CN108868788A - A kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel, belong to Tunnel Engineering technical field, and scheme of the invention is：Before excavating Super Long Tunnel using shield machine, it first introduces maturation " Snake " drilling technique used in oil exploitation and makes improvements perfect, more are segmented, from ground face-down orientation, positioning along the line, then turn back and drill along Super Long Tunnel direction, the geological structure information on acquisition Super Long Tunnel route；Again by the tunnel geology tectonic information to the soil matter on route, rubble, water channel solution cavity hole, locally red-hot rock stratum etc. many " problem tunnel construction sections ", or injection cement slurry, carry out part " modification " sealing and curing or laterally change its course avoidance or the diversion preparatory technology construction processing such as thermally conductive, " severe " factor that may cause many unfavorable shield-tunneling constructions such as permeable, collapsing, high fever in shield machine construction to be excluded in advance；Ensure that shield function always works under the working condition stablized and favorably constructed, ensures shield-tunneling construction efficiency to the maximum extent.

Description

A kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel, belong to Tunnel Engineering technical field.

Technical background

See that multiple academicians of national project institute talk the red flag river engineering proposal situation of XiXia Characters in news, this imply that Country may prepare to consider western line " red flag river " water diversion project starting problem, we shake puts forth energy very much, if red flag river engineering can set up the project in fact It applies, will be the unique maximum water project in the another item world of China, benefit the nation and the people, benefit Chinese our children and our children's children, it is red Flag river designs that water diversion is very big, and length that is also more much bigger than the Yellow River, flowing through on the way is also longer than the Yellow River, and overall length is close to China The length in the Changjiang river, middle reaches can large area irrigation be local, solves the problems, such as the agricultural irrigation of northwest arid area, and downstream is folded to Tarim Basin Basin, along basin southeastern edge, southwester edge trickles naturally, the achievable full region cover type in Tarim Basin is irrigated, boundary in river When, this maximum dead sea of sand of China will gradually evolve into China maximum basin type region of rivers and lakes oasis, and red flag river engineering is even more The world is pioneering, unique control of desert miracle, and the demonstration of " red flag river " water diversion project is very scientific, all using showing There is Chinese mature used engineering technology, takes benefit to keep away disadvantage to the maximum extent, it is many in evading of endangering of project cost, geology etc. Aspect, consideration it is very careful, thoughtful, sufficiently show exclusive superb very intelligent, the national courage and resourcefulness of Chinese and Really Xiang Ling China the people of courage and huge engineering ability, red flag river engineering shakes the good work put forth energy and trusted very much Journey, scheme the factor of every aspect is all considered it is very well, it is almost flawless, in addition to after red flag river, it is how permanent The environmental protection technology problem of Tarim Basin northeast fresh water Lake Water is kept not consider and outer, however, to consider and resolve red The environmental protection technology problem of permanent retention Tarim Basin northeast fresh water Lake Water, builds the excavation of Super Long Tunnel underground river canal behind flag river Construction be it is unavoidable, the excavation of the tunnel underground river canal of nearly 1500 km of length or so, scientific method for digging is extremely important, Although modern tunnel shield machine very section emulates the advanced, when it is in face of comeing up against red-hot rock or hole underground river solution cavity or broken The special geologies section such as aggregate chips water quality location or soil water quality location, just seems quite helpless and helpless, is likely encountered Serious permeable, collapsing, sedimentation, high temperature for occurring etc. can be such that tunneling shield engine efficiency is greatly reduced, or even injure tunneling shield The safety of machine and staff.

Similarly, the tunnel of the slightly long range such as the high-speed rail similar with the above Super Long Tunnel, highway and city underground is repaired Construction is built, above-mentioned soil water quality location, hole underground river solution cavity, stone fragment water quality location, red-hot rock also how much can be equally encountered Equal special geologies section, and then generation serious permeable, collapsing, sedimentation, the high temperature etc. that are likely encountered can make tunneling shield engine efficiency It is greatly reduced, or even injures tunnel shield machine and the safe construction problem of staff.

Summary of the invention

That as the saying goes is good, and sharpening the axe won't interfere with the cutting of firewood, and to resolve the above problem, the invention proposes a kind of Super Long Tunnels Method for digging, including one two natural km numbers and following short-range tunnelling, design one be considered as preferably, away from From shorter tunnel line, tunnel shield machine is directly transferred to carry out tunnelling construction, it is characterised in that：To two or three nature and The tunnelling of the above overlength km number considers the detailed geology detecting information in existing underground in design as far as possible, selects One preferable tunnelling route is first considered before using " karez " formula more shield machines, tunnelings in one line It introduces " Snake " drilling technique mature used in oil exploitation, carry out geological drilling on the spot and modified pre-processing to route； I.e. in more along the line segmentations, from ground face-down orientation, positioning, then turns back, obtains full and accurate geological structure information on tunnel line, When necessary, the conventional probing that certain Local topographies are carried out with second and third secondary enhancement is also needed, find out comprehensively and is grasped is straight on route The information such as diameter number meter even tens of meters of planes, the rock stratum in long solid space, crack, hole solution cavity, soil, rubble；And to it It is proposed the processing scheme of newest detailed tunnel geology tectonic information, it is especially molten to the soil matter on route, rubble, hole " emphasis tunnel problem sections " such as hole, the red-hot rock stratum in part, when first being drilled, being retracted into silt rubble injection cement slurry, Carry out the sealing and curing of part " modification " or the technology construction processing in advance such as avoidance or the thermally conductive blocking of diversion that laterally changes its course, in advance " it is dangerous to dislike matter " factor that many unfavorable shield-tunneling constructions such as permeable, collapsing, high fever may be caused in shield machine construction is excluded； Ensure that shield function always works in similar compact substance rock type " surrounding protection " or " room temperature " compact substance rock have to the maximum extent Under sharp working condition, secondary tunnel line design is re-started, then delivers shield machine and constructs, can ensure that shield is applied in this way The high efficiency of work, high security.

It first needs to improve maturation used in oil exploitation " Snake " drilling technique equipment and perfect, first is that will be mature Acoustic sounding loads in " Snake " drilling technique, and then makes " Snake " in probing boring procedure, can detect The geological structure situation of route surrounding number meter larger space section even in tens of meters of radius, i.e. acquisition tunneling on the way Rock section, shale or rubble section, underground river water channel or hole on route in all several meters tens of meters of radius solid spaces is molten The various architectonic details situations such as hole section, hot rock geothermal area section；Two be exactly that " Snake " drill bit position also has There is the function of controllably energy water-spray type slurry, the outside strand of bying while in case can be competent in drill bit retraction on one side water-spray type slurry is equal with mixing Even " the modified sealing load support of geology " work, specifically：

Shale or rubble section：Along tunnel argillo arenaceous or rubble matter section route outer ring surrounding, by " Snake " in tunnel Solidify drill string shape bus hole on the outside of annulus, from rock end small angle deflection changed course drilling, again obtuse angle along generatrix direction drilling, Enter another rock end up to penetrating shale or rubble location, it is then modified solidified in retraction, i.e., in retraction process, on one side Spray cement slurry is on one side mixed it thoroughly with shale or rubble by drill bit, is formed the modified coagulation cylinder of cylindric bus, is so done circle The modified coagulation cylinder of one of surrounding cylindric bus, two ... a plurality of modified coagulation cylinders of cylindric bus are mutual on ring It is close to sealing, annular shape " concrete type " shale or rubble modified body of " modification " sealing and curing cylinder composition that superposition is formed, Make in original shale or crushed stone, " protection sleeve pipe " that " addition " silt or crushed stone concrete is mutually close to, day backing When structure machine is constructed, modified solidified load pipe can be entered along " protection sleeve pipe " center and carry out shield-tunneling construction, because of the modified solidified load " escorting " shield is played in the harm that pipe can block the mobility of its periphery mud-rock flow or debris flow to construct shield machine workspace The effect of machine.

Underground river water channel or hole solution cavity section：To the biggish limited location in the space of underground karst cavity underground river water channel hole region, By acoustic detection and secondary hardening geological drilling, its more detailed geological information is further found out, and according to these tunnels The full and accurate geological structure information of route surrounding is distinguished the rock texture situation of the left and right horizontal side of shield-tunneling construction route, is repaired again Change design part evade route, drill lines take to the left offset modification or to the right offset modification, make shield machine construction avoid around Cross the super difficulty working condition of " underground river water channel or hole solution cavity ".

Hot rock geothermal area section：The hot rock of underground heat shield machine construction is influenced it is also very big, especially to the influence for the personnel of applying, But people can drill the ground thermal information obtained on tunnel line according to " Snake ", and people can carry out secondary hardening probing, Find out its more detailed geological information, so to pass through the shield-tunneling construction route periphery of localized heat petrographic province, in construction line rock Suitably add hot rock water circulation heat radiation device 10 between the hot rock in stone periphery and lower part, guidance water flow, with water band heat, heat dissipation, to construction Route rock carries out " cooling castration " processing, improves construction working condition, ensures being normally carried out for shield-tunneling construction, tunnel is waited to apply After work completion or the canal water flowing of tunnel underground river, then it is disconnected except localized heat rock water circulation heat radiation device 10, this is the method for " castration " processing One.

To hot rock geothermal area section, there are also methods two：It can be referring to processing underground river water channel or the similar side in hole hole section Method is evaded to the left or to the right, avoids shield machine construction around overheat rock geothermal area section, finding out by side another can evade hot rock Route 11.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the practical probing of tunnel line, obtains geological information process schematic on the spot.

Fig. 2 is tunnel shale or rubble section processing schematic.

Fig. 3 is that tunnel underground river holds hole or processing schematic is evaded in hole hole section.

Fig. 4 is tunnel hot rock geothermal area section processing schematic.

Fig. 5 is that processing schematic is evaded in tunnel hot rock geothermal area section.

Include in above-mentioned figure：Improvement type " Snake " drilling machine 1, tunnel original design route 2, silt geologic structure 3, secretly River or hole solution cavity geologic structure 4, rubble geologic structure 5, hot rock pillar rock texture 6, conventional rock geology structure 7, modified ground Matter structure 8 evades route 9, and hot rock water circulation heat radiation device 10 evades the route (11) of hot rock, and plan tunnel solidifies outer ring 12, Silt crushed stone concrete modified capillary 13, practical shield-tunneling construction route 14.

Embodiment one：Perfect method is improved to " Snake " drilling technique；See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, sees Fig. 3, Fig. 4.

First in the maturation used in oil exploitation " Snake " drilling technique equipment, mature Acoustic sounding is loaded on In " Snake " drilling technique, and then " Snake " probing can be detected into earth drilling route surrounding on the way by pertinent instruments The geological structure situation hired laborer of larger space section records in several meters of even tens of meters of radius, analyzes for technical staff It uses；Again to upper or conveying cement slurry function is loaded on the drill bit of " Snake " drilling technique equipment, to incude when drill bit To the not whole lithosphere of geologic structure for boring control, when shale or rubble construct, drill bit can be made to be folded to week along route In the probing of side, side conveys cement slurry, while mixing soil, silt or rubble with the cement slurry conveyed with uniformly with even mixing, setting Ground is discharged in the part muddy water that swaps out, and the conveying cement slurry in 360 degree of circumference is mixed with uniformly, and by root cylindrical body, modification is pushed away forward Into one, two, three ... are closely mutually abutted against to annulus form, and form one and are greater than plan tunnel solidification outer ring 12 Diameter modified cement slurry appropriate and silt or rubble uniformly mix the super large modified cylindrical body of companion, the cylindrical body both ends and whole rock Rock layers are connected to each other, and are taken in the middle part of cylinder by shield machine when shield-tunneling construction in the future because the cylindrical body is greater than shield machine work face diameter It walks, just hermetically protects shield-tunneling construction not occur permeable or collapse existing greater than the partially modified cylinder that plan tunnel solidifies outer ring 12 The generation of elephant, is shown in Fig. 2.

Embodiment two：A kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel；See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, sees Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5.

A certain large-engineering is needed in one Super Long Tunnel of underground excavation, and designer is according to relevant informations such as existing geology Information carefully devises a set of shield tunnel original design route 2, and is issued relevant physical prospecting department, and the portion is through conscientious After studying carefully, multiple exploration groups are organized, using modified " Snake " drilling technique equipment, a word is arranged on original design route 2 It opens, carries out the property reinforced drilling operation, to find out the practical geology detecting of all fronts on original design route 2, emphasis positioning is original to be set At large information, the pretreatments for after such as soil, silt, tomography, underground river, hole solution cavity, hot rock on meter route 2 provide in detail Real data information, such as original design route 2 last week of number of edges rice or even the geological information of tens of meters of sections and length direction；When necessary The confirmation detection for carrying out local heavier-duty again, will need to carry out the pretreated location of geology and confirms one by one, then deliver design department, Pretreating scheme is planned by it, probing department is relayed to and carries out pretreatment construction.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel, including one two natural km numbers and following short-range tunnelling, design One is considered as preferable, the shorter tunnel line of distance out, and tunnel shield machine is directly transferred to carry out tunnelling construction, special Sign is：Tunnelling to two or three nature and the above overlength km number considers that existing underground is detailed in design as far as possible Geology detecting information, select a preferable tunnelling route, use " karez " formula more shield structures in one line Before machine, tunneling, first considers to introduce " Snake " drilling technique mature used in oil exploitation, route is carried out on the spot Matter probing and modified pre-processing；I.e. in more along the line segmentations, from ground face-down orientation, positioning, then turns back, obtains tunnel line On full and accurate geological structure information also need to carry out certain Local topographies the conventional probing of second and third secondary enhancement when necessary, Find out and grasp on route comprehensively diameter number meter even tens of meters of planes, the rock stratum in long solid space, crack, hole solution cavity, The information such as soil, rubble；And the processing scheme of newest detailed tunnel geology tectonic information is proposed to it, especially on route Soil matter, rubble, hole solution cavity, red-hot rock stratum in part etc. " emphasis tunnel problem section ", to mud when first being drilled, being retracted Injection cement slurry, the sealing and curing for carrying out part " modification " or lateral change its course avoidance or the thermally conductive blocking of diversion etc. are pre- in husky rubble First technology construction processing will may cause many unfavorable shield-tunneling constructions such as permeable, collapsing, high fever in advance in shield machine construction " it is dangerous to dislike matter " factor excludes；Ensure that shield function always works in similar compact substance rock type and " surrounds and protect to the maximum extent Under shield " or the advantageous working condition of " room temperature " compact substance rock, secondary tunnel line design is re-started, then delivers shield machine It constructs, can ensure that high efficiency, the high security of shield-tunneling construction in this way.

2. a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First need to used in oil exploitation at Ripe " Snake " drilling technique equipment improves and perfect, bores first is that mature Acoustic sounding is loaded on " Snake " In spy technology, and then make " Snake " in probing boring procedure, route surrounding number meter even tens of rice half on the way can be detected The geological structure situation of larger space section within the scope of diameter, i.e. all several meters tens of meters of radius solids on acquisition tunneling route Rock section, shale or rubble section, underground river water channel or hole solution cavity section, hot rock geothermal area section in space etc. are variously The details situation that texture is made；Two exactly " Snake " drill bit positions also have the function of controllably energy water-spray type slurry, in case Drill bit can be competent at when bouncing back bys the outside strand with " the modified sealing load support of geology " being uniformly mixed while water-spray type slurry Work.

3. a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that carried out to shale or rubble section Preparatory modification：Along tunnel argillo arenaceous or rubble matter section route outer ring surrounding, solidify annulus in tunnel by " Snake " Outside drill string shape bus hole, the drilling that alters course from a rock end small angle deflection, obtuse angle drills along generatrix direction, up to penetrating again Shale or rubble location enter another rock end, then modified solidified in retraction, i.e., in retraction process, one side spray cement Slurry is on one side mixed it thoroughly with shale or rubble by drill bit, is formed the modified coagulation cylinder of cylindric bus, is so done surrounding on annulus The modified coagulation cylinder of a cylindric bus, two ... a plurality of modified coagulation cylinders of cylindric buses mutually lean on closely Annular shape " concrete type " shale or rubble modified body that " modification " sealing and curing cylinder that envelope, superposition are formed is constituted, make original In shale or crushed stone, " protection sleeve pipe " that " addition " silt or crushed stone concrete is mutually close to, shield machine is applied in the future Working hour can enter modified solidified load pipe along " protection sleeve pipe " center and carry out shield-tunneling construction, because the modified solidified load pipe can hinder The harm that the mobility of its periphery mud-rock flow or debris flow of breaking constructs to shield machine workspace, plays the work of " escorting " shield machine With.

4. a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that underground river water channel or hole solution cavity road Section is evaded：To the biggish limited location in the space of underground karst cavity underground river water channel hole region, pass through acoustic detection and secondary hardening Geological drilling further finds out its more detailed geological information, and according to the full and accurate geological structure of these tunnel line surroundings Information distinguishes the rock texture situation of the left and right horizontal side of shield-tunneling construction route, remodifies design part and evades route, bores Hole route takes offset modification to the left or offset modification to the right, avoids shield machine construction around " underground river water channel or hole are molten The super difficulty working condition in hole ".

5. a kind of method for digging of Super Long Tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that hot rock geothermal area section：Underground heat Hot rock shield machine construction is influenced also very big, especially to the influence for the personnel of applying, but people can drill according to " Snake " The ground thermal information on tunnel line is obtained, people can carry out secondary hardening probing, find out its more detailed geological information, into And to passing through the shield-tunneling construction route periphery of localized heat petrographic province, suitably add heat between the hot rock in construction line rock periphery and lower part Rock water circulation heat radiation device (10), guidance water flow, with water band heat, heat dissipation carry out " cooling castration " processing to construction line rock, Improve construction working condition, ensures being normally carried out for shield-tunneling construction, after waiting constructing tunnel completion or the canal water flowing of tunnel underground river, Break again and remove localized heat rock water circulation heat radiation device (10), this is the method one of " castration " processing；

To hot rock geothermal area section, there are also methods two：Can referring to processing underground river water channel or hole hole section similar approach, to A left side is evaded to the right, avoids shield machine construction around overheat rock geothermal area section, another line that can evade hot rock is found out by side Road (11).