CN108866368B - Preparation method of in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material, which is implemented by the following steps: step 1, mixing W powder and Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out first-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb composite powder; then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb-Cu composite powder; step 2, filling the composite powder obtained in the step 1 into a cold pressing die, and performing pre-pressing and pressure maintaining on the composite powder to obtain a composite material green body; and 3, putting the green body obtained in the step 2 into a pressurizable die, and introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material. The method realizes the obvious improvement of the mechanical property and the arc ablation resistance of the CuW composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Background
The CuW composite material has the high melting point, high strength, electric corrosion resistance and fusion welding resistance of W, and simultaneously has the high electric conductivity, high heat conductivity, good plasticity and other properties of Cu, and plays an irreplaceable role in the fields of high-voltage switch contact materials, nuclear fusion functional gradient materials and the like. With the development of an extra-high voltage power grid, higher requirements are put forward on the mechanical property and the arc ablation resistance of a contact material. Many researches report that the arc ablation resistance of the CuW composite material can be effectively improved by adding ceramic phases such as rare earth oxides or carbides, but the mechanical properties, particularly the toughness, are reduced. The addition of metal elements such as Ni and Mo causes the reduction of the conductive performance of the composite material because the metal elements are strongly dissolved in Cu and cannot be precipitated; or the alloy is difficult to be uniformly mixed due to the insolubility with Cu or W, and cannot obtain the improvement of comprehensive properties such as mechanical property, arc ablation resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material, which can obviously improve the mechanical property and the arc ablation resistance of the CuW composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material is implemented by the following steps:
Mixing W powder and Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out first-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb composite powder; then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb-Cu composite powder;
Filling the composite powder obtained in the step 1 into a cold pressing die, and performing pre-pressing and pressure maintaining on the composite powder to obtain a composite material green body;
step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable die, and introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1, the W-Nb-Cu composite powder is formed by mixing 60-90% of W powder, 9.5-30% of Cu powder and 0.5-15% of Nb powder according to mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%.
In the step 1, the first step of ball milling specifically comprises the following steps: mixing W powder and Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4: 1-40: 1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-40 h, so that W-Nb composite powder is obtained;
in the step 1, the ball milling in the second step is as follows: mixing the W-Nb composite powder obtained by the first step of ball milling with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 4: 1-40: 1, wherein a ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 2-40 h, and carrying out second step of ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
In step 2, the pre-compression requirement is as follows: the pre-pressing pressure is 20-400 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30-120 s.
In step 3, the specific sintering parameters and process are as follows: heating to 800-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-35 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 1000-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 20-40 MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 30-60 min, releasing pressure, heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-35 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 30-120 min, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the Nb-precipitation-in-situ reinforced CuW composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, in the CuW composite material, complete solid solution of Nb is realized by two-step ball milling, and bimodal distribution of powder is realized, so that particle rearrangement in the subsequent sintering process is facilitated, and the compactness of the material is increased; then the composite powder after the two-step ball milling is subjected to hot-pressing sintering to precipitate Nb in situ, and the precipitated Nb is uniformly dispersed and distributed in a Cu/W matrix in the form of nano-scale or submicron-scale particles, so that the obvious interfacial force strengthening effect is exerted, the effect of effectively dispersing electric arcs in the electric arc ablation process is exerted, and the remarkable improvement of the comprehensive performance of the CuW composite material is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of a W-Nb composite powder prepared by a first ball milling step in example 5 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of a W-Nb-Cu composite powder prepared by a second ball milling step in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a composite powder XRD after the first and second ball milling steps and an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite XRD obtained after hot pressing sintering in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM topography of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material obtained by hot-pressing sintering in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a compressive stress-strain curve of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite obtained by hot-pressing and sintering in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM topography of the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material obtained by hot-pressing sintering in example 5 of the invention after 50 electrical breakdowns.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material, which is implemented by the following steps:
Weighing 60-90% of W powder, 9.5-30% of Cu powder and 0.5-15% of Nb powder according to mass percentage, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, placing the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 4: 1-40: 1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 2-40 h, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, placing the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4: 1-40: 1, a ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 2-40 h, and carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 20-400 MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 30-120 s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot pressing furnace for hot pressing sintering, heating to 800-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-35 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 1000-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 20-40 MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 30-60 min, releasing pressure, heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-35 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 30-120 min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 1
Weighing powder of 60% of W powder, 25% of Cu powder and 15% of Nb powder according to the mass percentage, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, then putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 40:1, a ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100r/min, the ball milling time is 40h, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100r/min, the ball milling time is 40h, and obtaining the W-Nb-Cu composite powder through second-step ball milling.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 20MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 120s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 40MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 60min, releasing pressure, heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 120min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 2
Weighing powder according to the mass percentages of 90% of W powder, 9.5% of Cu powder and 0.5% of Nb powder, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, then putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 500r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 40:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 500r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 400MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 30s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 35 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 20MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 40min, releasing pressure, heating to 1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 35 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 30min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 3
Weighing powder according to the mass percentages of 85% of W powder, 10% of Cu powder and 5% of Nb powder, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, then putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 10:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 30h, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 30:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 5 hours, and carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 250MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 80s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering, heating to 920 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 35MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 40min, then discharging pressure, heating to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 60min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 4
Weighing 70% of W powder, 20% of Cu powder and 10% of Nb powder according to the mass percentage, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, then putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 300r/min, the ball milling time is 10h, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 300r/min, the ball milling time is 15h, and carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 100MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 100s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 1060 ℃ at a heating rate of 9 ℃/min, pressurizing to 25MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 50min, releasing pressure, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 90min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 5
Weighing 67% of W powder, 30% of Cu powder and 3% of Nb powder according to mass percentage, firstly mixing the W powder and the Nb powder, then putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for first-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20:1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 20h, and obtaining W-Nb composite powder through first-step ball milling; and then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, a ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 400r/min, the ball milling time is 4h, and carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
And (3) filling the composite powder obtained in the step (1) into a cold pressing die, pre-pressing the composite powder under the pressure of 340MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 90s to form a composite material green body.
Step 3, hot-pressing sintering
And (3) putting the green body obtained in the step (2) into a pressurizable mold, introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 1060 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, pressurizing to 30MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 30min, then discharging, heating to 1240 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 40min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material.
Example 5 the particle size distribution of the W-Nb composite powder after the first ball milling step is shown in fig. 1, wherein the particle size distribution is unimodal. The particle size distribution of the W-Nb-Cu composite powder after the two-step ball milling is shown in figure 2, the particle size of the powder is in bimodal distribution, and the distribution is beneficial to particle rearrangement in the subsequent sintering process, so that the compactness of the material is increased; the disappearance of the Nb diffraction peak in the XRD thereof proves that Nb has been completely dissolved into the Cu/W matrix, as shown in FIG. 3. XRD of the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material prepared in example 5 proves that Nb is precipitated in situ and presents a preferred orientation in the 200 direction, which is shown in figure 3. FIG. 4 is an SEM topography of the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material prepared in example 5, which demonstrates the uniform dispersion distribution of the in-situ precipitated Nb. FIG. 5 is a compressive stress-strain curve of the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite prepared in example 5, corresponding to a high strength of 1GPa and a high plasticity of 8.6%. Fig. 6 is an SEM morphology of the in-situ precipitated Nb-reinforced CuW composite material prepared in example 5 after 50 electrical breakdowns, and it can be seen that, due to the first breakdown of Nb in the form of nano-or submicron-sized particles uniformly dispersed in the matrix, the arc is dispersed and the heat is taken away, so that the ablation pit is shallow and uniformly dispersed, and no significant concentrated ablation occurs, thereby showing very excellent arc ablation resistance.
The preparation method of the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material has the advantages that complete solid solution of Nb is realized in the CuW composite material through two-step ball milling, and bimodal distribution of powder is realized, so that particle rearrangement in the subsequent sintering process is facilitated, and the density of the material is increased; then the composite powder after the two-step ball milling is subjected to hot-pressing sintering to precipitate Nb in situ, and the precipitated Nb is uniformly dispersed and distributed in a Cu/W matrix in the form of nano-scale or submicron-scale particles, so that the obvious interfacial force strengthening effect is exerted, the effect of effectively dispersing electric arcs in the electric arc ablation process is exerted, and the remarkable improvement of the comprehensive performance of the CuW composite material is realized.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, two-step ball milling to prepare powder
Mixing W powder and Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out first-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb composite powder; then mixing the obtained W-Nb composite powder with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill for carrying out second-step ball milling to obtain W-Nb-Cu composite powder;
step 2, preparing a composite material green body
Filling the composite powder obtained in the step 1 into a cold pressing die, and performing pre-pressing and pressure maintaining on the composite powder to obtain a composite material green body;
step 3, hot-pressing sintering
Putting the green body obtained in the step 2 into a pressurizable mold, and introducing hydrogen into an atmosphere protection hot-pressing furnace for hot-pressing sintering to obtain an in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material;
in the step 1, the W-Nb-Cu composite powder is formed by mixing 60-90% of W powder, 9.5-30% of Cu powder and 0.5-15% of Nb powder according to mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100%.
2. The method for preparing the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, a first step of ball milling is specifically as follows: mixing W powder and Nb powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4: 1-40: 1, the ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-40 h, so that W-Nb composite powder is obtained;
in the step 1, the ball milling in the second step is as follows: mixing the W-Nb composite powder obtained by the first step of ball milling with Cu powder, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, putting the ball milling tank into a ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 4: 1-40: 1, wherein a ball milling process control agent is 5% absolute ethyl alcohol, the rotating speed is 100-500 r/min, the ball milling time is 2-40 h, and carrying out second step of ball milling to obtain the W-Nb-Cu composite powder.
3. The method for preparing the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the pre-pressing requirement is as follows: the pre-pressing pressure is 20-400 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30-120 s.
4. The method for preparing the in-situ precipitated Nb reinforced CuW composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, specific sintering parameters and processes are as follows: heating to 800-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-35 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 1000-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 20-40 MPa, preserving heat, maintaining pressure, sintering for 30-60 min, releasing pressure, heating to 1100-1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-35 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering for 30-120 min, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the Nb-precipitation-in-situ reinforced CuW composite material.
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