CN108867673A - 一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法 - Google Patents
一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108867673A CN108867673A CN201810604035.4A CN201810604035A CN108867673A CN 108867673 A CN108867673 A CN 108867673A CN 201810604035 A CN201810604035 A CN 201810604035A CN 108867673 A CN108867673 A CN 108867673A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，根据基坑中含水层厚度、基坑实时水位、含水层分布范围平面面积、井点系统的引用半径、基坑涌水量以及一定的安全储备确定出所需降水井数量，并确定降水井井身结构，依据基坑的工程地质条件，对基坑外众多降水井进行合理的平面布置，最后进行管井施工，使降水井一起开始运行，在“抽水帷幕”群井抽水作用下，地下水位得到了有效的降深，使得基坑外地下水对基坑内的补给能力大大降低。由此，“抽水帷幕”的截水效果等同于现有施工中常用的“止水帷幕”。本发明的基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方案可行，结果合理且简单易行，可靠性高，计算成本低，便于推广使用。
Description
一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及“抽水帷幕”地下水治理领域，尤其涉及到一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中 地下水治理方法。
背景技术
[0002]基坑降水是基坑工程中至关重要的一部分。绝大多数基坑工程地下水治理采用降 水法、截水法、集水明排水法均能取得很好的效果。但也有一些工程地质条件、水文地质条 件复杂的基坑，在施工条件的限制下很难取得预期的止水效果。与江水、海水、库水等联系 紧密、涌水量大的基坑工程;基坑下有流沙层，地下水流水量大，无法进行机械或人工成孔， 止水帷幕无法筑成；另外，基坑地质条件复杂，止水帷幕施工在灌浆后，形成固结土体的整 体性、均匀性、抗渗性较差。水泥浆无法很好地和土体、砂砾石结合，形成的止水帷幕不连续 或者有漏洞，根本无法发挥截水作用。因此，研究一种新的地下水处理方案来解决上述工程 问题具有重要意义。
发明内容
[0003]本发明针对现阶段施工都用的是水泥砂浆灌注的实体墙砌筑的止水帷幕来止水 的缺点，提出了一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法。
[0004]所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，抽水帷幕由多个布置在所述基 坑周围的降水井形成，包含以下步骤：
[0005] S1、计算基坑涌水量；
[0006] S2、根据基坑中含水层厚度、基坑实时水位、含水层分布范围平面面积、井点系统 的引用半径及所述基坑涌水量得出所需降水井数量的计算值，根据20%的降水井安全储备 数量裕度，得到最终所需的降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量；
[0007] S3、根据步骤S2中计算的降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量确定降水井井身结构， 对降水井进行平面布置，进行管井施工，并对降水井进行抽水以将井水抽出至降水井外，形 成抽水帷幕，同时对基坑进行抽水，从而使基坑的水位降低。
[0008] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井中的滤水管采 用无砂混凝土滤水管、钢筋笼、钢管或铸铁管中的任意一种;所述滤水管内径按满足单井设 计出水量要求而配置的水泵规格确定，滤水管内径大于水栗外径50mm，滤水管外径小于 200mm;管井成孔直径满足填充滤料的要求。
[0009] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井需要填充滤料 的含水层为砂土含水层或d20<2mm的碎石土含水层或d20多2mm的碎石土含水层三种含水层 中任一种，所述降水井中填充的滤料规格满足下列要求：
[0010] 1)砂土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:D50 = 6d50〜8d50,式中D50:小于该粒径 的填料质量占总填料质量50 %所对应的填料粒径/mm; d50:小于该粒径的土的质量占总土 质量50%所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm;
[0011] 2)d20<2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足：D50 = 6d20〜8d20,式中 d20:小于该粒径的土的质量占总土质量20 %所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm;
[0012] 3) d20多2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:填充粒径为10mm〜20mm的 滤料；
[0013] 4)滤料的不均匀系数小于2。
[0014] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，采用深井泵或深井潜 水栗抽水，水泵的出水量大于单个降水井抽水能力的1.2倍。
[0015] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井的底部设置沉 砂段，沉砂段厚度大于3m。
[0016] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井的平面布置根 据施工现场情况、工程地质条件，将井管布置为封闭式和侧壁式;降水井井间距离控制在5-10m，如遇基坑和降水井所在地区的含水层厚度不一的特殊地质条件，按抽水试验确定降水 井的井间间距。
[0017] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井平面布置分为 封闭式抽水帷幕和侧壁式抽水帷幕。
[0018]本发明的有益效果为：
[0019] 1节约资源、方案经济合理:本发明所述的“抽水帷幕”降水井井身结构中“滤料”、 “粘土球”可以在符合技术要求的条件下就地取材，避免了 “止水帷幕”施工中所需的极大水 泥用量。也避免了水泥运输、灌注、质量检查等工程。
[0020] 2便于推广、巨大的实际应用价值：“抽水帷幕”施工简单，应用广泛。例如，与江水、 海水、库水等联系紧密、联通性、涌水量大的基坑工程;基坑下有流沙层，地下水流水量大， 无法进行机械或人工成孔，止水帷幕无法筑成的工程;另外，基坑地质条件复杂，止水帷幕 施工在灌浆后，形成固结土体的整体性、均匀性、抗渗性较差的工程。
[0021] 3施工工期短:类似工程大量的成功经验表明，中深井降水法是治理地下承压水的 多快好省的方法。“抽水帷幕”施工工期比“止水帷幕”缩短了很多。
附图说明
[0022]下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
[0023]图1为本发明实施例方法流程图；
[0024]图2为本发明实施例降水井井身结构图；
[0025]图3为本发明实施例封闭式“抽水帷幕”降水井平面布置图；
[0026]图4为本发明实施例侧壁式“抽水帷幕”降水井平面布置图；
[0027]图5为本发明实施例一采用的“抽水帷幕”示意图；
[0028]图6为本发明实施例二采用的“抽水帷幕”示意图。
具体实施方式
[0029]为了对发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本 发明的具体实施方式。
[0030] 本发明提供的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，所述抽水帷幕由多个 布置在所述基坑周围的降水井形成，方法流程图参考图1，包含以下步骤：
[0031] S1、计算基坑涌水量;在本发明实施例中，基坑涌水量是采用《建筑基坑支护技术 规程》JGJ120-2012，根据水井理论来计算。
[0032] S2、根据基坑中含水层厚度、基坑实时水位、含水层分布范围平面面积、井点系统 的引用半径及所述基坑涌水量得出所需降水井数量的计算值，根据20 %的降水井安全储备 数量裕度，得到最终所需的降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量；
[0033] S3、根据步骤S2中计算的降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量确定降水井井身结构， 参考图2,降水井井身包含自上而下排列的栗管3及深井栗5,其中深井栗5外设置有滤水管 6,泵管3外布置有实管2,实管2外填充有粘土球1，滤水管6外填充有滤料4。降水井中铺设有 实管及栗管，对降水井进行平面布置，进行管井施工，并对降水井进行抽水以将井水抽出至 降水井外，形成抽水帷幕，同时对基坑进行抽水，从而使基坑的水位降低。
[0034] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井中的滤水管采 用无砂混凝土滤水管、钢筋笼、钢管或铸铁管中的任意一种;所述滤水管内径按满足单井设 计出水量要求而配置的水栗规格确定，滤水管内径大于水泵外径50mm，滤水管外径小于 200mm;管井成孔直径满足填充滤料的要求。
[0035]在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，降水井需要填充滤料 的含水层根据含水层粒径可分为砂土含水层或d20<2mm的碎石土含水层或d20多2mm的碎石 土含水层，三种不同含水层所填充的滤料规格满足下列要求：
[0036] 1)砂土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:D50 = 6d50〜8d50,式中：D50表示小于该 粒径的填料质量占总填料质量50%所对应的填料粒径/mm; d50:小于该粒径的土的质量占 总土质量50 %所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm;
[0037] 2) d2〇<2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:D50 = 6d20〜8d20,式中： d20表示小于该粒径的土的质量占总土质量20 %所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm;
[0038] 3)d2〇彡2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足，填充粒径为10mm〜20mm的 滤料；
[0039] 4)滤料的不均匀系数小于2。
[0040] 在本发明的一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法中，采用深井泵或深井潜 水泵抽水，水栗的出水量大于单个降水井抽水能力的1.2倍。降水井的底部设置沉砂段，沉 砂段厚度大于3m。降水井的平面布置根据施工现场情况、工程地质条件，将井管布置为封闭 式和侧壁式;降水井井间距离控制在5-10m，如遇基坑和降水井所在地区的含水层厚度不一 的特殊地质条件，按抽水试验确定降水井的井间间距。降水井平面布置分为封闭式抽水帷 幕和侧壁式抽水帷幕。参考图3及图4,降水井平面布置图分为封闭式抽水帷幕和侧壁式抽 水帷幕两种，其中1为降水井，2为基坑。。
[0041]其中降水井管井施工符合下列要求：
[0042] 1管井的成孔施工工艺应适合地层特点，对不易塌孔、缩孔的地层宜采用清水钻 进;钻孔深度宜大于降水井设计深度0.3m〜0.5m;
[OO43] 2采用泥浆护壁时，应在钻进到孔底后清除孔底沉渣并立即置入井管、注入清水， 当泥浆比重不大于1 • 05时，方可投入滤料;遇塌孔时不得置入井管，滤料填充体积不应小于 计算量的95 %;
[0044] 3避免泥浆护壁时，管井成孔可采用搓管工艺。
[0045] 4填充滤料后，应及时洗井，洗井应充分直至过滤器及滤料滤水畅通，并应抽水检 验降水井的滤水效果。
[0046] 5管井深度应入底部基岩5m，以便有效保证水体的汇集和深井泵的抽排。
[0047]下面以实例应用一及实例应用二为例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步地描述 实例应用。
[0048]实例应用一:重庆来福士广场项目A标段基坑人工挖孔桩在开挖时，需揭穿富含地 下水的孔隙含水层组一一含粉质粘土卵石土、砂卵石土层组，为满足挖孔期间的坑壁及孔 底干燥，地下水治理采用坑周侧向连续抽水帷幕+坑内深井疏干排水的方法。其“侧壁抽水 帷幕”如图5所示，其中1为降水井，2为基坑。
[0049] 从降水运行稳定期的结果可以得出，群井抽水帷幕两侧形成明显的水位降深。抽 水帷幕的迎江侧的水位降深约为2.5m。抽水帷幕的隔水作用，使得坑内地下水的补给能力 大大下降，坑内降水的抽水能力大于坑外地下水往坑内补水能力，因此坑内的水位降深满 足工程施工降深要求。从而可以说明群井抽水帷幕具有良好的稳定长江水对基坑内孔隙水 的补给能力。同时避免了无谓的超降，有利于控制降水对周边环境造成的沉降影响。
[0050]实例应用二：襄樊电厂二期为满足扩建工程需要，拟对主厂房及排水箱涵基坑进 行开挖，为保证该基坑开挖及地下室施工的顺利进行，必须对场地承压水进行有效治理，本 项目采用“封闭式抽水帷幕”地下水治理方案，其“抽水帷幕”如图6所示，其中1为主厂房、2 为降水井、3为集水井、4为排水箱涵。通过降水稳定期的结果来看，“抽水帷幕”完全满足基 坑施工降深要求，既能满足主厂房地下水位达到-15.5〇m的要求，也能满足集水坑地段水 位-13.50m及排水箱涵区基坑的地下水位达到-12.50m的要求，同时避免了无谓的超降，有 利于控制降水对周边环境造成的沉降影响。
[0051]从上两个实例应用来看，使用本发明基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水处理方案是可 行的，结果合理且简单易行，可靠性高，计算成本低，便于推广使用。
[0052]上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体 实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员 在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多 形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，所述抽水帷幕由多个布置在所述基坑 周围的降水井形成，其特征在于，包含以下步骤： 51、 计算基坑涌水量； 52、 根据基坑中含水层厚度、基坑实时水位、含水层分布范围平面面积、井点系统的引 用半径及所述基坑涌水量得出所需降水井数量的计算值，根据20%的降水井安全储备数量 裕度，得到最终所需的降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量； 53、 根据步骤S2中得到的最终降水井抽水量和所需降水井数量确定降水井井身结构， 对降水井进行平面布置，进行管井施工，并对降水井进行抽水以将井水抽出至降水井外，形 成抽水帷幕，同时对基坑进行抽水，从而使基坑的水位降低。
2. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，其特征在于，降水 井中的滤水管采用无砂混凝土滤水管、钢筋笼、钢管或铸铁管中的任意一种;所述滤水管内 径按满足单个降水井抽水量要求而配置的水栗规格确定，滤水管内径大于水泵外径50mm， 滤水管外径小于200mm;管井成孔直径满足填充滤料的要求。
3. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，降水井需要填充 滤料的含水层为砂土含水层或d20<2mm的碎石土含水层或d20多2mm的碎石土含水层三种含 水层中任一种，其特征在于，所述降水井中填充的滤料规格满足下列要求： 1) 砂土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:D50 = 6d50〜8d50，式中D50:小于该粒径的填 料质量占总填料质量50 %所对应的填料粒径/mm; d50:小于该粒径的土的质量占总土质量 50 %所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm; 2) d20<2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足:D50 = 6d20〜8d20,式中d20:小 于该粒径的土的质量占总土质量20%所对应的含水层土颗粒的粒径/mm; 3) d20>2mm的碎石土含水层填充的滤料粒径规格满足：填充粒径为l〇mm〜20mm的滤 料； 4) 滤料的不均匀系数小于2。
4. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，其特征在于，采用 深井泵或深井潜水泵抽水，水栗的出水量大于单个降水井抽水能力的1.2倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，其特征在于，降水 井的底部设置沉砂段，沉砂段厚度大于3m。
6. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，其特征在于，降水 井的平面布置根据施工现场情况、工程地质条件，将井管布置为封闭式和侧壁式;降水井的 井间距离控制在5-10m。
7. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于抽水帷幕的基坑中地下水治理方法，其特征在于，降水 井平面布置分为封闭式抽水帷幕和侧壁式抽水帷幕。
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