CN108870799B - Radiation refrigeration particle and steam condensation recovery device - Google Patents
Radiation refrigeration particle and steam condensation recovery device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108870799B CN108870799B CN201710333527.XA CN201710333527A CN108870799B CN 108870799 B CN108870799 B CN 108870799B CN 201710333527 A CN201710333527 A CN 201710333527A CN 108870799 B CN108870799 B CN 108870799B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
- F25B23/003—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of vapor recovery, and discloses radiation refrigeration particles and a vapor condensation recovery device. The vapor condensation recovery device comprises a vapor condensation cavity and the radiation refrigeration particles. The vapor condensation chamber is filled with a medium in which radiation refrigeration particles are suspended for condensing vapor in the medium. The invention can utilize radiation heat exchange to quickly release the latent heat of condensation to the external environment and condense vapor with high efficiency under the conditions of no additional energy input and no adsorbent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vapor recovery, in particular to a radiation refrigeration particle and vapor condensation recovery device.
Background
Most of newly-added coal-fired units in China are built in western coal producing areas which are water-deficient areas, and how to build large-scale coal-electricity bases in the water-deficient areas is a troublesome problem in front of energy workers. After an air condenser is actively added to a newly built unit of a coal-fired power plant in a water-deficient area in China, the water consumption of the power plant is greatly reduced. However, the steam discharged by the 1 600MW unit through the chimney is about 300t/h, the annual water discharge is about 150 million t, and the water consumption is still quite remarkable. If the water in the chimney can be recycled and recycled, the construction of coal-electricity bases in China can be powerfully supported, and the method has great social significance for environment-friendly and resource-saving construction in China.
In the coastal region of the eastern part of China, the seawater resources are rich, and seawater desalination is considered to be one of the important ways for solving the problem of shortage of the freshwater resources. In the common seawater desalination technology, the condensation recovery rate of steam is one of the important factors influencing the water yield. If the vapor after seawater evaporation can be efficiently condensed and recovered, the development of a seawater desalination technology can be greatly promoted, and the method has important significance for solving the problem of fresh water resources.
At present, the moisture condensation method in the flue gas or the water vapor mainly comprises an electric refrigeration condensation method and an adsorbent adsorption method. The electric refrigeration condensation method is a refrigeration method based on a thermoelectric phenomenon, and two different conductive materials are connected with each other to form a closed circuit, and then direct current is introduced to generate two connection points with different temperatures. Wherein the cold end production of the conductive material can be used for the condensation of water vapor. Whereas the adsorbent adsorption method adsorbs water vapor by using a prescribed adsorbent, gradually enlarging liquid droplets, and causing the vapor to condense.
The electric refrigeration condensation method needs to consume a large amount of electric energy to take away heat of steam, and the adsorbent adsorption method has high requirement on the efficiency of the adsorbent, and the adsorbent is harmful to human bodies and the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a radiation refrigeration particle and steam condensation recovery device, which can quickly release the latent heat of condensation to the external environment by utilizing radiation heat exchange under the conditions of no additional energy input and no adsorbent, and efficiently condense steam.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a radiation refrigeration particle, which is made at least partially of a radiation refrigeration material, and is suspended in a medium in use for condensing vapor in the medium.
The invention also provides a vapor condensation recovery device which comprises a vapor condensation cavity and the radiation refrigeration particles.
The vapor condensation chamber is filled with a medium in which radiation refrigeration particles are suspended for condensing vapor in the medium.
In the invention, the radiation refrigeration particles can realize steam condensation on the premise of no need of electric energy consumption and no need of adsorbent adsorption, so that compared with the prior art, the defects of high energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by an electric refrigeration condensation method and an adsorbent adsorption method are overcome.
In conventional convective heat transfer, there is a large thermal resistance as the heat passes through the film of condensed water and the air film that may be present in the vapor. The radiation refrigeration particles provided by the invention provide the temperature difference required by steam condensation by utilizing the radiation refrigeration principle, so that the heat released by condensation can directly and rapidly exchange heat with the outside, and the steam condensation is promoted, thereby having better heat exchange performance. Obviously, in the present invention, a large amount of suspended particles are used, and therefore, the specific surface area is large and the coagulation area is large. The mass transfer performance and the condensation efficiency are better.
Preferably, the radiation refrigerating particles comprise:
a condensed liquid made of a radiation refrigerating material;
a lyophobic body connected with the condensed liquid and made of lyophobic material;
the average density of the lyophobic liquid is greater than the average density of the congealed liquid.
By arranging the condensed liquid and the lyophobic liquid, the total density of the radiation refrigeration particles is similar to the density of the medium by adjusting the volume-weight ratio of the condensed liquid to the lyophobic liquid, so that the radiation refrigeration particles are suspended in the medium conveniently. In addition, the average density of the lyophobic liquid is larger than that of the condensed liquid, so that the lyophobic liquid is always positioned below the condensed liquid in the suspension process of the radiation refrigeration particles, and the condensed vapor is easy to drop through the lyophobic liquid. In the invention, as the average density of the lyophobic liquid is greater than that of the condensed liquid, the condensed liquid is always upward, so that the contact between the radiation refrigerating material and the bottom of the vapor condensation cavity can be avoided, and the abrasion of the radiation refrigerating material is reduced.
Further, preferably, the lyophobic liquid is connected to the liquid condensate by a wire.
The condensed liquid and the lyophobic liquid are connected by the silk thread, and the exposed surface area of the condensed liquid and the lyophobic liquid is larger than that of the direct connection of the condensed liquid and the lyophobic liquid. The liquid drops formed on the condensed liquid can flow to the lyophobic liquid along the silk thread, which is more beneficial to the collection of the condensed liquid.
Further, preferably, the lyophobic liquid is a sphere or a cone with a downward tip.
The shapes of the sphere and the cone are easy to process and manufacture. In addition, the conical structure with the downward tip can further reduce the residue of the liquid drops on the surface of the lyophobic liquid, so that the liquid drops can slide off more smoothly.
Further, preferably, the radiation refrigerating particles further include charged particles disposed on a surface of the condensed liquid, the charged particles serving to keep the radiation refrigerating particles in a suspended state by an external electric field.
By providing charged particles, the radiation refrigerating particles can be kept in a suspended state by means of an external electric field, thereby reducing the density requirement on the radiation refrigerating particles and also reducing the sensitivity to medium density variation. In addition, the suspension motion of the radiation refrigeration particles can be adjusted by adjusting the electric field intensity, so that the application scene of the medium density in dynamic change can be better adapted.
Therefore, when charged fine particles are provided, it is preferable that the vapor condensation recovery device further comprises an electric field generator, and an electric field generated by the electric field generator acts on the charged particles to keep the radiation refrigeration particles (1) in a suspended state.
In addition, the condensed liquid is preferably hollow inside and formed with an air-filled cavity.
The condensed liquid forming the aeration cavity has larger surface area, and can better condense vapor. Further, by filling the gas into the condensed liquid, the density of the condensed liquid can be adjusted according to the state of the medium, and further the buoyancy to which the condensed liquid is subjected can be adjusted. The invention enables the radiation refrigeration particles to be suspended in the steam environment in the inflation cavity through the buoyancy of the condensed liquid, does not need to input extra energy, and has the energy-saving effect.
Further, preferably, the radiation refrigeration particles further comprise charged particles, the charged particles are arranged in the gas-filled cavity, and the charged particles are used for keeping the radiation refrigeration particles in a suspension state under the action of an external electric field.
Compared with the method for placing the charged particles on the surface of the condensed liquid, when the charged particles are arranged in the condensed liquid, connection between the charged particles and the condensed liquid does not need to be specially constructed, and the problems of connection strength and charged particle shedding do not need to be considered, so that the method is simple in process and lower in cost. In addition, when the charged particles are arranged in the condensed liquid, the charged particles rise upwards under the action of an external electric field and press the inner surface of an inflation cavity formed by the condensed liquid, so that the condensed liquid is forced to deform into a water drop shape with a sharp upper part and a round lower part, and the downward flow of liquid drops formed by condensing steam is facilitated.
Preferably, a baffle plate is provided at the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber, and the baffle plate is inclined to one side to form a height difference. Because of the height difference, the liquid dropping after condensation is collected to the side with lower height, which is more beneficial to the recovery of the liquid.
Preferably, a cover plate is provided on the top of the vapor condensation chamber, and the cover plate is a transparent cover plate.
By means of the transparent cover plate with good permeability to the atmospheric window wave band, heat can be transferred to an absolute zero region of an outer layer of the universe through infrared radiation of the atmospheric window wave band, so that the temperature in the steam condensation cavity is reduced, and a better radiation refrigeration effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a fourth embodiment of a radiant refrigeration particle of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fifth embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a sixth embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a seventh embodiment of a radiant refrigerant particle of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a vapor condensation recovery apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a vapor condensation recovery apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a vapor condensation recovery apparatus according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a vapor condensation recovery apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-radiating refrigeration particles; 11-a condensed liquid; 12-lyophobic; 13-a silk thread; 14-charged microparticles; 15-an inflation cavity; 2-a vapor condensation chamber; 21-a vapor inlet; 22-a vapor outlet; 23-a cover plate; 24-a baffle; 25-condensate outlet; 3-electric field generator.
Detailed Description
Implementation mode one
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1, see fig. 1, the radiation refrigerating particle 1 being at least partly made of a radiation refrigerating material, in use suspended in a medium, for condensing vapour in the medium.
The radiation refrigeration material is a material which can transmit heat of a heat source to an outer space cold source through an atmospheric window of infrared radiation by utilizing infrared radiation. The refrigeration principle is similar to the natural refrigeration principle of the earth.
Those skilled in the art know that the 200petawatts of energy that the earth absorbs from the sun every day is ultimately delivered radiatively to space near absolute zero to maintain its own temperature in equilibrium over a range.
And the radiation refrigeration material can radiate energy outwards in the form of infrared electromagnetic waves so as to achieve a similar refrigeration effect. Specifically, the radiation refrigeration material can radiate energy outwards in the form of infrared electromagnetic waves so as to achieve the refrigeration effect. Moreover, the emission channel of the material is 8-14 micron wavelength band, and the infrared emissivity in the wavelength band is as high as 0.93, which is close to an ideal black body. Since this wavelength band is the atmospheric window of infrared radiation, there is hardly any resistance to the energy of this wavelength band to the earth's atmosphere. That is, the emitted heat is hardly "converted and digested" by reflection, absorption, and scattering by the atmosphere, but passes directly through the atmosphere and into outer space. In a descriptive sense, this material is the energy transfer path for the room temperature environment in which humans reside and the extreme cold environment of outer space. If a layer of aluminum film with the thickness of 200nm is plated on the back surface of the material, the solar energy reflectivity can be up to 96%, and the refrigeration effect is further improved. Theoretically, the temperature difference between the radiation refrigeration material and the environment can reach 60 ℃, and based on the existing research and experiments, the material has radiation refrigeration power of up to 93W/square meter under direct sunlight at noon, can generate temperature difference of about 15-20 ℃ with the environment at night, and can generate temperature difference of about 5 ℃ in the daytime, so that objects in contact with the material can be rapidly cooled, and sufficient temperature difference conditions are provided for condensation of steam.
The radiation refrigerating material can be SiO in terms of chemical composition2、HfO2Or is TiO2And the like, and in particular, polymethylpentene (TPX) as a substrate, and micron-sized SiO randomly arranged in the substrate2The structure of a sphere.
In terms of microstructure, the surface of the radiation refrigeration particle 1 may exhibit a layered or spherical distribution on a micrometer or nanometer scale, and the surface of the radiation refrigeration particle 1 may be roughened to enhance the heat and mass transfer performance.
Whereas the radiation refrigerating particles 1 can be made into various shapes in terms of macrostructure, as shown in fig. 1, and can be spherical, cylindrical, conical, and the like. Among them, a spherical shape in which water droplets are more likely to drip after condensation is preferable.
In the invention, the radiation refrigeration particles 1 can be used for realizing vapor condensation without electric energy consumption and adsorbent adsorption, so that compared with the prior art, the defects of high energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by an electric refrigeration condensation method and an adsorbent adsorption method are overcome.
In conventional convective heat transfer, there is a large thermal resistance as the heat passes through the film of condensed water and the air film that may be present in the vapor. The radiation refrigeration particles 1 provided by the invention provide the temperature difference required by steam condensation by utilizing the radiation refrigeration principle, so that the heat released by condensation can directly and rapidly exchange heat with the outside, the steam condensation is promoted, and the radiation refrigeration particles have better heat exchange performance. Obviously, in the present invention, a large amount of suspended particles are used, and therefore, the specific surface area is large and the coagulation area is large. The mass transfer performance and the condensation efficiency are better.
Second embodiment
A second embodiment of the invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1. The second embodiment is a further improvement of the first embodiment, and the main improvement is that, in the second embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the radiation refrigeration particle 1 includes:
a condensed liquid 11 made of a radiation refrigerating material;
a lyophobic liquid 12 connected with the condensate liquid 11 and made of lyophobic material;
the average density of the lyophobic liquid 12 is greater than the average density of the condensed liquid 11.
As shown in fig. 2, the shape of the condensate 11 is not particularly limited, and is preferably a sphere having the largest surface area. The lyophobic 12 may be spherical in shape, which is relatively easy to manufacture.
The lyophobic material 12 may be selected from various materials according to the kind of the medium. For example, when the medium is water vapor, the lyophobic liquid 12 may be made of a compound having no hydrophilic group, like polytetrafluoroethylene, so as to have hydrophobicity for facilitating the flow and dripping of condensed water.
By providing the condensed liquid 11 and the lyophobic liquid 12, the overall density of the radiation refrigeration particle 1 and the density of the medium can be made to be similar by adjusting the volume-to-weight ratio of the condensed liquid and the lyophobic liquid, so that the radiation refrigeration particle 1 can be suspended in the medium. In addition, the average density of the lyophobic liquid 12 is greater than the average density of the condensed liquid 11, so that the lyophobic liquid 12 is always positioned below the condensed liquid 11 in the suspension process of the radiation refrigeration particles 1, and the condensed vapor is easy to drop through the lyophobic liquid 12. In the present invention, since the average density of the lyophobic liquid 12 is larger than the average density of the condensed liquid 11 so that the position of the condensed liquid 11 is always upward, the abrasion of the radiation refrigerating material can be reduced.
Third embodiment
A third embodiment of the invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1. The third embodiment is a further improvement of the second embodiment, and the main improvement is that, in the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, further, in the present embodiment, the lyophobic liquid 12 is connected with the congealable liquid 11 by the thread 13.
The condensed liquid 11 and the lyophobic liquid 12 are connected by the thread 13, and the exposed surface area of the condensed liquid 11 and the lyophobic liquid 12 can be larger than that of the direct connection of the two. The liquid drops formed on the condensed liquid 11 can flow to the lyophobic liquid 12 along the silk threads 13, and the collection of the condensed liquid is more facilitated.
In addition, the flexible connection of the wires 13 can also better ensure that the relative position of the lyophobic liquid 12 is always below the condensed liquid 11, so that the stability of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 is improved.
Embodiment IV
A fourth embodiment of the invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1. The fourth embodiment is different from the second and third embodiments mainly in that in the second and third embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the lyophobic liquid 12 is a sphere; in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the lyophobic liquid 12 is a cone with a downward tip.
With the tapered structure with the downward tip, the residue of the liquid droplet on the surface of the lyophobic liquid 12 can be further reduced, so that the liquid droplet can slide more smoothly.
Fifth embodiment
A fifth embodiment of the invention provides a radiant refrigerant particle 1. The fifth embodiment is a further improvement of any one of the first to fourth embodiments, and is mainly improved in that, in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the radiation refrigeration particle 1 further includes a charged fine particle 14, the charged fine particle 14 is disposed on the surface of the condensed liquid 11, and the charged fine particle 14 is used to keep the radiation refrigeration particle 1 in a suspended state under the action of an external electric field.
By providing charged particles, the radiation refrigerating particles 1 can be kept in a suspended state by means of an external electric field, thereby reducing the density requirement on the radiation refrigerating particles 1 and also reducing the sensitivity to medium density variations. In addition, since the suspension motion of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the electric field intensity, the application scenario when the medium density is dynamically changed can be better adapted.
Sixth embodiment
A sixth embodiment of the invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1. The sixth embodiment is a further modification of any one of the first to fifth embodiments, and is mainly modified in that, in the sixth embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 6, a gas-filled chamber 15 is formed in a hollow manner in a condensed liquid 11.
The condensate 11 forming the plenum 15 has a large surface area to better condense the vapor. Further, by filling the gas into the condensed liquid 11, the density of the condensed liquid 11 can be adjusted according to the state of the medium, and further the buoyancy to which the condensed liquid 11 is subjected can be adjusted. The gas filled may be hydrogen, helium or other low density gas. According to the invention, the radiation refrigeration particles 1 are suspended in the steam environment in the inflatable cavity 15 through the buoyancy of the condensed liquid 11, no additional energy is required to be input, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Seventh embodiment
A seventh embodiment of the invention provides a radiation refrigerating particle 1. The seventh embodiment is a further modification of the sixth embodiment, and is mainly improved in that, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the technical contents of the sixth embodiment and the fifth embodiment are combined.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the radiation refrigeration particle 1 further includes a charged particle 14, the charged particle 14 is disposed in the gas-filled cavity 15, and the charged particle 14 is used for keeping the radiation refrigeration particle 1 in a suspension state under the action of an external electric field.
Compared with the case where the charged microparticles 14 are placed on the surface of the condensed liquid 11, when the charged microparticles 14 are placed in the condensed liquid 11, it is not necessary to specially construct a connection between the charged microparticles 14 and the condensed liquid 11, and it is not necessary to consider the connection strength and the problem of falling off of the charged microparticles 14, so that the process is simple and the cost is low. In addition, when the charged particles 14 are arranged in the condensed liquid 11, the charged particles 14 rise upwards under the action of an external electric field, and press the inner surface of the gas filled cavity 15 formed by the condensed liquid 11, so that the condensed liquid 11 is forced to deform into a water drop shape with a sharp upper part and a round lower part, and the downward flow of liquid drops formed by condensing steam is facilitated.
Embodiment eight
An eighth embodiment of the present invention provides a vapor condensation recovery apparatus. Including the vapor condensation chamber 2 and the radiation refrigeration particles 1 mentioned in any one of the first to seventh embodiments, in the eighth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the vapor condensation chamber 2 is filled with a medium in which the radiation refrigeration particles 1 are suspended for condensing vapor in the medium.
Specifically, referring to fig. 8, the vapor condensation chamber 2 may be provided at a lower portion thereof with a vapor inlet 21 and a condensed liquid outlet 25, and at an upper portion thereof with a vapor outlet 22. The bottom-up movement of vapor in the vapor condensation chamber 2 can result in better suspension of the radiant refrigerant particles 1 in the space.
Referring to fig. 8, the operation principle of the present embodiment is as follows:
the steam enters from the steam inlet 21 at the lower part of the steam condensation chamber 2, so that the steam condensation chamber 2 is filled with the medium. The radiation refrigeration particles 1 are suspended in the vapor condensation cavity 2 by buoyancy, and the radiation refrigeration materials radiate energy outwards, so that the surface temperature of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 is reduced.
When the surface temperature of the radiation refrigerating particle 1 is lowered, the vapor will condense on the surface of the radiation refrigerating particle 1 to form a liquid droplet.
At this time, there are two possible steps for the liquid droplets, one of which is that the liquid droplets are directly dropped from the surface of the radiation refrigerating particles 1 by gravity and dropped on the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber 2;
another possibility is that the condensed liquid, under the influence of gravity, carries the radiation refrigerating particles 1 down to the bottom of the vapour condensation chamber 2, so that the liquid breaks away from the surface of the radiation refrigerating particles 1 under impact.
In either case, the radiation refrigeration particles 1 can be re-suspended in the vapor condensation chamber 2, cyclically condensing and absorbing the vapor.
The liquid collected at the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber 2 will then exit the vapor condensation chamber 2 through the condensate outlet 25 for liquid collection purposes. Excess gas exits the vapor condensation chamber 2 through the vapor outlet 22.
In the present embodiment, by providing a large number of radiant refrigerant particles 1 in the vapor condensation recovery device, the total available surface area for absorbing the condensed vapor can be increased.
By way of example, assuming that the vapor condensation chamber 2 is a cube with a side length of 1m, the available surface area of the radiation-cooled particles 1 is 15mm220 ten thousand radiation refrigeration particles 1 are filled in the steam condensation cavity 2, and account for about one fifth of the space of the whole steam condensation cavity 2, so that the total area of the radiation refrigeration film can reach about 30m2I.e. at 1m3In the cube space, one fifth of particles are arranged in the steam condensation cavity 2 by adopting the device, and the steam condensation area can reach 30m2。
The average radiation refrigeration power of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 in one day is measured by experiments to be 110W/m2Assuming that 1 ten thousand of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 suspended at the topmost layer of the vapor condensation chamber 2 among 20 ten thousand of the radiation refrigeration particles 1 in the vapor condensation chamber 2, the 1 ten thousand radiation refrigeration particles 1 can directly perform radiation heat exchange with the sky, and the total area of the radiation refrigeration film can reach 1.5m2The vapor condensation recovery device provided by the present invention can produce 165W of refrigeration power without any additional energy input, and can radiate about 1.5 × 104kJ of energy a day.
As known to those skilled in the art, the latent heat of vaporization of water at 100 ℃ under one atmosphere (0.1MPa) is 2257.2kJ/kg, and the device can rapidly exchange heat with the outside by radiation within one day from the latent heat released by condensation of about 6kg of water without additional energy input.
In summary, in the present invention, vapor condensation can be achieved without electric energy consumption and without adsorbent adsorption by means of the radiation refrigeration particles 1, and therefore, compared with the prior art, the defects of large energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the electric refrigeration condensation method and the adsorbent adsorption method are overcome.
In conventional convective heat transfer, there is a large thermal resistance as the heat passes through the film of condensed water and the air film that may be present in the vapor. The radiation refrigeration particles 1 provided by the invention provide the temperature difference required by steam condensation by utilizing the radiation refrigeration principle, so that the heat released by condensation can directly and rapidly exchange heat with the outside, the steam condensation is promoted, and the radiation refrigeration particles have better heat exchange performance. Obviously, in the present invention, a large amount of suspended particles are used, and therefore, the specific surface area is large and the coagulation area is large. The mass transfer performance and the condensation efficiency are better.
Ninth embodiment
A ninth embodiment of the present invention provides a vapor condensation recovery apparatus. The ninth embodiment is a further improvement of the eighth embodiment, and is mainly improved in that, in the ninth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, a baffle 24 is provided at the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber 2, and the baffle 24 is inclined to one side to form a height difference.
Because of the height difference, the liquid dropping after condensation is collected to the side with lower height, which is more beneficial to the recovery of the liquid.
In the present embodiment, the baffle plate 24 may be provided with a liquid absorbent layer. As the condensed liquid, under the influence of gravity, carries the radiation refrigeration particles 1 down to the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber 2. The liquid absorption layer allows the baffle plate 24 to rapidly absorb the liquid droplets that have carried the radiation refrigeration particles 1 down to the bottom of the vapor condensation chamber 2, thereby allowing the radiation refrigeration particles 1 to better return to a suspended state.
Of course, the guide plate 24 may also be provided with a lyophobic layer, so that when the liquid drops directly fall off from the surface of the radiation refrigeration particle 1 under the action of gravity and drop on the bottom of the vapor condensation cavity 2, the liquid can be recovered more conveniently.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
A tenth embodiment of the present invention provides a vapor condensation recovery apparatus. The tenth embodiment is a further improvement of the eighth or ninth embodiment, and the main improvement is that, in the tenth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, a cover plate 23 is provided on the top of the vapor condensation chamber 2, and the cover plate 23 is a transparent cover plate.
In the present embodiment, the cover plate 23 on the top of the vapor condensation chamber 2 may be made of a material having a good transmittance for radiation in the 8-14 μm wavelength band, such as a polyethylene film, a polymethylpentene film, a CdS film, a ZnSe film, or the like.
By means of the transparent cover plate with good permeability to the atmospheric window wave band, heat can be transferred to an absolute zero region of an outer layer of the universe through infrared radiation of the atmospheric window wave band, so that the temperature in the steam condensation cavity 2 is reduced, and a better radiation refrigeration effect is achieved.
Description of the invention
An eleventh embodiment of the present invention provides a vapor condensation recovery apparatus. The eleventh embodiment is a further improvement in the eighth to tenth embodiments, and is mainly improved in that, in the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, see fig. 11 for illustration:
the radiation-cooled particle 1 comprises a charged particle 14, the charged particle 14 being disposed within a gas-filled chamber 15.
The charged particles 14 are used to keep the radiating refrigerant particles 1 in suspension under the action of an external electric field.
The vapor condensation recovery device also comprises an electric field generator 3, and an electric field generated by the electric field generator 3 acts on the charged particles to keep the radiation refrigeration particles 1 in a suspension state.
By adjusting the electric field strength of the electric field generator 3, the levitation height of the radiating refrigeration particles 1 can be adjusted. Whether the radiation refrigerating particles 1 are positively or negatively charged should be within the scope of the present invention.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the radiation refrigeration particle 1 disclosed in the present invention is obviously not limited to the application in the two technical fields of coal-fired power generation and seawater desalination, and even not limited to the application in the technical field of water vapor condensation. The solution of the patent can be applied when various liquids need to be condensed by means of steam.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the embodiments described above, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, in actual practice, various changes in form and detail may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A radiation refrigerating granule (1), characterized in that:
the radiation refrigeration particles (1) are at least partially made of radiation refrigeration materials which can radiate energy outwards in the form of infrared electromagnetic waves so as to achieve the refrigeration effect, and are suspended in a medium with the density similar to that of the radiation refrigeration particles when in use, so that vapor in the medium is condensed.
2. A radiation refrigerating particle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: the radiation refrigerating particle (1) comprises:
a condensed liquid (11) made of a radiation refrigerating material;
a lyophobic liquid (12) connected with the condensed liquid (11) and made of lyophobic material;
the average density of the lyophobic liquid (12) is greater than the average density of the congealed liquid (11).
3. A radiation refrigerating particle (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: the condensed liquid (11) is hollow and forms an air-filled cavity (15).
4. A radiation refrigerating particle (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that: the radiation refrigeration particles (1) further comprise charged particles (14), the charged particles (14) are arranged in the gas-filled cavity (15), and the charged particles (14) are used for keeping the radiation refrigeration particles (1) in a suspension state under the action of an external electric field.
5. A radiation refrigerating particle (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lyophobic liquid (12) is connected with the condensed liquid (11) through a silk thread (13).
6. A radiation refrigerating particle (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lyophobic liquid (12) is a sphere or a cone with a downward tip.
7. A vapor condensation recovery device, comprising:
-a vapour condensation chamber (2) and a radiation refrigerating granule (1) according to any of claims 1 to 6;
the vapor condensation cavity (2) is filled with a medium, and the radiation refrigeration particles (1) are suspended in the medium and used for condensing vapor in the medium.
8. The vapor condensation recovery device according to claim 7, characterized in that: a guide plate (24) is arranged at the bottom of the steam condensation cavity (2), and the guide plate (24) inclines to one side to form a height difference.
9. The vapor condensation recovery device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the top of the steam condensation cavity (2) is provided with a cover plate (23), and the cover plate (23) is a transparent cover plate.
10. A vapor condensation recovery device, comprising:
a vapour condensation chamber (2) and a radiation refrigerating granule (1) according to claim 4;
the vapor condensation cavity (2) is filled with a medium, and the radiation refrigeration particles (1) are suspended in the medium and used for condensing vapor in the medium;
the vapor condensation recovery device also comprises an electric field generator (3), and an electric field generated by the electric field generator (3) acts on the charged particles (14) to keep the radiation refrigeration particles (1) in a suspension state.
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