CN103205994A - Moisture capture device - Google Patents
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- CN103205994A CN103205994A CN2013100794285A CN201310079428A CN103205994A CN 103205994 A CN103205994 A CN 103205994A CN 2013100794285 A CN2013100794285 A CN 2013100794285A CN 201310079428 A CN201310079428 A CN 201310079428A CN 103205994 A CN103205994 A CN 103205994A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moisture capture device. The moisture capture device comprises a wave-shaped moisture condensation surface and a water storage device, wherein a radiation refrigeration material serves as a base plate of the moisture condensation surface, protruding portions of the wave-shaped moisture condensation surface are hydrophilic protruding portions, concave portions of the wave-shaped moisture condensation surface are hydrophobic concave portions, the water storage device is arranged at the bottom end of the moisture condensation surface, and droplets are formed by moisture captured by hydrophilic protruding portions, then transferred to hydrophobic concave portions after growing up and transferred to the water storage device along hydrophobic concave portions. The temperature of the condensation surface can be reduced quickly due to the radiation refrigeration material, the moisture in the air is captured by hydrophilic protruding portions and is condensed into droplets, and droplets are transferred to hydrophobic concave portions after growing up and are quickly transferred to the water storage device along hydrophobic concave portions. The device is simple in structure and environment-friendly, can be used in arid areas and semi-arid areas to mitigate the problem of water shortage to a certain extent and can be used in non-arid areas to provide domestic water and production water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steam trap setting, this device can transform into liquid fresh water with airborne steam.
Background technology
Water is Source of life, and it is moistening temporal, does not have life without water, does not also just have all of the mankind.Though the earth is called " water polo ", directly can for the shared ratio of the fresh water of the employed liquid state of the mankind seldom, and along with the fast development of human society, available liquid freshwater resources can not satisfy human wants all the more.
In the face of severe shortage of water resources problem, the mankind have proposed many solutions: recycled for multiple times of desalinization, rain making, water etc.All there is the restriction of different aspect in these technology, such as: desalinize seawater, can only carry out in coastal some areas, in addition the not mature enough cost height of technology; But rain making then must have the cloud layer of rainfall, and not too environmental protection.
Contain many steam in the well-known atmosphere, data shows: the steam total amount in the atmosphere is the octuple of river, the face of land water yield, and steam is ubiquitous, has the place of air that steam is just arranged; In arid, semiarid even desert area, the dew amount that condensation vapor forms usually is several times of natural precipitation amount; Compare serious area in some environment pollutions, the liquid to steam ratio surface water is more clean; When dew point is 20 ℃, absolute humidity α=18.6g/m
3, when dew point is 10 ℃, absolute humidity α=9.4g/m
3, the rate of examining is to the flowability of air, and the amount of the water that can collect still is considerable.Therefore can the steam in the atmosphere be developed.
The method that at present steam in the atmosphere is converted into liquid fresh water mainly contains: electric refrigeration dewfall method, adsorbents adsorb method, poly-mist water-fetching method etc.But there is following shortcoming in these methods: electric refrigeration dewfall method power consumption and efficient are relatively low; The high-efficiency adsorbent that absorption method is used is still waiting exploitation, and the harmful health of liquid adsorbent; Poly-mist water-fetching method only suits to promote in the place of foggy and lack of water.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiency that prior art exists, the present invention proposes does not a kind ofly have energy requirement and supplies with, only relies on the optimum organization of self structure and different qualities material just can catch the environment-friendly type water vapor capture device of steam in the atmosphere.
The mentality of designing of apparatus of the present invention is:
Capture the steam in the atmosphere and make condensation vapor become aqueous water, mainly must satisfy following three conditions: the carrier that 1. condensation vapor is provided; 2. atmospheric temperature reaches below the dew point; 3. Shi Yi surface layer wind speed.For condition 1. the present invention adopt water wetted material as the carrier of condensation vapor, improve condensation efficiency; For condition 2., the present invention adopts the radiation refrigeration material to make the temperature of condensation front fall faster lowlyer; For condition 3., the present invention's wind field of obtaining to suit by structure design.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of steam trap setting comprises waveform condensation vapor face and water storage device, and the condensation vapor face is substrate by the radiation refrigeration material, and the lug boss of waveform condensation vapor face is hydrophilic lug boss, and its low recess is hydrophobic low recess; Water storage device is arranged on condensation vapor face bottom, and the steam that hydrophilic lug boss captures is transferred to hydrophobic low recess after forming the globule, and flow in the water storage device along hydrophobic low recess.Apparatus of the present invention can realize that steam catches, the globule shifts, the globule transmits, the continuous collection process of globule storage.
Above-mentioned radiation refrigeration material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) also is hydrophobic material simultaneously.
Above-mentioned hydrophilic lug boss is covered with the water wetted material layer, and described water wetted material is nano silicon, metal or glass.
Above-mentioned condensation vapor face is hemisphere face or the face of cylinder.
A kind of specific embodiment of the present invention is:
The condensation vapor face is hemisphere face, described hydrophilic lug boss is alternate with hydrophobic low recess to be arranged on the hemisphere face, and an end of hydrophilic lug boss and hydrophobic low recess meets at the hemisphere face summit, and the other end ends at the hemisphere face bottom, and this hemisphere face bottom is provided with the water storage edge of the storage globule.Consider the surface area and the aerodynamic principle that contact with atmosphere, the hemisphere face structure can increase the surface area that contacts with atmosphere, and is attractive in appearance and practical.Wind field is unsettled in the reality, the hemisphere face of axially symmetric structure, not only can adapt to different wind directions and have the effect of regulating wind speed, make the wind speed of whole condensation vapor face more suitable, when steam blows to the condensation front of low temperature, the air-flow that whole hemisphere face can both be contained steam covers, hydrophilic lug boss can fully contact steam, the globule that hydrophilic lug boss condenses is transferred to hydrophobic low recess, hydrophobic low recess can transmit the globule fast can be reduced the globule again be subjected to airflow influence when shifting, thereby improves condensation vapor efficient.
Another kind of the present invention is embodied as:
The condensation vapor face is cylindrical surface structure, described hydrophilic lug boss and alternate being arranged on the face of cylinder of hydrophobic low recess, and hydrophilic lug boss is vertical with the upper and lower bottom surface of this cylindrical surface structure with hydrophobic low recess, and the cylindrical surface structure bottom is provided with water storage device.The cylinder condensation front is axially symmetric structure, can adapt to different wind fields; Condensation front is perpendicular to ground, and the globule that condenses under the effect of gravity shifts quickly, is conducive to improve condensation vapor efficient.
The steam trap setting is a kind of device that airborne steam can be transformed into liquid fresh water.Steam trap setting of the present invention is based on following principle and designs:
1) condensation vapor principle
Condensation vapor is exactly dew in the modal form of occurring in nature.Dew refers at the night of fine, calm or gentle breeze, and the air of ground proximity is subjected to the influence of ground long-wave radiation cooling and cools to below the dew point, and the supersaturation of contained steam part is on ground or the atural object surface globule that condenses and form in the air.
The general condition that condensation vapor takes place is: reach capacity state and the nuclei of condensation that form dewdrop are arranged of surface layer steam; Surface temperature day, temperature was relatively poor big, and temperature drops to below the dew point when condensing; The surface layer wind speed is less.
2) radiation refrigeration principle
Under certain conditions, the heat radiation of radiating body can " not stopped ground " and directly be radiated in the extremely low universe of temperature or the upper atmosphere to go, and radiating body just forms the considerable temperature difference with air like this, thereby reaches high radiation efficiency.This space environment or upper atmosphere with low temperature is heat sink radiation heat transfer mode, is exactly radiation refrigeration.
The cosmic space is near absolute zero, and the temperature of outer atmosphere is also quite low, and therefore for the face of land, sky is a natural huge freezer.Atmosphere has different transmissivities for different wave bands, and the higher wave band of transmissivity is called " atmospheric window ".Atmosphere has a plurality of atmospheric windows, and this section of 8～13um is more special, because the black body radiation energy under the normal temperature mainly concentrates on this.
Night is limited from the radiant power that atmospheric window is transmitted to the face of land, and the face of land is more by the energy of the atmospheric window heavenwards radiation of 8～13um, makes the face of land cool off naturally at night.Adopt the selective spectral radiative material can strengthen the effect of radiation refrigeration, suppose that the body surface on the face of land makes with certain desirable selective radiator, be 1 in 8～13um wave band external reflectance rate, so it just only at 8～13um window in a large number to the outer space radiations heat energy, temperature constantly descends.Studies show that the ideal radiator with this specific character can fall more much lowerly than environment temperature to the temperature of body surface.
3) bionic principle
In its deficient desert area of water electrode, the insect that is grown in the there is evolved out can obtain the ability of water from atmosphere.For example, the mist beetle (claiming black dull beetle again) that washes one's hair of Namibia is exactly that a steam catches the expert.The back of washing one's hair the mist beetle has many back ofs the body peak and ridge, and ridge can pool together small steam to form bigger dew and drip.Reveal and drip accumulation gradually, flow to its face downwards along washing one's hair mist beetle back then.
Wash one's hair the mist beetle and collect structure and the material that the secret of steam is to wash one's hair mist beetle shell on the back.Wash one's hair that the mist beetle has superpower hydrophobicity shell on the back surface and its shell on the back rule of surface ground has been covered with hydrophilic projection, hydrophilic projection is easy to attract condensing of steam, and hydrophobic groove is the easily motion of globule transfer then.
In view of the example of washing one's hair the mist beetle, the present invention adopts the steam trap setting of hydrophilic lug boss and the alternate design of hydrophobic low recess, not only strengthens the seizure amount of steam, and makes the aqueous water that condenses be easy to shift.
The hydrophily of the surface of solids and hydrophobicity mainly are made up of surface chemistry and surface roughness determines jointly.When making waveform condensation vapor face, be substrate with the radiation refrigeration material, its surface chemistry is formed or surface roughness makes its possess hydrophilic property or hydrophobicity by its Surface Machining is changed then.
4) aerodynamic principle
Wind flow to produce owing to air, flows through behind the object (namely streaming) in order to make air, still contacts with body surface, needs appropriate design object profile, and air is flowed through after it, and the distribution of boundary-layer is still very big.In view of the needs of aerodynamic principle and increase condensation vapor face surface area, in order to obtain more excellent condensation vapor effect, preferred version of the present invention has adopted the condensation vapor face of hemispherical or cylindrical surface structure.
Based on above-mentioned four big principles, the steam trap setting should have following performance:
1) good heat-insulating property: the temperature of the material that heat-insulating property is good is not subject to the influence of environment temperature, and this can remain on below the dew point condensation vapor surface temperature as much as possible, thereby improves the collection efficiency of dew.And, can emit heat during steam liquefaction, the material temperature that heat-insulating property is good is not subject to its influence.
2) good radiation refrigeration effect: the material with better radiation refrigeration effect can be by the heat radiation effect of " atmospheric window " wave band, increase the heat loss through radiation power of condensation front, make the temperature of condensation front can fall sooner, lower, thereby promote formation and the maintenance of inversion layer, thereby improve condensation vapor efficient.
3) Bi Yao hydrophily: hydrophily is more strong, and the contact angle of wetting of dew is just more little, and its nucleation rate is just more big, and it is just more fast to reveal the growth rate of dripping, and the dew amount of formation is just more more.
4) Bi Yao hydrophobicity: rough surface and the contact angle of wetting of condensation front that covers hydrophobicity activation film are up to 180 degree, and steam can be coated over the gas-insulated of the plane of condensing, and be difficult for producing dew, but the good globule that is conducive to condense shifts.Hydrophily can increase the dew amount, but is unfavorable for the transfer of condensing dew, so condensation vapor face of the present invention adopts the alternate layout of water wetted material and hydrophobic material.
4) rational contour structures: the needs in view of aerodynamic principle and increase condensation vapor face surface area need appropriate design object profile, to obtain more excellent condensation vapor effect.
The present invention proposes a kind of condensation vapor device of realizing artificial high-efficiency vapor conversion.Simple in structure, the environmental protection of apparatus of the present invention need not to consume energy and can convert the steam in the atmosphere to aqueous water, meets the themes of the times of low-carbon (LC) sustainable development.
Compare with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics:
1, apparatus of the present invention obtain valuable liquid fresh water by the steam in the invert atmosphere, and the new way that solves a water resource difficult problem is provided;
2, the present invention is with radiation refrigeration material, hydrophilic material and hydrophobic material optimum organization, the radiation refrigeration material is used for reducing the temperature of condensation front, hydrophilic material is used for catching airborne steam, hydrophobic material is used for transmitting the globule after condensing, and has improved the condensation efficiency of steam in the atmosphere greatly;
3, preferred version of the present invention has adopted surperficial undulate condensation vapor face, this structure has increased the surface area of the steam that condenses, not only can make the abundant ingress of air of protruding water wetted material, and reduce the globule and when hydrophobic low recess transfer moves, be subjected to airflow influence further to improve the condensation efficiency of steam in the atmosphere.
The present invention has following application prospect:
1, in the NORTHWEST CHINA area, water resource is relatively deficienter, and the water that can supply with the plant growth is considerably less.The present invention can catch steam efficiently under the condition of consumes energy not, and water is stored, and the water of storage can be used to plant trees, the moisture needs that provide sapling to grow up.
2, in arid and desert area, the present invention can collect dew, fog provides a part of living water use for the resident, can alleviate the shortage of water resources situation to a certain extent.
3, the present invention also can be used on the not area of lack of water, for example is used for flowers, the plantation of potted landscape and the cultivation of sapling, reduces the consumption that waters water every day, effectively conserve water resource and reduce management workload.
4, the present invention can provide certain convenience for open-air and marine worker and military aspect.
5, the present invention can be combined to increase range of application of the present invention with the power consumption refrigeration part, in order to clean liquid fresh water is provided fast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of condensation vapor face of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is first kind of specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is second kind of specific embodiment of the present invention.
Among the figure, the hydrophilic lug boss of 1-, the hydrophobic low recess of 2-, 3-water storage device.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is this concrete schematic diagram of implementing waveform condensation vapor face, hydrophilic lug boss 1 and the 2 alternate settings of hydrophobic low recess.Hydrophilic lug boss is covered with the water wetted material layer and is used for catching airborne steam; Hydrophobic low recess is used for shifting the steam that hydrophilic lug boss captures because of its hydrophobicity.
Fig. 2 is preferred version of the present invention, and wherein, the condensation vapor face is shaped as corrugated hemisphere face, is condensation vapor face substrate with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) be hydrophobic material be again the radiation refrigeration material; The hydrophilic lug boss of condensation vapor face is covered with the water wetted material layer, and the hydrophilic coating that adopts in this concrete enforcement is the nanometer titanium dioxide silicon coating of XZ-GT01 model.Be provided with a circle water storage edge along this hemisphere face structure lower edge, this water storage can also increase stability and the aesthetic property of this device along the air characteristics that does not only influence the condensation vapor face.Under proper condition, reduce condensation vapor face surface temperature and reach below the dew point by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) radiation refrigeration material, steam in the atmosphere is in the water wetted material surface condensation of projection, after the globule reaches certain volume, under the gravity effect, transfer to hydrophobic low recess, and flow in the water storage edge by hydrophobic low recess.
The condensation vapor face aerodynamic characteristic of above-mentioned hemisphere face structure, this structure has increased the surface area of condensation vapor face, is conducive to heat loss through radiation, and both artistic and practical.This hemisphere face structure has the following advantages: wind field is unsettled in the reality, the hemisphere face of axially symmetric structure, not only can adapt to different wind directions and have the effect of regulating wind speed, make the wind speed of whole condensation vapor face more suitable, when steam blows to the condensation front of low temperature, the air-flow that whole hemisphere face can both be contained steam covers, hydrophilic lug boss can fully contact steam, the globule that hydrophilic lug boss condenses is transferred to hydrophobic low recess, hydrophobic low recess can reduce the globule again and be subjected to airflow influence when shifting, thereby improves condensation vapor efficient.
This example has been selected the matrix material of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the condensation vapor face, this material is double as hydrophobic material and radiation refrigeration material simultaneously, and water wetted material evenly is coated in the bossing of condensation vapor face, described water wetted material adopts the nanometer titanium dioxide silicon coating of XZ-GT01 model.
That polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has is corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, nontoxic, be difficult for characteristics such as aging.The more important thing is that ptfe surface is quite smooth, surface tension is very little, and also has stronger radiation refrigeration effect, and the temperature difference of the refrigeration space of PTFE and environment reaches 30 ℃ in the ideal case.The characteristic of PTFE is conducive to the collection with dew of condensing of steam in the atmosphere, because the strong-hydrophobicity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is conducive to the globule that catches is transferred to captation.
Fig. 3 is the another kind of specific embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.Condensation vapor face among Fig. 3 is cylindrical surface structure, is arranged on the face of cylinder between hydrophilic lug boss and hydrophobic low recess homogeneous phase, and hydrophilic lug boss is vertical with the upper and lower bottom surface of this cylindrical surface structure with hydrophobic low recess.Be condensation vapor face substrate with the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the hydrophilic lug boss of condensation vapor face is covered with the water wetted material layer, and the hydrophilic coating that adopts in this concrete enforcement is the nanometer titanium dioxide silicon coating of XZ-GT01 model.Cylindrical surface structure has the following advantages: condensation front is axially symmetric structure, can adapt to different wind directions; Condensation front is perpendicular to ground, and the globule that condenses under the effect of gravity shifts quickly, is conducive to improve condensation vapor efficient.
Carry out condensation vapor test, test period with device shown in Figure 3: in July, 2011 day 20:00, weather: cloudless, temperature: 28 ℃, humidity: 85%.Experimental facilities is placed on the open vacant lot, the temperature of the condensation vapor face of device is the same with temperature during beginning, the temperature of condensation vapor face is lower than 4.3 ℃ of temperature after 40 minutes, and the hydrophilic lug boss at experimental facilities begins to produce moisture film, and forming the globule also slowly grows up, after globule diameter reaches about 2.3mm, namely tumble to hydrophobic low recess, and be transferred to water storage device.
By above-mentioned experiment as can be seen, under field conditions (factors), the temperature of condensation vapor face is brought down below 4.3 ℃ of environment temperatures soon, and namely the condensation vapor face of apparatus of the present invention can reach below the dew point very soon, thereby can realize efficient moisturizing.
Claims (7)
1. steam trap setting is characterized in that:
Comprise waveform condensation vapor face and water storage device, the condensation vapor face is substrate by the radiation refrigeration material, and the lug boss of waveform condensation vapor face is hydrophilic lug boss, and its low recess is hydrophobic low recess; Water storage device is arranged on condensation vapor face bottom, and the steam that hydrophilic lug boss captures is transferred to hydrophobic low recess after forming the globule, and flow in the water storage device along hydrophobic low recess.
2. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described radiation refrigeration material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
3. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described hydrophilic lug boss is covered with the water wetted material layer.
4. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described water wetted material is nano silicon, metal or glass.
5. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described condensation vapor face is hemisphere face or the face of cylinder.
6. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that:
The condensation vapor mask body of described hemisphere face structure is:
Hydrophilic lug boss is alternate with hydrophobic low recess, and to be arranged on the radiation refrigeration material be on the waveform hemisphere face of substrate, and an end of hydrophilic lug boss and hydrophobic low recess meets at the hemisphere face summit, the other end ends at the hemisphere face bottom, and this hemisphere face bottom is provided with the water storage edge of the storage globule.
7. steam trap setting as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that:
The condensation vapor mask body of described cylindrical surface structure is:
Hydrophilic lug boss is alternate with hydrophobic low recess, and to be arranged on the radiation refrigeration material be on the waveform face of cylinder of substrate, and hydrophilic lug boss is all vertical with the upper and lower bottom surface of this cylindrical structural with hydrophobic low recess.
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| CN2013100794285A CN103205994A (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | Moisture capture device |
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| CN104445042A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Fog collection composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104759439A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-08 | 刘荣山 | Automatic cleaning device and method for lens of outdoor optical facility |
| CN105275051A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉大学 | Air condensed water collector |
| CN106284509A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of fresh water collecting device on high salt high heat island, the wet South Sea |
| CN106347845A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-25 | 季德贵 | Bucket for condensated water collection capability |
| CN106638776A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-05-10 | 季德贵 | Portable fresh water collecting device |
| CN106892399A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of bionical moisture condensation and collection structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN107219093A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-09-29 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of air dewfall laden water collecting device |
| CN107271224A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-20 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of inverted pyramid formula air dewfall laden water collecting device |
| CN108758580A (en) * | 2018-05-05 | 2018-11-06 | 刘康 | A kind of radiator for lighting apparatus and computer |
| CN108870799A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江大学 | Radiation refrigeration particle and devaporation recyclable device |
| CN109235544A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-18 | 北京理工大学 | Lightweight is catchmented and the bionic device and preparation method thereof of spontaneous transport |
| CN109612153A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-12 | 宁波瑞凌辐射制冷科技有限公司 | A kind of condensed water collecting device using radiation refrigeration technology |
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| CN110169289A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | A kind of greenhouse condensation vapor irrigation system based on radiation refrigeration principle |
| WO2019186532A1 (en) * | 2018-03-25 | 2019-10-03 | Haeyoung Park | Devices and methods for collecting and irrigating water for plant growth in dry regions |
| CN111576552A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 西安理工大学 | Condensation and condensation water generator |
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Application publication date: 20130717 |