CN108855101B - Method for online upgrading bio-oil by using iron-based composite catalyst - Google Patents
Method for online upgrading bio-oil by using iron-based composite catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) nitrate Inorganic materials [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 aldehyde ketone compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000045 pyrolysis gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGJUJWSDTDBTLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-Furyl)butan-3-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1=CC=CO1 GGJUJWSDTDBTLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/007—Mixed salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B01J35/393—
-
- B01J35/399—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
Abstract
A method for online upgrading bio-oil by using an iron-based composite catalyst is characterized in that Fe/CaO/Mg (Al) O is used as a catalyst, wood flour is used as a biomass raw material, biomass and the catalyst are filled in a reactor for fast pyrolysis, steam generated by biomass pyrolysis is directly subjected to catalytic cracking on the surface of the catalyst to obtain upgraded bio-oil steam, and finally GC/MS online component and content analysis is carried out on the upgraded bio-oil steam; the catalyst takes Mg (Al) O as a carrier, Fe as a main steam conversion active component, CaO as a cocatalyst component and a carrier, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 10 to 30 percent of Fe, 25 to 48 percent of CaO and 40 to 48 percent of Mg (Al) O.
Description
The application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application with the application date of 2016, 7, 18 and the application number of 201610563540X, namely an iron-based composite catalyst for online upgrading of bio-oil and a preparation and application method.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of utilization of biomass energy, and particularly relates to a Fe-based composite catalyst for online upgrading of bio-oil and preparation and application methods thereof.
Background
As a renewable clean energy source, the bio-oil, which is a liquid product obtained by fast pyrolysis and liquefaction of biomass, is a novel liquid fuel, has the advantages of high energy density, easiness in storage and transportation, low sulfur and nitrogen contents and the like, and is expected to relieve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels. However, the crude bio-oil product has very complex components and almost contains various oxygen-containing organic substances (acid, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, phenol, furan, sugar and the like), so that the crude bio-oil product has the defects of poor stability, high acidity, low calorific value, high viscosity and the like, and the crude bio-oil product seriously hinders the popularization and application of the crude bio-oil product as hydrocarbon fuel. How to improve the quality of bio-oil products becomes a key technical problem influencing the application and the economical efficiency of the biomass rapid thermal cracking technology. Much research work has been done in the past to improve the quality of bio-oil.
The patent "a method for improving the quality of bio-oil" (CN 104560102A) discloses a method for improving the quality of bio-oil, which comprises adding bio-oil produced by cracking into a high-pressure reaction kettle, adding calcium oxide as a catalyst, and adding N2Under the protection condition, the quality of the bio-oil is improved by controlling the reaction in different temperature sections. However, in the patent, the biomass raw material is pretreated by sulfuric acid, the components in the obtained refined bio-oil are still relatively complex, the yield of the target product furfuryl acetone is lower than 25%, and the stability of the bio-oil is not effectively improved due to the high content of the aldehyde ketone compounds.
The patent "a method for upgrading biomass oil" (CN 101358138A) discloses a method for upgrading biomass oil, which reduces heavy components in biomass oil through supercritical catalytic reaction, and puts biomass oil, ethanol or methanol as supercritical reaction medium and HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and then carries out the reaction in a reactor under N condition2Protecting, reacting for 3-5 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 7.5-11MPa and the temperature is 100-300 ℃, wherein the mass percentage of the heavy components in the refined bio-oil is 15-28 percent. However, the patent adopts supercritical high-pressure reaction, the reaction conditions are severe, certain difficulty exists in the practical popularization and application process, and no mention is made of generationThe adjustment of components such as acids and aldehydes in the crude oil which influence the corrosivity and stability of the biological oil.
In addition, the above patents all condense and collect bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis and then heat and upgrade the bio-oil again, which has high energy consumption, complex treatment procedure and high cost, and is difficult to apply in the commercialization technology.
The method for preparing high-quality bio-oil by on-line catalytic cracking of biomass fast pyrolysis products by using the catalyst is the most widely researched method at present because the whole reaction is carried out in the same reactor, the bio-oil does not need to be condensed and reheated, the operation is simple, and the refining cost is low. At present, catalysts for catalyzing and upgrading bio-oil reported by various research units at home and abroad mainly comprise metal oxides, zeolite molecular sieves and noble metals. Wherein, the raw material of the metal oxide is easy to obtain and low in price, but the catalytic activity of the metal oxide is low; noble metal catalysts have high activity, but are expensive and are easy to sinter and deactivate under high-temperature conditions or long-time operation; the molecular sieve catalyst can simultaneously meet two functions of high activity and shape-selective catalysis, but is easy to be deactivated by carbon deposition due to strong acidity. Therefore, the search for a catalyst which is efficient, cheap, anti-carbon deposition and anti-sintering is the focus of the research work of online upgrading of the bio-oil at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art and provides the Fe-based composite catalyst which has low cost, good catalytic activity, sintering resistance and carbon deposition resistance and is used for online upgrading of the bio-oil;
the invention also provides a preparation method and an application method of the Fe-based composite catalyst.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an iron-based composite catalyst for online bio-oil upgrading is characterized in that Mg (Al) O is used as a carrier, Fe is used as a main steam conversion active component, CaO is used as a cocatalyst component and the carrier, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 10 to 30 percent of Fe, 25 to 48 percent of CaO and 40 to 48 percent of Mg (Al) O.
The scheme is characterized in that the main active component Fe is highly dispersed in the carrier, and the particle size of the main active component Fe is controlled to be 5-10 nm.
The Fe-based composite catalyst is prepared by the following steps:
(a) preparation of hydrotalcite precursor: mixing Ca (NO)3)2∙6H2O、Mg(NO3)2∙6H2O、Al(NO3)3∙9H2O、Fe(NO3)3∙9H2Dissolving O in deionized water to prepare the solution with the concentration of [ Mg2+]+[Ca2+]+[Fe3+]+[Al3+]A mixed salt solution of = 1-1.6M; preparing NaOH solution with the concentration of 2 mol/L as a precipitator; under the condition of continuous strong stirring, slowly and continuously dropwise adding the prepared mixed salt solution into an alkali solution, controlling the pH value of the final solution to be 10.5-12, and forming a suspension after dropwise adding; crystallizing for 24h at room temperature, centrifuging and washing the obtained precipitate solution until the pH of the supernatant is 7, drying at 100 ℃ for 12h, and grinding to obtain the hydrotalcite single precursor with the laminated plate containing Fe, Ca, Mg and Al elements.
(b) Calcining and reducing: weighing a certain amount of the single hydrotalcite precursor obtained in the step (a), placing the single hydrotalcite precursor in a tubular atmosphere furnace, calcining for 2-6 h at 500-800 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-based composite catalyst.
An application method of the iron-based composite catalyst for online bio-oil upgrading comprises the following steps: Fe/CaO/Mg (Al) O is used as a catalyst, wood flour is used as a biomass raw material, biomass and the catalyst are filled in a reactor for fast pyrolysis, steam generated by biomass pyrolysis is directly subjected to catalytic cracking on the surface of the catalyst to obtain upgraded bio-oil steam, and finally GC/MS online component and content analysis is carried out on the upgraded bio-oil steam.
The invention is also characterized in that the reactor is a cracking-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined device (Py-GC/MS);
the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 550-700 ℃, the retention time is 25s, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass is 10-20;
the catalyst is loaded on one or both ends of the biomass feedstock.
A preparation method of an iron-based composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
(a) preparation of hydrotalcite precursor: mixing Ca (NO)3)2∙6H2O、Mg(NO3)2∙6H2O、Al(NO3)3∙9H2O、Fe(NO3)3∙9H2Dissolving O in deionized water to prepare the solution with the concentration of [ Mg2+]+[Ca2+]+[Fe3+]+[Al3+]A mixed salt solution of = 1-1.6M; preparing NaOH solution with the concentration of 2 mol/L as a precipitator; under the condition of continuous strong stirring, slowly and continuously dropwise adding the prepared mixed salt solution into an alkali solution, controlling the pH value of the final solution to be 10.5-12, and forming a suspension after dropwise adding; crystallizing for 24h at room temperature, centrifuging and washing the obtained precipitate solution until the pH of the supernatant is 7, drying at 100 ℃ for 12h, and grinding to obtain the hydrotalcite single precursor with the laminated plate containing Fe, Ca, Mg and Al elements.
(b) Calcining and reducing: weighing a certain amount of the single hydrotalcite precursor obtained in the step (a), placing the single hydrotalcite precursor in a tubular atmosphere furnace, calcining for 2-6 h at 500-800 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-based composite catalyst.
According to a particular feature of the invention, the (Mg) salt solution is mixed in step (a)2++Ca2+）/（Fe3++Al3+) The molar ratio is (1-4): 1, Mg2+：Ca2+：Fe3+：Al3+The molar ratio is more preferably 1: 1: 1: 1 or 2: 2: 1: 1 or 3: 3: 1: 1 or 4: 4: 1: 1.
the reducing atmosphere in the step (b) is hydrogen or a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen or argon, wherein H in the mixed gas2The volume percentage is preferably 10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, based on LDHs precursor structure topological transformation, Mg (Al) O composite oxide is added as a carrier to realize high dispersion of a main active component Fe of the catalyst, so that the catalytic activity can be remarkably improved, and the catalyst can be effectively prevented from being inactivated due to carbon deposition reaction of macromolecular oligomers in biomass fast pyrolysis products.
2. The catalyst provided by the invention can completely remove acids, aldehydes and ketones and other undesirable compounds in the bio-oil, effectively reduce the acidity and obviously improve the stability.
3. The catalyst provided by the invention is beneficial to promoting the formation of phenol compounds in the biological oil, has the selectivity of 89.32 percent, effectively improves the heat value of the biological oil, has extremely high chemical added value, and is an important chemical intermediate for preparing materials such as phenolic resin, food additives, fine chemicals and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a preparation method of an iron-based composite catalyst comprises the following steps:
preparing an LDHs precursor: according to Mg2+：Ca2+：Fe3+：Al3+48.10g Mg (NO) were weighed out in a molar ratio of about 1: 13)2∙6H2O、44.27g Ca(NO3)2∙6H2O、75.50g Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O and 70.89g Al (NO)3)3∙9H2Adding O into deionized water to prepare 500 ml mixed solution, weighing 50.99g NaNO3Deionized water was added to make 500 mL of the mixed solution, and 56g of NaOH was weighed and added to make 800mL of 2M aqueous alkali. Adding NaNO3Pouring the solution and NaOH solution into a four-neck flask, dropwise adding the mixed salt solution into the mixed alkali solution under mechanical stirring to ensure that the pH of the final solution is 11.2, crystallizing the obtained slurry at room temperature for 24 hours, washing with deionized water, centrifuging for 4 times, drying at 100 ℃ for 12 hours, and grinding to obtain LDHs precursors.
Roasting and reducing: weighing 5g of LDHs precursor, uniformly spreading the LDHs precursor on a magnetic boat, placing the LDHs precursor in a tubular atmosphere furnace, and performing reaction in a reactor N2/H2Heating to 500 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min under reducing atmosphere (90%/10%), and maintaining for 2%And (4) naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-based composite catalyst.
The Fe-based composite catalyst prepared by the method comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 27.78%, CaO: 28.06%, Mg (Al) O: 44.16%, no other impurity phases were found, with the Fe nanoparticles having an average size of 7.3 nm.
An application method of the iron-based composite catalyst for online bio-oil upgrading comprises the following steps: Fe/CaO/Mg (Al) O is used as a catalyst, wood flour is used as a biomass raw material, biomass and the catalyst are filled in a reactor for fast pyrolysis, steam generated by biomass pyrolysis is directly subjected to catalytic cracking on the surface of the catalyst to obtain upgraded bio-oil steam, and finally GC/MS online component and content analysis is carried out on the upgraded bio-oil steam. The reactor is a cracking-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined device (Py-GC/MS); the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 550-700 ℃, the retention time is 25s, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass is 10-20; the catalyst is loaded on one or both ends of the biomass feedstock. A Py-GC/MS device is adopted, 0.5mg of wood powder and 10mg of catalyst are respectively filled in a sample tube, the reaction temperature is set to be 550 ℃, the residence time is set to be 20s, and the temperature of a valve box and the temperature of a transmission line are both 290 ℃.
Typical components of the bio-oil crude product produced by direct fast pyrolysis of biomass under the above reaction conditions are: 1.38% of hydrocarbons (mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons), 52.53% of phenols, 18.05% of acids, 23.29% of aldehydes and ketones and 4.75% of furans.
The crude bio-oil products with the components are subjected to online quality improvement, and experimental researches show that the obtained refined bio-oil components are remarkably optimized, wherein undesirable compounds such as acids, aldehydes and ketones and the like are completely removed, and the biological oleic acid property and the stability are greatly improved. The phenolic compounds become main products, the content of the main products is greatly increased to 89.32%, in addition, a small amount of furan compounds is contained, 7.64% of hydrocarbon compounds are contained (wherein the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons is 3.21%, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbons is 4.43%), and the quality of the bio-oil is obviously improved. The structural characterization of the catalyst after the reaction shows that no carbon deposition phenomenon is found on the surface of the catalyst.
Example 2:
the preparation of the catalyst in this example is the same as in example 1 and will not be described again except that the active ingredient content is different, wherein Mg is2+：Ca2+：Fe3+：Al3+The molar ratio is about 4: 1. The prepared catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.41%, CaO: 42.06%, Mg (Al) O: 46.53%, no other impurity phases were found, with the average size of the Fe nanoparticles being 5.2 nm.
The on-line upgrading of the bio-oil crude was carried out under the same cracking conditions as in example 1. Experimental research shows that compared with a crude bio-oil product, the refined bio-oil product has the advantages that the acid substances are completely removed, the content of the aldehyde ketone compounds is reduced to 5.46%, the content of the hydrocarbon compounds is increased to 33.52% (wherein the content of the aliphatic hydrocarbon is 18.89%, the content of the aromatic hydrocarbon is 14.63%), the content of the phenolic compounds is slightly increased to 56.88%, and the content of the furan compounds is 4.14%. The content of undesired compound acids and aldehydes and ketones in the upgraded bio-oil is obviously reduced, the oxygen content and the acidity are obviously reduced, the stability is greatly improved, and the quality is improved. Compared with the example 1, the catalyst has lower activity due to the lower content of the main active component Fe. The structural characterization of the catalyst after the reaction shows that the surface of the catalyst has a small amount of carbon deposition.
Example 3:
the composition and the mass percentage of the catalyst in the embodiment are consistent with those in embodiment 1, and the catalyst is Fe: 27.78%, CaO: 28.06%, Mg (Al) O: 44.16%, no other impurity phases were found, with the Fe nanoparticles having an average size of 7.3 nm. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
The application method of the iron-based composite catalyst for online quality improvement of the bio-oil is the same as that in the example 1, the description is omitted, and the difference from the example 1 is that the filling mode of the catalyst and the wood powder is different in the bio-oil quality improvement process, specifically, 0.5mg of wood powder and 10mg of catalyst are filled into a sample tube and shaken to uniformly mix the wood powder and the wood powder. Experimental research shows that the upgraded bio-oil contains 16.18% of acid substances, 20.58% of hydrocarbon substances (wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon substances are 4.32% and the aromatic hydrocarbon substances are 16.26%), 46.29% of phenolic compounds, 10.67% of aldehyde ketone compounds and 6.28% of furan compounds. Compared with the embodiment 1, although the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the bio-oil is increased by adopting the mode of mixing and cracking the catalyst and the biomass material, the conversion capability of the undesirable compounds such as acids, aldehydes and ketones is greatly reduced, and the biological oleic acid property and the stability are not improved.
Example 4:
the composition and the mass percentage of the catalyst in the embodiment are consistent with those in embodiment 1, and the catalyst is Fe: 27.78%, CaO: 28.06%, Mg (Al) O: 44.16%, no other impurity phases were found, with the Fe nanoparticles having an average size of 7.3 nm. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
The application method of the iron-based composite catalyst for online quality improvement of the bio-oil is the same as that of the example 1, and is not repeated, except that the ratio of the catalyst to the wood powder is different in the bio-oil quality improvement process, specifically, the wood powder loading is 0.5mg, and the catalyst loading is 5 mg. Experimental research shows that compared with a crude bio-oil product, the acid content of the refined bio-oil is reduced to 2.18%, the hydrocarbon content of the refined bio-oil is increased to 38.15% (wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon content is 20.89%, and the aromatic hydrocarbon content is 17.26%), the phenolic compound content is 45.46%, the aldehyde ketone compound content is reduced to 8.17%, and the furan compound content is 6.04%. The oxygen content and the acidity in the upgraded biological oil are reduced, the stability is improved, and the quality is obviously improved. Compared with the embodiment 1, the addition amount of the catalyst is reduced, so that the catalytic activity is obviously reduced, and the conversion capability of the catalyst on undesired compounds such as acids, aldehydes and ketones is reduced. The structural characterization of the catalyst after the reaction shows that the surface of the catalyst has no carbon deposition.
Example 5:
the composition and the mass percentage of the catalyst in the embodiment are consistent with those in embodiment 1, and the catalyst is Fe: 27.78%, CaO: 28.06%, Mg (Al) O: 44.16%, no other impurity phases were found, with the Fe nanoparticles having an average size of 7.3 nm. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
The difference from example 1 is that the temperature of the biomass cracking reaction is increased from 550 ℃ to 700 ℃. Experimental research shows that compared with a crude bio-oil product, the hydrocarbon content of the refined bio-oil product is increased to 54.15% (wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon content is 39.89%, and the aromatic hydrocarbon content is 14.26%), the phenolic compound content is reduced to 39.06%, the aldehyde ketone compound content is reduced to 1.17%, the furan compound content is 5.04%, and the product also contains a small amount of acid substances, and the content is about 0.58%. The oxygen content and the acidity in the upgraded biological oil are obviously reduced, the stability is greatly improved, and the quality is obviously improved. Compared with example 1, the raising of the upgrading reaction temperature is beneficial to the generation of hydrocarbon compounds, but the conversion capability of acid and aldehyde ketone compounds is slightly reduced. The structural characterization of the catalyst after the reaction shows that the surface of the catalyst has a small amount of carbon deposition.
Example 6:
the composition and the mass percentage of the catalyst in the embodiment are consistent with those in embodiment 1, and the catalyst is Fe: 27.78%, CaO: 28.06%, Mg (Al) O: 44.16 percent. The preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted, except that the calcination conditions of the catalyst in the preparation step are different, and the calcination temperature is increased from 500 ℃ to 800 ℃. Characterization found that the average size of the Fe nanoparticles in the prepared catalyst increased to 9.5 nm.
The on-line upgrading of the bio-oil crude was carried out under the same cracking conditions as in example 1. Experimental research shows that compared with a crude product of the bio-oil, the refined bio-oil has the advantages that the acids and the furans are completely removed, the content of the aldehyde ketone compounds is remarkably reduced to 3.02%, the content of the hydrocarbon compounds is increased to 20.52% (wherein the content of the aliphatic hydrocarbons is 12.89%, and the content of the aromatic hydrocarbons is 7.63%), and the content of the phenolic compounds is increased to 76.46%. The content of undesired compounds in the upgraded bio-oil is obviously reduced, the oxygen content and the acidity are obviously reduced, the stability is greatly improved, and the quality is obviously improved. Compared with the example 1, when the roasting temperature is increased to 800 ℃, the size of the Fe nano particles of the main active component of the catalyst is not obviously increased, so that the catalyst still maintains higher catalytic activity. The structural characterization of the catalyst after the reaction shows that the surface of the catalyst has no obvious carbon deposition.
Claims (4)
1. A method for online upgrading bio-oil by using an iron-based composite catalyst is characterized in that Fe/CaO/MgAlO is used as a catalyst, wood flour is used as a biomass raw material, biomass and the catalyst are filled in a reactor for fast pyrolysis, steam generated by biomass pyrolysis is directly subjected to catalytic cracking on the surface of the catalyst to obtain upgraded bio-oil steam, and finally GC/MS online component and content analysis is carried out on the upgraded bio-oil steam;
the catalyst takes MgAlO as a carrier, Fe as a main steam conversion active component, CaO as a cocatalyst component and a carrier, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 10 to 30 percent of Fe, 25 to 48 percent of CaO and 40 to 48 percent of MgAlO;
the catalyst is prepared by the following steps:
(a) preparation of hydrotalcite precursor: mixing Ca (NO)3)2∙6H2O、Mg(NO3)2∙6H2O、Al(NO3)3∙9H2O、Fe(NO3)3∙9H2Dissolving O in deionized water to prepare the solution with the concentration of [ Mg2+]+[Ca2+]+[Fe3+]+[Al3+]A mixed salt solution of = 1-1.6M; preparing NaOH solution with the concentration of 2 mol/L as a precipitator; under the condition of continuous strong stirring, slowly and continuously dropwise adding the prepared mixed salt solution into an alkali solution, controlling the pH value of the final solution to be 10.5-12, and forming a suspension after dropwise adding; crystallizing for 24h at room temperature, centrifuging and washing the obtained precipitation solution until the pH of the supernatant is 7, drying at 100 ℃ for 12h, and grinding to obtain a hydrotalcite single precursor with a laminate containing Fe, Ca, Mg and Al elements;
(b) calcining and reducing: weighing a certain amount of the single hydrotalcite precursor obtained in the step (a), placing the single hydrotalcite precursor in a tubular atmosphere furnace, calcining for 2-6 h at 500-800 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-based composite catalyst.
2. The method for on-line upgrading of bio-oil by using the iron-based composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactor is a cracking-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined device.
3. The method for on-line upgrading of bio-oil by using the iron-based composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 550-700 ℃, the retention time is 25s, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass is 10-20.
4. The method for on-line upgrading of bio-oil by using the iron-based composite catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst is loaded on one or both ends of the biomass raw material.
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