CN108863383A - 一种陶瓷粉末 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷粉末 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种陶瓷材料、陶瓷换热管及其制备方法、陶瓷再沸器,该陶瓷材料包含以下质量百分比的组分:金属硅5%~10%、碳化硅60%~70%、二氧化硅10%~15%、结合粘土10%~15%、木质素0.2%~1%。本发明的陶瓷换热管,常温抗压强度为35~50MPa,在300℃以下温度、有加热油在管中流动的工况条件下可耐压0.7~0.9MPa,不会出现渗漏情况;耐腐蚀性强,对盐酸、硫酸等高低温气体、液体均有良好的耐腐蚀性;使用二氧化硅形成釉层密封气孔,解决了普通SiC材料渗漏的问题;该陶瓷换热管具有耐高温、导热快、耐腐蚀、抗渗漏的优点,在各种环境中经久耐用,使用寿命长,适合推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于换热设备技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷材料,同时还涉及一种陶瓷换热管 及其制备方法,以及使用该陶瓷换热管的陶瓷再沸器。
背景技术
再沸器(也称重沸器),是一种能够交换热量,同时汽化液体的特殊换热器。再沸器多与分馏塔合用,物料在再沸器中受热膨胀甚至汽化,密度变小,从而离开汽化空间,顺 利返回塔器;返回塔器的汽液两相,气相向上通过塔盘,液相落到塔底,从而完成分馏。
目前,使用的再沸器多为金属再沸器,换热管及管板均为普通金属材料,在化工、制 药等行业的生产过程中,受到物料冲刷、气蚀和微量化学介质的腐蚀,存在较大的渗漏风 险;某些换热管及管板材料比较耐腐蚀,如塑料、石墨等,但化工、制药等行业的再沸器使用温度较高,高温高腐蚀环境还是无法正常使用;如不锈钢材料,能耐500~600℃的高温,但是在强腐蚀的工况下不能长期使用;如SiC是导热较好的耐腐蚀材料,但是SiC产 品气孔率高,在高压蒸汽作用下存在严重的渗漏问题,在化工、制药等行业高压工况下无 法正常使用。基于上述原因,在严重腐蚀工况下的再沸器,存在短期严重损坏的问题尚未 解决,腐蚀、温度、高压、导热与材料的矛盾导致现有的再沸器使用寿命短、更换频率高, 严重影响正常生产的顺利进行,同时造成设备成本及维护成本大幅增加,给企业造成极大 的经济损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种陶瓷材料,解决再沸器因换热管及管板腐蚀渗漏造成的使用 寿命短、更换频率高的问题。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种陶瓷换热管。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种陶瓷换热管的制备方法。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种使用上述陶瓷换热管的陶瓷再沸器。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种陶瓷材料,包含以下质量百分比的组分:金属硅5%~10%、碳化硅60%~70%、二氧化硅10%~15%、结合粘土10%~15%、木质素0.2%~1%。
一种陶瓷换热管,主要由以下质量百分比的原料制成:金属硅5%~10%、碳化硅60%~ 70%、二氧化硅10%~15%、结合粘土10%~15%、木质素0.2%~1%。
所述金属硅、碳化硅、二氧化硅、结合粘土均为粉末颗粒;所述金属硅的粒度为800~ 1000目;所述碳化硅的粒度为800~1000目;所述二氧化硅的粒度为325目;所述结合粘土的粒度为160~180目。
一种上述的陶瓷换热管的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
1)取配方量的金属硅、碳化硅、二氧化硅、结合粘土,加水混合研磨,得混合浆料;
2)取步骤1)所得混合浆料,滤出水分,得含水量为16%~18%的泥饼;
3)取配方量的木质素,与步骤2)所得泥饼混合后,混炼并陈腐,得陈腐料;
4)将步骤3)所得陈腐料混炼后,挤出成型并干燥,得含水量为0.2%~0.8%的坯料;
5)将步骤4)所得坯料在1400~1450℃条件下烧结20~24h,即得。
步骤1)中,加水的质量为金属硅、碳化硅、二氧化硅与结合粘土总质量的30%~35%。
步骤1)中,所述研磨的时间为10~12h。
步骤3)中,所述陈腐的时间为15~20天。
步骤4)中,所述干燥温度为40~70℃,干燥时间为20~30h。
一种陶瓷再沸器,包括壳体,所述壳体内设有两管板,将壳体内部分隔为进料腔、换 热腔和出料腔;所述两管板之间夹设有陶瓷换热管,所述进料腔和出料腔通过陶瓷换热管 相连通;所述壳体上靠近换热腔设有与所述换热腔相连通的壳程进口和壳程出口;所述壳 体上靠近进料腔设有与进料腔相连通的进料口,靠近出料腔设有与出料腔相连通的出料 口。
所述壳体包括第一壳体和第二壳体,所述第一壳体与第二壳体通过伸缩器固连在一 起;所述伸缩器套设在所述陶瓷换热管的外侧。
所述壳体和伸缩器为不锈钢材料;
所述管板为陶瓷连接板。
所述陶瓷连接板是由上述陶瓷材料制成的。
所述陶瓷连接板的制备方法同陶瓷换热管,不同之处在于步骤4)中成型时根据所需 管板形状采用模具成型制成坯料。
所述换热腔内还设有折流板。
本发明的陶瓷换热管,采用金属硅、碳化硅、二氧化硅、结合粘土、木质素复配制成, 在此复配材料中,金属硅能够减少碳化硅在烧结过程中的氧化,二氧化硅在烧结过程中, 形成玻璃相在表面产生釉层,密封气孔,从而有效的避免渗漏;本发明的陶瓷换热管常温 抗压强度为35~50MPa,在300℃以下温度、有加热油在管中流动的工况条件下可耐压0.7~0.9MPa,不会出现渗漏情况;本发明的陶瓷换热管,耐腐蚀性强,对盐酸、硫酸等高 低温气体、液体均有良好的耐受性;使用二氧化硅形成釉层密封气孔,解决了普通SiC材 料渗漏的问题;该陶瓷换热管具有耐高温、导热快、耐腐蚀、抗渗漏的优点,在各种环境 中经久耐用,使用寿命长,适合推广应用。
本发明的陶瓷再沸器,使用上述的具有耐高温、导热快、耐腐蚀、抗渗漏优点的陶瓷 换热管,耐腐蚀性强,对盐酸、硫酸等高低温气体、液体均有良好的耐受性,解决了传统不锈钢材料在特殊环境下严重腐蚀损坏、在短期内修理更换频繁的问题;设备成本低,使用寿命长,可达5~10年,具有良好的经济效益的市场前景。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例的陶瓷材料,由以下质量百分比的组分组成:金属硅5%、碳化硅70%、二 氧化硅14%、结合粘土10%、木质素1%。
本实施例的陶瓷换热管,主要由以下质量百分比的原料制成:800目的金属硅粉5%、 800目的碳化硅粉70%、325目的二氧化硅粉14%、160目的结合粘土10%、木质素1%。
本实施例的陶瓷换热管的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
1)取配方量的金属硅粉、碳化硅粉、二氧化硅粉、结合粘土加入球磨机内,加入上 述粉料(金属硅粉、碳化硅粉、二氧化硅粉与结合粘土)总质量30%的水,混合研磨10h, 得混合浆料,放入浆池搅拌备用;
2)取步骤1)所得混合浆料泵入滤泥机,滤出水分,得含水量为16%的泥饼;
3)取配方量的木质素与步骤2)所得泥饼,加入搅拌机中搅拌至混合均匀后,置于练 泥机中混炼两次,后进入陈腐室陈腐15天,得陈腐料;
4)将步骤3)所得陈腐料置于练泥机中混炼后,按照要求设计的型号和规格,用液压 挤出机挤出成型得成型料,将成型料置于烘干室内,在40℃条件下干燥30h,得含水量为0.2%的坯料;
5)将步骤4)所得坯料在1400条件下烧结24h,即得。
Claims (2)
1.一种陶瓷材料,其特征在于:包含以下质量百分比的组分:金属硅5%~10%、碳 化硅60%~70%、二氧化硅10%~15%、结合粘土10%~15%、木质素0.2%~1%。
2.一种陶瓷材料,其特征在于:主要由以下质量百分比的原料制成:金属硅5%~10%、碳化硅60%~70%、二氧化硅10%~15%、结合粘土10%~15%、木质素0.2%~1%。
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