CN108866305B - heat treatment method for improving 1.4313.09 axis structure and performance comprehensive indexes - Google Patents
heat treatment method for improving 1.4313.09 axis structure and performance comprehensive indexes Download PDFInfo
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- CN108866305B CN108866305B CN201810809746.5A CN201810809746A CN108866305B CN 108866305 B CN108866305 B CN 108866305B CN 201810809746 A CN201810809746 A CN 201810809746A CN 108866305 B CN108866305 B CN 108866305B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for improving comprehensive indexes of 1.4313.09 shaft tissues and properties, which relates to the technical field of heat treatment processes and comprises a shaft, wherein the shaft is made of 1.4313.09 martensitic stainless steel, and the shaft adopts a segmented tempering heat treatment method which comprises the following steps of quenching treatment of the shaft, fixing the shaft on a quenching machine tool, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃ and preserving heat for 3 hours, then taking out the shaft for air cooling to room temperature, -th tempering of the shaft, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 620 +/-10 ℃ and preserving heat for 6 hours, then taking out the shaft for air cooling to room temperature, and third tempering of the shaft, placing the shaft in the tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 600 +/-10 ℃ and preserving heat for 6 hours, then taking out the shaft for air cooling to room temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment processes, and particularly relates to heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 axis tissue and performance comprehensive indexes.
Background
Metal heat treatment is which is an important process in mechanical manufacturing, and compared with other processing techniques, heat treatment does not change the shape and the whole chemical composition of a workpiece, but endows or improves the service performance of the workpiece by changing the microstructure inside the workpiece or changing the chemical composition on the surface of the workpiece.
The stainless steel with the code of 1.4313.09 belongs to an imported German standard material, belongs to martensitic stainless steel, has corrosion resistance of , and has good strength, plasticity and toughness when used as a high-speed pump shaft,
but also has reasonable yield ratio and grain size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 shaft structure and performance comprehensive indexes, and the heat treatment methods are used for researching and comparing different heat treatment modes to obtain an optimal heat treatment process, so that the strength, plasticity, toughness and yield strength ratio indexes of a 1.4313.09 shaft are improved, and the shaft obtains excellent comprehensive performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 axis tissue and performance comprehensive indexes,
the shaft is made of 1.4313.09 martensitic stainless steel, and the shaft adopts a heat treatment method of sectional tempering, and specifically comprises the following steps:
, quenching the shaft, fixing the shaft on a quenching machine tool, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step two, tempering the shaft for times, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 620 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
and step three, tempering the shaft for the second time, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 600 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to the room temperature.
, the quenching machine tool in the step mainly comprises a machine body, a sliding table, a clamping rotating mechanism, a cooling system, a quenching liquid circulating system and an electric control system, wherein the output power of the quenching machine tool is 20-2000 kW, the output power of a quenching transformer is 20-750 kW, the output frequency is 2.5-500 kHz, the maximum service temperature is 1250 ℃, and the output voltage is 20-1000V.
, the tempering furnace in the second step and the third step adopts a full-fiber well-type tempering resistance furnace which is provided with a hot air circulation system and a temperature control system, the well-type tempering resistance furnace is a periodic heat treatment device and is provided with a hot air circulation system, the highest use temperature is 650 ℃, the well-type tempering resistance furnace is mainly used for high-temperature tempering and annealing of various metal materials, is an ideal device for treating shaft parts, is matched with the control system, and can automatically control the heating temperature of the device.
, fixing the two ends of the shaft on the clamp rotating mechanism of the quenching machine tool.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through research and comparison of different heat treatment modes, an optimal heat treatment process is obtained, the strength, plasticity, toughness and yield strength ratio indexes of the 1.4313.09 shaft are improved, and the shaft obtains excellent comprehensive performance.
Of course, it is not necessary that achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time for any product that embodies the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a 400-fold enlarged view of the metallographic structure of 1.4313.09 steel of the present invention after quenching at 1000 ℃ and tempering at 600 ℃ for times;
FIG. 2 is a 400-fold enlargement of the metallographic structure of 1.4313.09 steel after quenching at 1000 ℃ and tempering at times at 620 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a 400-fold enlargement of the metallographic structure of 1.4313.09 steel after quenching at 1000 ℃ and tempering at times at 640 ℃;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the overall performance variation of 1.4313.09 steel at different tempering temperatures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
Heat treatment method for improving 1.4313.09 shaft structure and performance comprehensive index, including the shaft, the material of the shaft is 1.4313.09 martensite stainless steel, the shaft has adopted the heat treatment method of the sectional tempering, include several steps specifically:
, quenching the shaft, fixing the two ends of the shaft on a clamp rotating mechanism of a quenching machine tool, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step two, tempering the shaft for times, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 620 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
and step three, tempering the shaft for the second time, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 600 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to the room temperature.
The quenching machine tool in the step mainly comprises a machine body, a sliding table, a clamping rotating mechanism, a cooling system, a quenching liquid circulating system and an electric control system, wherein the output power of the quenching machine tool is 20-2000 kW, the output power of a quenching transformer is 20-750 kW, the output frequency is 2.5-500 kHz, the maximum service temperature is 1250 ℃, and the output voltage is 20-1000V.
The tempering furnace in the second step and the third step adopts a full-fiber well-type tempering resistance furnace which is provided with a hot air circulation system and a temperature control system, the well-type tempering resistance furnace is periodic heat treatment equipment and is provided with a hot air circulation system, the highest use temperature is 650 ℃, the well-type tempering resistance furnace is mainly used for high-temperature tempering and annealing of various metal materials, the well-type tempering resistance furnace is the most ideal equipment for treating shaft parts, and the well-type tempering resistance furnace is matched with a control system for use and can automatically control the heating temperature of the equipment.
The following experiments were conducted to investigate the comparison of different heat treatment modes, and the influence of different quenching temperatures and holding times on the grain size is shown in the following table:
| quenching temperature DEG C | 920 | 970 | 1000 | 1020 | 1070 | 1120 |
| Keeping the temperature for 3 hours | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5、4 | 6、5、4 |
| Keeping the temperature for 4 hours | 7、8 | 7、6 | 6、5 | 5、4 | 5、4 | 6、5、4 |
The grain size of the steel has a significant influence on the properties, and therefore, by using 6 different temperatures, 3 and 4 hours of incubation respectively, it can be concluded: along with the increase of the temperature, the crystal grains of the steel are increased, and the heat preservation time has no influence on the grain size basically.
As shown in fig. 1-3, after quenching at 1000 ℃, tempering at different temperatures is performed, and it can be seen that at different tempering temperatures, the tempered structure is lath martensite, but lath martensite has a thinning characteristic, and as the temperature rises, finer lath martensite is formed.
As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the annealing at 630 ℃ of 500-.
According to the test results, it is found that the ideal requirement is not met by only times of tempering, the yield strength ratio is higher, and therefore, the second tempering is needed.
The secondary tempering temperature is 570, 590 and 600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and air cooling is carried out, and tests show that the tensile strength and the plasticity are not obviously changed at 600 ℃, but the yield strength ratio is obviously improved.
In the description herein, reference to the term " embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least embodiments or examples of the invention.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1, heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 shaft structure and performance comprehensive indexes, comprising a shaft, and is characterized in that the shaft is made of martensitic stainless steel with the code of 1.4313.09, the shaft adopts a heat treatment method of sectional tempering, and the heat treatment method specifically comprises the following steps:
, quenching the shaft, fixing the shaft on a quenching machine tool, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step two, tempering the shaft for times, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 620 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to room temperature;
and step three, tempering the shaft for the second time, placing the shaft in a tempering furnace, heating to the tempering temperature of 600 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the shaft, and air-cooling to the room temperature.
2. The heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 shaft organization and performance comprehensive index according to claim 1, wherein the quenching machine tool in the step mainly comprises a lathe bed, a sliding table, a clamping and rotating mechanism, a cooling system, a quenching liquid circulating system and an electric control system.
3. The heat treatment methods for improving 1.4313.09 comprehensive indexes of tissue and performance of a shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tempering furnace in the second step and the third step is an all-fiber well-type tempering electric resistance furnace, and has a hot air circulation system and a temperature control system.
4. The heat treatment method for improving 1.4313.09 shaft structural and performance combination indicators as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two ends of the shaft in step are fixed to a fixture rotating mechanism of a quenching machine tool.
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| US8182617B2 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-05-22 | Moyer Kenneth A | Nitrogen alloyed stainless steel and process |
| CN102776335A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-11-14 | 张家港海锅重型锻件有限公司 | Process for manufacturing 17-4PH Martensite precipitation-hardening stainless steel forgings |
| CN103627858A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-12 | 苏州宝业锻造有限公司 | Heat treatment technology of martensite stainless steel workpiece |
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