of the light sources. The method has the defects that the cost is high when two light sources are adopted, infrared light emitted by the two light sources is different, and the measurement sensitivity is reduced due to different intensity variation trends of the light sources in long-time working.
Current carbon monoxide analysis appearance is mainly through the sampling pipe when surveying, gathers a small amount of flue gas in the follow flue gas, surveys in leading-in the survey air chamber of instrument inside through the air pump, because gas will be in the pipeline just can get into the instrument for a period of time, and the survey result is the state when sampling, is not the result of real-time determination. Because the flue of the heating furnace is large, a small amount of samples collected from a certain sampling point cannot represent the carbon monoxide concentration in the whole flue gas, and the method has the problem that the measurement result cannot completely represent the carbon monoxide concentration condition in the flue. Meanwhile, for real-time monitoring and analysis of flue gas, because the flue gas volume is large and the flue gas contains impurities such as dust, the flue gas needs to be continuously operated outdoors for a long time, and a common analysis instrument cannot complete the monitoring and analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an analyzer for reliably, quickly and accurately measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas of a heating furnace in real time.
The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer comprises an emission unit, a receiving unit, a purging unit and a control unit; the device comprises an emission unit, a receiving unit, a heating furnace chimney and a control unit, wherein the emission unit comprises an infrared laser light source and a chopper, the receiving unit comprises a filtering gas pool, an optical filter, a convex lens and a detector, and the emission unit and the receiving unit are arranged on two sides of the heating furnace chimney through flanges; the light paths of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are on the same straight line, the tail end of the light path of the transmitting unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer for sealing, and the starting end of the light path of the receiving unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer for sealing; the purging unit is provided with a purging pipeline and a positive pressure pipeline, the purging pipeline is respectively connected between the transmitting unit and the transmitting unit, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are respectively connected through the positive pressure pipeline; the control unit is respectively connected with the transmitting unit and the receiving unit through connecting cables.
The infrared laser light source adopts a quantum cascade laser. The transparent wafer, the optical filter and the convex lens are all made of single crystal calcium fluoride materials with good light transmission in a middle infrared wave band (a wave band near 4.65 microns).
The filtering gas cell comprises a gas cell gland screw, a gland, a silica gel gasket, a calcium fluoride window, a sealing ring, a cell body, an air inlet sealing screw, a separating beam, a nitrogen gas cell and a carbon monoxide gas cell; the filtering gas pool body is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into two parts along the axial direction of the cylinder through a separating beam, wherein one side of the filtering gas pool is a nitrogen gas pool, and the other side of the filtering gas pool is a carbon monoxide gas pool; sealing ring grooves are formed in the two axial ends of the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank, the sealing rings are arranged in the sealing ring grooves, the calcium fluoride window is arranged on the sealing rings, the silica gel gasket is arranged on the calcium fluoride window, the part of the silica gel gasket corresponding to the interior of the gas tank is in a hollow design, and the gland, the silica gel gasket and the calcium fluoride window are arranged on the tank body of the gas tank through gland screws; and the centers of the side walls of the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank are respectively provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlets are sealed by adopting gas inlet sealing screws and sealing rings after the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank are filled with corresponding gases.
The filtering gas pool body is made of aluminum alloy materials with light weight and high hardness, the internal structure of the materials is compact, and no micro air holes exist.
The calcium fluoride window of the filtering gas pool adopts a single crystal calcium fluoride crystal with good light transmission in a middle infrared wave band (a wave band near 4.65 micrometers).
The sealing rings are all O-shaped fluororubber sealing rings with high temperature resistance and excellent sealing performance.
Ball bearing is installed into to the axial one end of filtering gas cell, the belt that is driven by the motor needs to be installed to the other end, makes filtering gas cell freely rotate along the axle center fast, gas cell can rotate with 4 ~ 12 revolutions per second's rotational speed fast.
The diameter of an infrared laser spot emitted by the infrared laser light source is about one third of the narrowest width of each gas pool, and in the rotating process of the gas pools, the infrared laser spot can only pass through one gas pool at a time and continuously passes through the two gas pools in turn.
The purging unit adopts instrument wind, purges the interiors of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit through a current pipeline by setting the flow and the pressure, enables the internal pressure to reach the design requirement (100 Pa), indicates the internal pressure state through a differential pressure switch, and controls the running state of an instrument; and clean gas is used for blowing between the light-transmitting wafer and the interface flange through the blowing pipeline, so that the light-transmitting wafer is prevented from being polluted.
The invention also provides an installation method of the online carbon monoxide analyzer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) punching holes on two radial sides of a chimney of the cylindrical tubular heating furnace, wherein the diameter of the punched holes is larger than 100mm, welding mounting flanges of an online carbon monoxide analyzer on two sides, and respectively mounting the transmitting unit and the receiving unit on the chimney through flanges;
(2) the infrared laser light signal received by the high-speed photoelectric detector is strongest by adjusting the angle of the laser emitted from the light source;
(3) connecting positive pressure pipelines and purging pipelines of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to a purging unit, connecting high-pressure air to the purging unit, and enabling the air pressure inside the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to be higher than the external air pressure by more than 200Pa, preferably 200 Pa-1000 Pa, so as to meet the explosion-proof requirement;
(4) the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are connected to a control unit arranged in a control room through signal cables, and the control unit displays and measures the accurate concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas of the heating furnace in real time.
The invention also provides a heating furnace combustion control system, which comprises the online carbon monoxide analyzer, the oxygen sensor, the heating furnace and a heating furnace control system (DCS); the heating furnace is sequentially provided with a flue, a flue baffle, a convection chamber, a radiation chamber and an air door baffle from top to bottom; the online carbon monoxide analyzer, the oxygen sensor and a heating furnace control system (DCS) are connected with each other, the online carbon monoxide analyzer is installed on a flue of the heating furnace, the oxygen sensor is installed on the upper part of a convection chamber of the heating furnace, and the carbon monoxide content and the oxygen content are respectively monitored; the heating furnace control system (DCS) is connected with the oxygen sensor, the flue baffle and the air door baffle, the oxygen content in the heating furnace is monitored in real time, and the heating furnace control system (DCS) monitors and controls the states of the flue baffle and the air door baffle.
The online carbon monoxide analyzer sends a control signal to a heating furnace control system (DCS) according to the content of carbon monoxide and oxygen, and then the heating furnace control system adjusts the opening degrees of a flue baffle and an air door baffle.
When the online carbon monoxide analyzer monitors that carbon monoxide or oxygen is abnormal, the system automatically quits the control of the heating furnace, recovers the excess air combustion state and ensures the safe operation of the heating furnace.
The online carbon monoxide analyzer can still enable the heating furnace to work in the best state by adjusting the opening of the damper baffle in the heating furnace in the state of poor sealing performance.
The online carbon monoxide analyzer automatically operates without the operation of workers, and gives out sound and light alarm when the working state is abnormal.
The on-line measurement of carbon monoxide in flue gas of a heating furnace needs to be operated continuously outdoors for a long time, the gas in a flue flows rapidly, the gas flow is large, the temperature is high, the flue gas contains a small amount of impurities or dust, the explosion-proof requirement on measurement equipment is strict, and the existing indoor analysis instrument cannot work under the condition and can not accurately measure the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas.
The invention adopts the positive pressure gas purging inside the instrument and the internal structure design to meet the explosion-proof requirement and the harsh operation condition on site, adopts the quantum cascade laser with high reliability and high power as the infrared light source, has stable performance, ensures that infrared light with large diameter passes through the flue of the heating furnace, has the advantages of large sampling amount, high measurement precision, good accuracy, stable performance, high sensitivity, strong representativeness, high measurement speed and the like, and does not need to carry out dust removal, dehydration and other treatments on the flue gas. The method directly measures the carbon monoxide in all the flue gas in the radial direction of the heating furnace chimney, and the measured flue gas volume is larger; the carbon monoxide measuring result is not influenced by the intensity of a light source and external vibration, and the measuring sensitivity and accuracy of the carbon monoxide analyzer to low-concentration gas are improved; the gas pool in the analyzer has compact structure, light weight and stable and reliable performance, can run for a long time, and does not have leakage phenomenon; the window sheet of the gas tank is made of a single crystal calcium fluoride material, and has the advantages of high hardness, corrosion resistance, low price and the like; the gas cell is simple to operate, is very easy to inflate and install, and conveniently utilizes the infrared spectrometer to detect the internal gas state. The analyzer has a reasonable structure, automatically runs, monitors the combustion state of the heating furnace in real time, and provides a basis for energy conservation, emission reduction and safe running of the heating furnace.
The heating furnace combustion control system has the following advantages: (1) the invention directly monitors the content of carbon monoxide and oxygen in the flue gas, so that the heating furnace can safely operate; (2) the heating furnace combustion control system can control the content of carbon monoxide in the flue gas of the heating furnace to be 100-150 ppm, so that the content of oxygen in the flue gas is 0.5-0.9%, the combustion is at the critical point of complete combustion and incomplete combustion, the minimum loss of smoke discharge is ensured, and the minimum generation amount of nitrogen oxides is ensured; (3) the heat efficiency of the heating furnace is improved by 0.6-1.0%, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced by 25-45%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a filtering gas cell of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a filtered gas cell of an on-line carbon monoxide analyzer in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the filter gas cell pressure cover structure of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the results of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the results of the operation of the laboratory carbon monoxide analyzer in the comparative example.
FIG. 8 is a furnace combustion control system of the present invention.
The system comprises an infrared laser source 1, a 2-chopper, a 3-heating furnace chimney, a 4-filtering gas pool, a 5-optical filter, a 6-convex lens, a 7-detector, an 8-infrared light path, a 9-light-transmitting wafer, a 10-connecting flange, a 11-differential pressure switch, a 12-transmitting unit, a 13-receiving unit, a 14-control unit, a 15-connecting cable, a 16-purging unit, a 17-instrument wind inlet, an 18-purging pipeline and a 19-positive pressure pipeline, wherein the infrared laser source is connected with the 1-infrared laser source;
4-1 is a gland screw, 4-2 is a gland, 4-3 is a silica gel gasket, 4-4 is a calcium fluoride window, 4-5 is a gland screw hole, 4-6 is a sealing ring, 4-7 is a tank body, 4-8 is an air inlet sealing screw, 4-9 is a separating beam, 4-10 is a belt pulley mounting position, 4-11 is a nitrogen gas tank, 4-12 is a carbon monoxide gas tank, 4-13 is a bearing mounting position, and 4-14 is an infrared laser spot;
20-online carbon monoxide analyzer controller, 21-heating furnace control system (DCS), 22-flue, 23-online carbon monoxide analyzer, 24-flue baffle, 25-oxygen sensor, 26-convection chamber, 27-radiation chamber, 28-heating furnace, 29-air door baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The specific structure of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. The light path of the online carbon monoxide analyzer comprises an infrared laser light source 1, a chopper 2, a heating furnace flue 3, a filtering gas pool 4, an optical filter 5, a convex lens 6 and a detector 7; the middle infrared laser for measurement is continuously emitted from an infrared light source 1, continuous infrared light is modulated into pulse light in a passing-chopping-passing mode after passing through a chopper 2 rotating at a high speed, then the pulse light passes through smoke gas in a heating furnace chimney 3, the intensity of the infrared light is weakened after carbon monoxide in the smoke gas is absorbed, the weakening degree is directly related to the concentration of the carbon monoxide, then the infrared light circularly passes through two parts (namely a high-purity nitrogen gas cell and a carbon monoxide gas cell) of a filtering gas cell 4 to filter optical and electrical noise, then the infrared light passes through a narrow-wave optical filter 5, the narrow-wave optical filter 5 allows the infrared light of a carbon monoxide absorption band near 4.65 micrometers to pass through, the infrared light of other band ranges is blocked to improve the sensitivity of a detector 7 to the change of the concentration of the carbon monoxide, and finally the infrared light is focused by a convex lens 6 and then, the optical signal carrying the carbon monoxide concentration change is converted into an electrical signal.
The working process of the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer comprises the following steps:
1. the transmitting unit 12: the infrared light source 1 continuously emits mid-infrared laser, continuous infrared light is modulated into pulse light in a passing-chopping-passing mode after passing through the chopper 2 rotating at a high speed, then the pulse light passes through smoke in the heating furnace chimney 3, and the intensity of the infrared light is weakened after the infrared light is absorbed by carbon monoxide in the smoke;
2. the receiving unit 13: infrared light transmitted from a chimney 3 of the heating furnace passes through a filtering gas pool 4, an optical filter 5, a convex lens 6 and a detector 7 in sequence, and the light path of the infrared light is on the same axis with the light path 8 of an emission unit 12;
3. the control unit 14: the device is connected to the transmitting unit 12 and the receiving unit 13 through a connecting cable 15, the working current intensity of the infrared laser light source 1, the revolution of the chopper 2, the revolution of the filtering gas pool 4 and the output voltage signal intensity of the detector 7 are monitored, the laser intensities of the nitrogen gas pool and the carbon monoxide gas pool of the filtering gas pool 4 are converted, then the carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas is calculated, and the current signal output of a measuring result can be output in real time, so that the monitoring and the adjustment of the combustion state of the heating furnace are facilitated;
4. the purge unit 16: instrument wind is introduced from an inlet 17, after pressure is adjusted, the surface of the light-transmitting wafer 9 is swept through a sweeping pipeline 18 to achieve the anti-pollution purpose, and the positive pressure purpose is achieved for the transmitting unit 12 and the receiving unit 13 through a positive pressure pipeline 19.
The specific structure of the filtering gas cell of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5.
The filtering gas cell comprises 4-1 parts of a gland screw of the gas cell, 4-2 parts of a gland, 4-3 parts of a silica gel gasket, 4-4 parts of a calcium fluoride window, 4-6 parts of a sealing ring, 4-7 parts of a cell body, 4-8 parts of an air inlet sealing screw, 4-9 parts of a separating beam, 4-11 parts of a nitrogen gas cell and 4-12 parts of a carbon monoxide gas cell; the filtering gas pool body 4-7 is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into two parts along the axial direction of a cylinder by a separating beam 4-9, wherein one side is a nitrogen gas pool 4-11, and the other side is a carbon monoxide gas pool 4-12; sealing ring grooves are formed in two axial ends of a nitrogen gas tank 4-11 and a carbon monoxide gas tank 4-12, a sealing ring 4-6 is arranged in the sealing ring groove, a calcium fluoride window 4-4 is arranged on the sealing ring 4-6, a silica gel gasket 4-3 is arranged on the calcium fluoride window 4-4, the part, corresponding to the inside of the gas tank, of the silica gel gasket 4-3 is designed in a hollow manner, and a gland 4-2, the silica gel gasket 4-3 and the calcium fluoride window 4-4 are installed on a tank body 4-7 of the gas tank through a gland screw 4-1; the centers of the side walls of the nitrogen gas tank 4-11 and the carbon monoxide gas tank 4-12 are both provided with gas inlets, and the gas inlets are sealed by gas inlet sealing screws 4-8 and sealing rings 4-6 after the nitrogen gas tank 4-11 and the carbon monoxide gas tank 4-12 are filled with corresponding gases.
When the filtering gas pool operates, the bearing mounting position 4-13 at one end is assembled in the ball bearing, the belt pulley mounting position 4-10 at the other end is provided with a transmission belt driven by a motor, and the gas pool is driven by the motor to rapidly rotate at the rotating speed of 4-12 revolutions per second along the axis of the gas pool.
When the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 is inflated, the air inlet sealing screw 4-8 on the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 is detached, the two are placed into a glove box with nitrogen atmosphere, air in the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 is thoroughly removed in a vacuumizing mode, then the nitrogen gas is filled in the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 under the conditions of set temperature and air pressure, and then the air inlet sealing screw 4-8 and a sealing ring are placed on an air inlet of the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 together, so that the nitrogen gas pool 4-11 is completely sealed; the method of charging the carbon monoxide gas cell 4-12 is exactly the same as that of the nitrogen gas cell 4-11 except that nitrogen gas is replaced with carbon monoxide gas.
The heating furnace combustion control system of the present invention is shown in fig. 8, and includes an on-line carbon monoxide analyzer controller 20, a heating furnace control system (DCS) 21, an on-line carbon monoxide analyzer 23, an oxygen sensor 25, and a heating furnace 28; the heating furnace 28 comprises a flue 22, a flue baffle 24, a convection chamber 26, a radiation chamber 27, a heating furnace 28 and a damper baffle 29; the online carbon monoxide analyzer controller 20 is directly connected with a heating furnace control system (DCS) 21, an online carbon monoxide analyzer 23 and an oxygen sensor 25 through communication cables, the online carbon monoxide analyzer 23 is installed on a flue 22 of a heating furnace 28 and is installed above a flue baffle 24, the online carbon monoxide analyzer 23 measures the content of carbon monoxide in flue gas in real time, and the oxygen sensor 25 is installed on the upper part of a convection chamber 26 of the heating furnace 28 and measures the content of oxygen in the flue gas in real time; the heating furnace control system (DCS) is connected with the oxygen sensor 25, the flue baffle 24 and the air door baffle 29, the oxygen content in the flue gas of the heating furnace 9 is monitored in real time, and the heating furnace control system (DCS) 20 monitors and controls the states of the flue baffle 24 and the air door baffle 29. When the online carbon monoxide analyzer 23 and the oxygen sensor 25 detect that the air entering the heating furnace 28 is excessive, namely exceeds a set value, the online carbon monoxide analyzer controller 20 sends a control signal to a heating furnace control system (DCS) 21, the DCS reduces the opening of the air door baffle 29, and simultaneously adjusts the opening of the flue baffle 24 to ensure that the concentration of carbon monoxide and the concentration of oxygen in the flue gas of the heating furnace 28 are within a set range; when the oxygen entering the heating furnace 28 is detected to be insufficient, the opening degree of the damper 29 is increased, and the opening degree of the flue damper 24 is adjusted. The online carbon monoxide analyzer controller 20 can automatically control the heating furnace to work in the optimal combustion state, automatically quit the control of the heating furnace when detecting that the contents of carbon monoxide and oxygen are abnormal, and recover to the excessive air combustion state, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the heat efficiency, reducing emission and safely operating the heating furnace.
Examples
The method comprises the steps of punching holes in two sides of a chimney of a cylindrical tube type heating furnace, welding an installation flange of an on-line carbon monoxide analyzer, wherein the punching diameter is larger than 100mm, and the axes of the two flanges are required to be on the same straight line passing through the central point of the chimney. And the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are respectively arranged on the chimney through flanges. The infrared laser light signal received by the high-speed photoelectric detector is strongest by adjusting the angle of the laser emitted from the light source.
The positive pressure pipeline and the purging pipeline of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are connected to the purging unit, high-pressure air is connected to the purging unit, the air pressure inside the transmitting unit and the receiving unit is higher than the external air pressure by more than 200Pa, and the explosion-proof requirement is met.
The transmitting unit and the receiving unit are connected to the control unit arranged in the control chamber through signal cables, the control unit displays and measures the accurate carbon monoxide concentration in the flue gas of the heating furnace in real time, the operation result of the online carbon monoxide analyzer on the tubular heating furnace is shown in figure 6, and the process that the carbon monoxide concentration changes along with time can be stored on a computer connected with the online carbon monoxide analyzer so as to analyze and research the combustion state of the heating furnace.
Comparative example
A small hole with the diameter of 8mm is drilled at one side of a chimney of the cylindrical tubular heating furnace, an 8mm stainless steel pipe is welded, one end of the small hole extends into the chimney by 400mm, the other end of the small hole is connected with a dust removal and dehydration device, the small hole is connected with a gas pump and then is connected to a carbon monoxide analyzer in a control room, and the measured gas is discharged to an appropriate outdoor position through an exhaust pump and a stainless steel pipeline. Because the gas sampling amount is small and samples are taken at fixed positions, the gas measurement result is not high in accuracy and representativeness.
The operation result of the carbon monoxide analyzer in the laboratory is shown in figure 7, the relative error of the measurement is 7.75 percent, while the relative error of figure 6 of the invention is only 3.48 percent, and the measurement result of the invention is more accurate.
When the carbon monoxide analyzer is used for measuring in a laboratory, smoke passes through a gas transmission pipeline of 100 meters or more, and the gas in the analyzer needs to be exchanged for new gas and old gas, and the time is 10 minutes or more, so that the measurement result is the smoke state before 15 minutes, and the measurement result is obviously lagged; the invention directly measures the flue gas which rapidly passes through the flue without sampling, and the invention only needs about 0.1 second to obtain the result, and the measuring speed is obviously faster than that of a carbon monoxide analyzer in a laboratory. In addition, the dust removal and dehydration device of the carbon monoxide analyzer in the laboratory needs regular maintenance, the operation workload is increased, and the measured flue gas enters the inside of the analyzer and easily pollutes optical elements, thereby affecting the performance of the analyzer.
Claims (10)
1. An on-line carbon monoxide analyzer is characterized in that: the device comprises an emitting unit, a receiving unit, a purging unit and a control unit; the device comprises an emission unit, a receiving unit, a heating furnace chimney and a control unit, wherein the emission unit comprises an infrared laser light source and a chopper, the receiving unit comprises a filtering gas pool, an optical filter, a convex lens and a detector, and the emission unit and the receiving unit are arranged on two sides of the heating furnace chimney through flanges; the light paths of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are on the same straight line, the tail end of the light path of the transmitting unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer for sealing, and the starting end of the light path of the receiving unit is provided with a light-transmitting wafer for sealing; the purging unit is provided with a purging pipeline and a positive pressure pipeline, the purging pipeline is respectively connected between the transmitting unit and the transmitting unit, the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are respectively connected through the positive pressure pipeline; the control unit is respectively connected with the transmitting unit and the receiving unit through connecting cables; the transmitting unit (12): the infrared laser light source (1) continuously emits mid-infrared laser, continuous infrared light is modulated into pulse light in a passing-chopping-passing mode after passing through the chopper (2) rotating at a high speed, then the pulse light passes through smoke in a heating furnace chimney (3), and the intensity of the infrared light is weakened after the absorption of carbon monoxide in the smoke;
said receiving unit (13): infrared light transmitted from a chimney (3) of the heating furnace sequentially passes through a filtering gas pool (4), an optical filter (5), a convex lens (6) and a detector (7), and the light path of the infrared light is on the same axis with the light path (8) of an emission unit (12); said control unit (14): the device is connected to a transmitting unit (12) and a receiving unit (13) through a connecting cable (15), the working current intensity of an infrared laser light source (1), the revolution number of a chopper (2), the revolution number of a filtering gas pool (4) and the output voltage signal intensity of a detector (7) are monitored, the laser intensities of a nitrogen gas pool and a carbon monoxide gas pool of the filtering gas pool (4) are converted, then the carbon monoxide concentration in flue gas is calculated, and a current signal of a measuring result can be output in real time so as to monitor and adjust the combustion state of a heating furnace; the purge unit (16): instrument wind is introduced from an inlet (17), after the pressure is adjusted, the surface of the light-transmitting wafer (9) is swept through a sweeping pipeline (18), and positive pressure is realized for a transmitting unit (12) and a receiving unit (13) through a positive pressure pipeline (19); the filtering gas pool comprises a gas pool gland screw, a gland, a silica gel gasket, a calcium fluoride window, a sealing ring, a pool body, an air inlet sealing screw, a separating beam, a nitrogen gas pool and a carbon monoxide gas pool; the filtering gas pool body is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into two parts along the axial direction of the cylinder through a separating beam, wherein one side of the filtering gas pool is a nitrogen gas pool, and the other side of the filtering gas pool is a carbon monoxide gas pool; sealing ring grooves are formed in the two axial ends of the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank, the sealing rings are arranged in the sealing ring grooves, the calcium fluoride window is arranged on the sealing rings, the silica gel gasket is arranged on the calcium fluoride window, the part of the silica gel gasket corresponding to the interior of the gas tank is in a hollow design, and the gland, the silica gel gasket and the calcium fluoride window are arranged on the tank body of the gas tank through gland screws; the centers of the side walls of the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank are both provided with gas inlets, and the gas inlets are sealed by adopting gas inlet sealing screws and sealing rings after the nitrogen gas tank and the carbon monoxide gas tank are filled with corresponding gases; one axial end of the filtering gas pool is arranged in the ball bearing, and the other end of the filtering gas pool is required to be provided with a belt driven by a motor, so that the filtering gas pool can rapidly and freely rotate along the axis, and the gas pool can rapidly rotate at the rotating speed of 4-12 r/s; the diameter of an infrared laser spot emitted by the infrared laser light source is about one third of the narrowest width of each gas pool, and in the rotating process of the gas pools, the infrared laser spot can only pass through one gas pool at a time and continuously passes through the two gas pools in turn.
2. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the infrared laser light source adopts a quantum cascade laser.
3. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the transparent wafer, the optical filter and the convex lens are all made of single crystal calcium fluoride materials with good light transmission near the mid-infrared wave band.
4. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the filtering gas pool body is made of aluminum alloy materials with light weight and high hardness.
5. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the calcium fluoride window of the filtering gas pool adopts a single crystal calcium fluoride crystal with good light transmission at a waveband near 4.65 micrometers.
6. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the sealing rings are all O-shaped fluororubber sealing rings with high temperature resistance and excellent sealing performance.
7. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the purging unit adopts instrument wind, purges the interiors of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit through a current pipeline by setting the flow and the pressure, enables the internal pressure to reach the design requirement of 100Pa, indicates the internal pressure state through a differential pressure switch, and controls the running state of an instrument; and clean gas is used for blowing between the light-transmitting wafer and the interface flange through the blowing pipeline, so that the light-transmitting wafer is prevented from being polluted.
8. The on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: when the nitrogen gas tank is inflated, the air inlet sealing screw on the nitrogen gas tank is detached, the nitrogen gas tank and the air inlet sealing screw are placed into a glove box with nitrogen atmosphere, air in the nitrogen gas tank is thoroughly removed in a vacuumizing mode, then the nitrogen gas tank is filled with nitrogen under the conditions of set temperature and set air pressure, and then the air inlet sealing screw and the sealing ring are placed into an air inlet of the nitrogen gas tank together, so that the nitrogen gas tank is completely sealed.
9. A method of installing the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer as set forth in claim 1, comprising: (1) punching holes on two radial sides of a chimney of the cylindrical tubular heating furnace, welding mounting flanges of an online carbon monoxide analyzer on the two sides, and respectively mounting the transmitting unit and the receiving unit on the chimney through flanges; (2) the infrared laser light signal received by the high-speed photoelectric detector is strongest by adjusting the angle of the laser emitted from the infrared laser light source; (3) connecting positive pressure pipelines and purging pipelines of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to the purging unit, and connecting high-pressure air to the purging unit to enable the air pressure inside the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to be more than 200Pa higher than the external air pressure, so that the explosion-proof requirement is met; (4) the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are connected to a control unit installed in the control room through signal cables.
10. A heating furnace combustion control system, comprising the on-line carbon monoxide analyzer and oxygen sensor of any claim 1 to 8, a heating furnace and a heating furnace control system DCS; the heating furnace is sequentially provided with a flue, a flue baffle, a convection chamber, a radiation chamber and an air door baffle from top to bottom; the online carbon monoxide analyzer, the oxygen sensor and the heating furnace control system DCS are mutually connected, the online carbon monoxide analyzer is arranged on a flue of the heating furnace, the oxygen sensor is arranged on the upper part of a convection chamber of the heating furnace, and the carbon monoxide content and the oxygen content are respectively monitored; the heating furnace control system DCS is mutually connected with the oxygen sensor, the flue baffle and the air door baffle, the oxygen content in the heating furnace is monitored in real time, and the heating furnace control system DCS monitors and controls the states of the flue baffle and the air door baffle.
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| CN110174370A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-27 | 宁波市环境监测中心 | A kind of multi-functional carbon monoxide detection system |
| US11873764B2 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2024-01-16 | General Electric Company | Hazardous gas monitoring system |
| CN116380740B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-08 | 江苏省环境监测中心 | Waste gas concentration detection mechanism and use method thereof |
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