CN108847936A - Hybrid integrated quantum phase coding and decoding system based on PLC and LiNbO3 - Google Patents
Hybrid integrated quantum phase coding and decoding system based on PLC and LiNbO3 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108847936A CN108847936A CN201811016891.4A CN201811016891A CN108847936A CN 108847936 A CN108847936 A CN 108847936A CN 201811016891 A CN201811016891 A CN 201811016891A CN 108847936 A CN108847936 A CN 108847936A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
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Abstract
A kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, in LiNbO3The input terminal of chip, input optical fibre pass through LiNbO3Waveguide connects three-dB coupler, and the two-way output end of the three-dB coupler passes through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide connects two-way High speed phase modulators, in LiNbO3Chip output, two-way High speed phase modulators pass through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide is correspondingly connected with two-way waveguide coupled zone；In PLC chip input terminal, two-way PLC waveguide passes through two-way waveguide coupled zone and LiNbO respectively3The two-way LiNbO of chip section3Waveguide connection；PLC waveguide connects PLC delay line all the way, and another way PLC waveguide connects hot optical phase modulator；PLC delay line and hot optical phase modulator are separately connected two input terminals of directional coupler, and two output ends of directional coupler connect two-way output optical fibre.Compared with prior art, present invention combination LiNbO3With the advantage of two kinds of materials of PLC, LiNbO is utilized3Material makes High speed phase modulators, does low-loss delay using PLC waveguide, and the chip-scale for realizing AMZI is integrated, realizes high-speed phase coding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum phase coding techniques field, in particular to a kind of hybrid integrated based on PLC and LiNbO3
Quantum phase coding and decoding system.
Background technique
Quantum information technology originates from the eighties in last century, is broadly divided into quantum communications and the big research side of quantum calculation two
To.With being constantly progressive for science and technology, based on the encryption technology of classical information due to the limitation of its bottom basic principle, deposit
In intrinsic security risk.Quantum secret communication has unconditional peace physically because of quantum-mechanical philosophy
Quan Xing.Therefore, quantum key distribution technology (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) using more and more extensive.
The premise of quantum key distribution technology is to prepare quantum bit.The space encoder that one quantum bit utilizes is 2 dimensions
Hilbert space, common coding mode mainly have polarization encoder and phase code.Existing frequently-used phase code
Quantum key distribution scheme mostly uses traditional discrete optical component to build by technologies such as fused fiber splices, traditional
Phase code QKD system is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, phase code and phase decoding device are unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer
(AMZI), it is made of three-dB coupler, phase-modulator, fiber delay line etc., the encoder of transmitting terminal (Alice) and receiving end
(Bob) decoder requirements have equal arm length difference.Because the consistency of the AMZI arm length difference of transmitting terminal and receiving end is direct
Influence QKD system at code rate.In order to guarantee QKD at code rate, in actual production, the technique for usually requiring that fiber cut
It is even lower that precision reaches hundred micron orders, this point often it is difficult to ensure that.This is to restrict phase code QKD functionization and commercialization
Key difficulties.
In order to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 1, the units such as Japan NEC propose the horse using PLC waveguide production unequal arm
Conspicuous Zehnder interferometer.But the unequal arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer of PLC waveguide production, it cannot achieve the phase-modulation of high speed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of, and the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 is with decoding
System, with solve conventional phase coding QKD system in unequal arm MZI interferometer process consistency it is poor, cause QKD system low at code rate
The technical issues of.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, including it is sequentially connected defeated
Enter optical fiber, LiNbO3Chip, PLC chip and output optical fibre, the LiNbO3Chip includes LiNbO3Waveguide, three-dB coupler and two
Road High speed phase modulators, in LiNbO3The input terminal of chip, input optical fibre pass through LiNbO3Waveguide connects three-dB coupler, described
The two-way output end of three-dB coupler passes through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide connects two-way High speed phase modulators, in LiNbO3Chip output
End, two-way High speed phase modulators pass through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide is correspondingly connected with first wave guide coupled zone, second waveguide coupled zone,
The first wave guide coupled zone, second waveguide coupled zone are connect with PLC chip；
The PLC chip includes PLC waveguide, PLC delay line, directional coupler；In PLC chip input terminal, two-way PLC wave
It leads respectively through first wave guide coupled zone, second waveguide coupled zone and LiNbO3The two-way LiNbO of chip section3Waveguide connection；All the way
PLC waveguide connects PLC delay line, and another way PLC waveguide connects hot optical phase modulator；PLC delay line and hot optical phase modulator connect respectively
Two input terminals of directional coupler are connect, two output ends of directional coupler connect two-way output optical fibre.
Preferably, the three-dB coupler is Y type optical power score device, 2x2 directional coupler, appointing in multi-mode interferometer
It is a kind of.
Preferably, the LiNbO3Waveguide spreads manufacturing process using proton exchange, titanium.
Preferably, the refringence of the PLC waveguide is 0.5%-2%.
Preferably, the LiNbO3The polishing angle of chip input and output side is 10-15 °.
Preferably, the polishing angle of the PLC chip input terminal is 8-15 °, and the polishing angle of output end is 8 °.
Preferably, the manufacturing process of the PLC waveguide is that material is deposited on silicon base chip using chemical vapour deposition technique
On, recycle ultraviolet photolithographic technique to form the mask pattern of delay waveguide, it finally will using inductively coupled plasma etching technique
Mask pattern, which is transferred on the material of deposition, forms PLC waveguide.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects：
1, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 proposed by the present invention and decoding system, knot
The advantage for having closed two kinds of materials of LiNbO3 and PLC is made High speed phase modulators using LiNbO3 material, is done using PLC waveguide
Low-loss delay, the chip-scale for realizing AMZI is integrated, and with being lost, small, phase code rate is high, device cost is low, size
It is small, the advantages that can be mass produced.
2, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 provided by the invention and decoding system, benefit
It is difficult to solve conventional phase coding QKD system fiber cut precision for the consistency that ensure that AMZI arm length difference with semiconductor technology
The problem of to guarantee.
3, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 provided by the invention and decoding system,
Code and decode AMZI there are two high speed phase converter, can combine realization 0 by way of digital modulation, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s, 4
Kind phase code, realizes the phase code of high speed.
4, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 of the invention and decoding system, due to PLC
Very small (about 0.1dB) is lost in the waveguide transmission that is delayed, and as the loss of the two-arm of AMZI, does not need to increase additional device or work
Skill adjusts the light power equalization of two-arm, meanwhile, it is smaller compared with legacy system in the Insertion Loss of receiving terminal (Bob), it may be implemented bigger
Transmission range；
5, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 provided by the invention and decoding system,
Coding chip is identical with the structure of decoding chip, and the uniformity of device may be implemented, and saves research and development and manufacturing cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is phase code QKD system schematic diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding and the principle of decoding system based on PLC and LiNbO3 of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
In figure：10- single-photon source, 11-3dB coupler, 12- optical fiber, 13- fiber delay line, 14- phase-modulator, 15-
Three-dB coupler, 16- fiber channel, 17-3dB coupler, 18- optical fiber, 19- fiber delay line, 110- phase-modulator, 111-
Three-dB coupler, 112- single-photon detector, 113- single-photon detector, 21- input optical fibre, 22-LiNbO3Waveguide, 23-3dB
Coupler, 24- the first high speed phase converter, 25- the second high speed phase converter, 26-LiNbO3Chip, 27- first wave guide coupled zone,
28- second waveguide coupled zone, the hot optical phase modulator of 29-, 210-PLC delay line, 211-PLC waveguide, 212- directional coupler, 213-
PLC chip, 214- output optical fibre.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 of the invention is with decoding
System, including sequentially connected input optical fibre 21, LiNbO3Chip 26, PLC chip 213 and output optical fibre 214, the output light
Fibre 214 includes two-way, the LiNbO3Chip 26 includes LiNbO3Waveguide 22, three-dB coupler 23 and the modulation of two-way high-speed phase
Device, the two-way are the first High speed phase modulators 24 and the second High speed phase modulators 25；In LiNbO326 input terminal of chip, the
One High speed phase modulators 24 and the second High speed phase modulators 25 pass through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide 22 is correspondingly connected with first wave guide
Coupled zone 27, second waveguide coupled zone 28, the first wave guide coupled zone 27, second waveguide coupled zone 28 with PLC chip 213
Connection；
The PLC chip 213 includes PLC waveguide 211, PLC delay line 210, directional coupler 212；In PLC chip 213
Input terminal, two-way PLC waveguide 211 pass through first wave guide coupled zone 27, second waveguide coupled zone 28 and LiNbO respectively3Chip 26
The two-way LiNbO of section3Waveguide 22 connects；PLC waveguide 211 connects PLC delay line 210 all the way, and another way PLC waveguide 211 connects
Hot optical phase modulator 29；PLC delay line 210 and hot optical phase modulator 29 are separately connected two input terminals of directional coupler 212, orientation
Two output ends of coupler 212 connect two-way output optical fibre 214.
LiNbO3Chip 26, PLC chip 213 are connected by waveguide coupled zone, by LiNbO inside the waveguide coupled zone3
Waveguide 22 is coupled and aligned with PLC waveguide 211 by high-precision Alignment Process.
The input optical fibre 21, effect is that quantum optical signal is coupled to PLC and LiNbO3Hybrid integrated type amount
Sub- phase code or decoding chip.
The LiNbO3Chip 26 and the PLC chip 213, forming has high-speed phase coding or decoding function
AMZI, when coding, make AMZI two-arm realize 0, pi/2, π, a certain given reference phase difference in 3 pi/2s, and when decoding realizes 0, in pi/2
A certain given reference phase difference.
The two-way output optical fibre 214, when executing encoding function as chip, certain of output optical fibre 214 connects all the way
It is connected to fiber channel；When executing decoding function as chip, two-way output optical fibre 214 is separately connected two single photon detections
Device.
The three-dB coupler 23 is designed to Y type optical power beam splitter, input light is divided into the light of two beam same intensities
And it is respectively coupled to the first High speed phase modulators 24 and the second High speed phase modulators 25.
First High speed phase modulators 24 and the second High speed phase modulators 25 realize 0, pi/2 and 0, π phase respectively
Position modulation.This implementation can reduce requirement of the high speed phase converter to driving voltage.
LiNbO is realized in the first wave guide coupled zone 27, second waveguide coupled zone 283Chip 26 and PLC chip 213
Optical coupled connection.
The PLC delay line 210, realizes the delay of light pulse signal.
The hot optical phase modulator 29 realizes the initial phase biasing and feedback regulation of AMZI.
The directional coupler 212 realizes the conjunction beam of the two-arm of AMZI.
The LiNbO3The polishing angle of 26 input and output side of chip is 10 °.
The polishing angle of 213 input terminal of PLC chip is 15 °, and the polishing angle of output end is 8 °.
The LiNbO3The manufacturing process of waveguide 22 is proton exchange.
The refringence of the PLC waveguide 211 is 0.75%.
PLC and LiNbO3The course of work of hybrid integrated type quantum phase coding chip be：The light that single-photon source generates
Subsignal is coupled to phase code chip by input optical fibre 21, adjusts hot optical phase modulator for the initial phase difference of AMZI and is modulated to π
Phase, it is poor using 4 kinds of outs of phase of the first High speed phase modulators 24 and the load of 25 combining random of the second High speed phase modulators
(0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s) realizes 4 kinds of different phase states of output, and is output to light by any road of output optical fibre 214 or 215
Fine channel.Wherein 0, π is one group of orthogonal basis, and pi/2,3 pi/2s are another group of orthogonal basis.Phase code process is as shown in table 1.
PLC and LiNbO3The course of work of hybrid integrated type quantum phase decoding chip be：Photon in fiber channel
Signal is coupled to phase decoding chip by input optical fibre 21, adjusts hot optical phase modulator for the initial phase difference of AMZI and is modulated to 0 phase
Position, the 2 kinds of differences of some random loading combined using the first High speed phase modulators 24 with the second High speed phase modulators 25
Phase difference (0, pi/2) realizes 2 kinds of different measurement base phase states.Decoded optical signal is exported by two-way output optical fibre 214
It is coupled to two single-photon detectors.Phase decoding process is as shown in table 2.
1 phase code example of table
2 phase decoding example of table
Comprehensive structure and principle of the invention are it is found that the hybrid integrated quantum phase of the invention based on PLC and LiNbO3
Coding and decoding system, in conjunction with LiNbO3With the advantage of two kinds of materials of PLC, LiNbO is utilized3Material makes High speed phase modulators,
Low-loss delay is done using PLC waveguide, the chip-scale for realizing AMZI is integrated, realizes high-speed phase coding.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, including sequentially connected input
Optical fiber, LiNbO3Chip, PLC chip and output optical fibre, which is characterized in that the LiNbO3Chip includes LiNbO3Waveguide, 3dB
Coupler and two-way High speed phase modulators, in LiNbO3The input terminal of chip, input optical fibre pass through LiNbO3Waveguide connects 3dB
The two-way output end of coupler, the three-dB coupler passes through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide connects two-way High speed phase modulators,
LiNbO3Chip output, two-way High speed phase modulators pass through LiNbO respectively3Waveguide is correspondingly connected with first wave guide coupled zone,
Two waveguide coupled zones, the first wave guide coupled zone, second waveguide coupled zone are connect with PLC chip；
The PLC chip includes PLC waveguide, PLC delay line, directional coupler；In PLC chip input terminal, two-way PLC waveguide point
It Tong Guo not first wave guide coupled zone, second waveguide coupled zone and LiNbO3The two-way LiNbO of chip section3Waveguide connection；PLC all the way
Waveguide connects PLC delay line, and another way PLC waveguide connects hot optical phase modulator；PLC delay line and hot optical phase modulator are separately connected fixed
To two input terminals of coupler, two output ends of directional coupler connect two-way output optical fibre.
2. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the three-dB coupler is any one of Y type optical power score device, 2x2 directional coupler, multi-mode interferometer.
3. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the LiNbO3Waveguide spreads manufacturing process using proton exchange, titanium.
4. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the refringence of the PLC waveguide is 0.5%-2%.
5. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the LiNbO3The polishing angle of chip input and output side is 10-15 °.
6. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the polishing angle of the PLC chip input terminal is 8-15 °, and the polishing angle of output end is 8 °.
7. the hybrid integrated quantum phase coding based on PLC and LiNbO3 and decoding system, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the manufacturing process of the PLC waveguide is that material is deposited on silicon base chip using chemical vapour deposition technique, is recycled ultraviolet
Photoetching process forms the mask pattern of delay waveguide, is finally transferred to mask pattern using inductively coupled plasma etching technique
PLC waveguide is formed on the material of deposition.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109343173A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of interferometer that hybrid waveguide is integrated |
| CN109521520A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated electric signal delayer of waveguide |
| CN110196710A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-03 | 弦海（上海）量子科技有限公司 | The quantum random number generator of chip structure zero-difference detection |
| CN110224819A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | A kind of on piece decoder and coding/decoding method for time BB84 agreement |
| CN110417550A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | A kind of coding chip for quantum key distribution |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109343173A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of interferometer that hybrid waveguide is integrated |
| CN109343173B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-08-25 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer |
| CN109521520A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated electric signal delayer of waveguide |
| CN110196710A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-03 | 弦海（上海）量子科技有限公司 | The quantum random number generator of chip structure zero-difference detection |
| CN110196710B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2023-06-16 | 弦海（上海）量子科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator for homodyne detection of chip structure |
| CN110224819A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | A kind of on piece decoder and coding/decoding method for time BB84 agreement |
| CN110224819B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | On-chip decoder for time BB84 protocol |
| CN110417550A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | A kind of coding chip for quantum key distribution |
| CN110417550B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Encoding chip for quantum key distribution |
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