CN108845159A - A kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device and method based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force - Google Patents
A kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device and method based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
A kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device and method based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force, belongs to angular acceleration field of measuring technique.There is a medicine ball in the device, medicine ball can be transferred to flexible block by rigid block movement along outer wall package radial direction free movement, medicine ball post exercise centrifugal force, and flexible block is as stress matrix；Foil gauge is fixed on flexible block surface, for detecting the radial strain of flexible block, passes through the suffered centrifugal force of medicine ball when formula inverse construction torsion；Lateral Displacement connecting rod limits the displacement of medicine ball for connecting rigid block movement and pulley, makes it can only be along device longitudinal movement；Pulley moves freely rigid block movement.The present invention measures the dynamic that the measurement of transient state angular acceleration is converted into medicine ball centrifugal force；And the longitudinal strain measurement of flexible block is converted for centrifugal force by device；The dynamic monitoring of low cost is realized using foil gauge, so that relatively accurate acquires structure due to dynamic angular acceleration caused by meeting power effect by chance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering structure dynamic torsional deflection field of measuring technique, are related to a kind of based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force
Structure angle acceleration measurement device and method, be suitable for dynamic monitoring earthquake, explosion, wind load act on lower civil engineering structure and turn round
Rotate the transient state angular acceleration of force-responsive.
Background technique
In civil engineering, power actuated influence is met in wind-engaging, explosion, earthquake etc. by chance, due to the asymmetry of structure, just
Degree center has more with active force resultant direction not to be overlapped, and around center of rigidity fast transient may can occur for structure in the horizontal plane
Twist motion can influence the general safety of engineering structure when serious, therefore the measurement of transient state angular acceleration is for rational judgment structure
Torsional deflection and suffered external force torque are of great significance.But it due to the complexity of fast transient deformation monitoring, especially turns round
The factors such as corner is the relative measurement relative to the centre of twist again, changeable by external applied load, and rigidity of structure center may change
It influences, causes at present in the daily monitoring process of Engineering Structure Distortion, capture since transient state angle caused by meeting power effect by chance adds
Mode used by speed is more original.
In field of civil engineering, for angular deformation measurement mostly based on structure rigid body it is assumed that after determining the centre of twist, first survey
The linear acceleration of two remote reference points is measured, then calculates the difference of two linear accelerations, then by seeking the difference and two
The ratio of point distance, to obtain the angular acceleration of structure.But premise in this way is that the angle at each position of structure adds
Speed is consistent, but in the practical application of civil engineering, and the angular acceleration of structure often changes because of the difference of position,
Approximate can only measure the whole angular acceleration of structure in this way, and the position of two reference points to institute's angle measurement acceleration by
It is affected.If studying angular acceleration in the distribution characteristics on the upper each position of structure one side, this method is simultaneously improper.
Angular rate gyroscope can also be used by measuring dynamic angular acceleration, angular speed be obtained using it, using to the time
Processing obtains angular acceleration.Gyroscope utilizes conservation of angular momentum principle, is in short exactly to utilize the object when bonding force square is zero
Body high speed rotation generates biggish angular momentum, and since angular momentum remains unchanged, rotary shaft can steadily be directed toward always a direction
Property.But it has the following disadvantages：1) enough, metastable angular momentum is needed, is otherwise not enough to maintain gyroscope
The stability of rotation；2) it needs to be always maintained at rotation, this is not suitable for long term monitoring building or the angle of structure basis accelerates
Degree；3) that structure is complicated is accurate for angular rate gyroscope, is used for a long time and needs a large amount of maintenance costs.At this stage, benefit has been had been developed that
With lasergyro, the fibre optic gyroscope for calculating optical path difference, and the micro-electro-mechanical gyroscope of the Coriolis force based on physics
Deng, but these angular rate gyroscopes are suitable for aviation machine electronic field more, in the long-term adverse circumstances of the complexity of civil engineering
It is lower to use seldom.Currently, there are also other several such as pressure resistance type angular acceleration transducers, Pendular ring type angular acceleration transducer, pressures
The instrument of the angle measurements acceleration such as electric-type angular acceleration transducer, but often structure is complicated, is used for Mechatronic Engineering as much.
During building structure deforms long term monitoring, met by chance in wind-engaging, explosion, earthquake etc. power actuated complicated severe
Under environment, the dynamic changes such as construction torsion have the characteristics that sudden, instantaneity and transience, and there is an urgent need for a kind of principle letters now
Single, easy maintenance is easily installed and can be chronically at armed state, can timely respond to excite, and capturing structure is a certain rapidly
The instrument of the instantaneous angular acceleration dynamic regime of dynamic at position.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of structure angular acceleration based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force
Measuring device, the basic principle that the present invention uses are：When construction torsion, the device for having quality reversed together with structure can be produced
Raw centrifugal modelling, the present invention are converted into the measurement of transient state angular acceleration the measurement of dynamic centrifugal power, and passing through device will be from
Mental and physical efforts are converted into the stress measurement on foil gauge, realize dynamic monitoring process using foil gauge.And foil gauge have stable operation,
Work it is long-acting, under complex working condition the features such as good application effect, thus under the conditions of realizing long term monitoring, for meeting power effect by chance
The real-time measurement of caused angular acceleration.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force, including internal core device, outer wall envelope
Dress cover and digital sampling and processing, internal core device be fixed on institute's geodesic structure surface by outer wall package, and with number
It is connected according to acquisition processing module by conducting wire；Outer wall package limits the displacement of medicine ball for protecting internal core device,
Make it can only be along device longitudinal movement.
Internal core device includes medicine ball, rigid block movement, flexible block, foil gauge, lateral Displacement connecting rod, pulley, rail
Road.Medicine ball is spherical entity, and material property is uniform, and mass center is at the centre of sphere.Medicine ball and outer wall package and rigid block movement
It is point contact, can move freely.Rigid block movement two sides are connect with medicine ball point contact, with one end of flexible block respectively,
For transmitting the power between medicine ball and flexible block；The other two sides of rigid block movement are connected by lateral Displacement connecting rod and pulley
It connects, pulley limitation is in orbit.The other end of flexible block is fixed on outer wall package inner wall, as stress matrix.Strain
Piece is fixed on the surface of flexible block, and foil gauge is connected by conducting wire with digital sampling and processing.
Using the method for above-mentioned apparatus measurement structure angular acceleration, this method can realize dynamic monitoring using foil gauge
Journey, so that relatively accurate acquires structure since angular acceleration caused by power acts on is met in wind, explosion, earthquake etc. by chance.Including with
Lower step：
The first step, the body structure surface measured needed for the device of measurement structure angular acceleration instrument is fixed on.If in device
Medicine ball is head, then device head both faces towards the centre of twist of structure.
Second step, in the case of construction torsion, due to the presence of medicine ball centrifugal force, so that medicine ball acts on Stiff Block
Body simultaneously because ideal rigid block movement will not deform, therefore transmits the force to flexible block, and flexible block stress generates after squeezing
Strain measured by foil gauge, the size of centrifugal force F is obtained by the resulting strain stress of foil gauge：
F=ε × E × A
Wherein, E is the elasticity modulus of flexible block；A is the cross-sectional area of flexible block；ε is the strain of flexible block,
And ε=εIt surveys-ε0, wherein εIt surveysFor the strain of the flexible block directly measured, ε0For the flexibility due to caused by body structure surface out-of-flatness
The initial strain of block.
Third step, the present invention convert the measurement of transient state angular acceleration to the measurement of dynamic centrifugal power, calculate construction torsion
The formula of angular velocity omega be：
Wherein, m is the quality of medicine ball；ω is the angular speed of construction torsion, while being also medicine ball with construction torsion
Angular speed；R is construction torsion center at a distance from medicine ball；F is the centrifugal force of medicine ball.
4th step utilizes (6) formula to calculate the angular acceleration of construction torsion, i.e.,
Wherein t1、t2At the time of for arbitrary two infinite approachs, ω1、ω2For t1、t2Moment corresponding torsion
Angular speed when turning.
In summary four step can immediately arrive at：
Wherein α is the instantaneous angular acceleration of structure, ε1、ε2For t1、t2The strain of moment corresponding flexible block,
His parameter physical significance is described before seeing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Maintenance cost is relatively low, can the sudden torsion of long-term real-time monitoring structure and
The rotary state of structure；It, can dynamic in complex environment at a certain position of rapid capturing structure not vulnerable to external environment influence
Instantaneous angular acceleration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that device is fixed on the stereoscopic schematic diagram in structure；
Fig. 2 is that device is fixed on body structure surface floor map；
Fig. 3 is device internal core device floor map；
Fig. 4 is device internal core device A-A diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 5 is device internal core device B-B diagrammatic cross-section.
In figure：1 structural outer surface；2 internal core devices；3 outer wall packages；4 medicine balls；5 rigid block movements；6 flexible blocks
Body；7 foil gauges；8 lateral Displacement connecting rods；9 pulleys；10 tracks；11 conducting wires；12 digital sampling and processings.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to technical solution and attached drawing, in detail narration a specific embodiment of the invention：
A kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force, the device include internal core device 2,
Outer wall package 3 and digital sampling and processing 12；Internal core device 2 is fixed on outside institute's geodesic structure by outer wall package 3
Surface 1, internal core device 2 are connected with digital sampling and processing 12 by conducting wire 11, and outer wall package 3 is for protecting inside
Core apparatus 2, and the displacement of medicine ball 4 is limited, make it can only be along device longitudinal movement.
The internal core device 2 includes medicine ball 4, rigid block movement 5, flexible block 6, foil gauge 7, lateral Displacement company
Bar 8, pulley 9, track 10.The medicine ball 4 is spherical entity, and material property is uniform, and mass center is at the centre of sphere.Medicine ball 4
With five faces (using the position Fig. 3 as standard, including upper and lower, forward and backward, inner left wall) of 3 inner wall of outer wall package and rigid block movement 5
It is point contact, medicine ball 4 can be move freely, but be limited to outer wall package 3 and rigid block movement 5, not by the state of external force
It is lower to be in the state fixed relative to outer wall package 3.Described 5 one end of rigid block movement (left side) and 4 point contact of medicine ball,
The opposite other end (right side) is connect with one end of flexible block 6, for transmitting the power between medicine ball 4 and flexible block 6.
The other opposite both ends (upper and lower side in Fig. 3) of the rigid block movement 5 are connect by lateral Displacement connecting rod 8 with pulley 9, sliding
Wheel 9 is limited on track 10, and track 10 is fixed on 3 inner wall of outer wall package, guarantees that rigid block movement 5 can in the case where stress
It moves freely along longitudinal direction.The other end of the flexible block 6 is fixed on the right side inner wall of outer wall package 3, as stress base
Body；Foil gauge 7 is fixed on flexible 6 surface of block, is connected by conducting wire 11 with digital sampling and processing 12, for detecting flexibility
The strain of block 6, the centrifugal force that medicine ball generates when construction torsion is obtained by calculation.
Using the method for above-mentioned apparatus measurement structure angular acceleration, steps are as follows：
The first step, the structural outer surface 1 measured needed for the device of measurement structure angular acceleration instrument is fixed on.If with device
Middle medicine ball 4 is head, then the centre of twist of head all structure-orienteds.
Second step, the device of measurement structure angular acceleration instrument is in torsion, due to the presence of 4 centrifugal force of medicine ball,
So that medicine ball 4 acts on rigid block movement 5, since ideal rigid block movement 5 will not deform, therefore flexible block 6 is transmitted the force to,
The strain that flexible 6 stress of block generates after squeezing is measured by foil gauge 7, and it is big to obtain centrifugal force by the resulting strain stress of foil gauge 7
It is small：
F=ε × E × A (1)
Wherein, E is the elasticity modulus of the flexible block 6 in device；A is the flexible block 6 and 4 point contact of medicine ball of device
The cross-sectional area in place face, the as cross-sectional area of device flexibility block 6；ε is the strain of flexible block 6, and ε=
εIt surveys-ε0, wherein εIt surveysFor the strain of the flexible block 6 directly measured, ε0For the initial strain due to caused by body structure surface out-of-flatness.
Derivation process is：Mechanics of materials formula
Wherein, σ is stress suffered by object cross section, and ε is the strain that flexible article occurs due to by stress, and E is material
Elasticity modulus.
Wherein, F is external force suffered by flexible block cross section, the cross section that A is acted on by external force.
Relational expression (1) can be obtained by substituting into (2) by formula (3).
Third step converts the measurement of transient state angular acceleration to the measurement of dynamic centrifugal power, calculates the angle speed of construction torsion
Spend ω：
Wherein, m is the quality of medicine ball 4, and ω is the angular speed of construction torsion, while being also medicine ball 4 with construction torsion
Angular speed；R is construction torsion center at a distance from medicine ball 4；F is the centrifugal force of medicine ball 4.
Derivation process：When object moves in a circle around a bit, centrifugal force can be generated, so that the object leaves rotation
The trend at center.In the present invention, ω is the angular speed of structure rotation, while being also the angular speed that medicine ball 4 rotates, and m is real
The quality of bulbus cordis 4, r are construction torsion center at a distance from medicine ball 4；F is the centrifugal force of medicine ball 4.Then have
F=m ω2r (5)
Relational expression (4) can be obtained by (5).
4th step utilizes (6) formula to calculate the angular acceleration of structure rotation, i.e.,
Wherein t1、t2At the time of for arbitrary two infinite approachs, ω1、ω2For t1、t2Moment corresponding torsion
Angular speed when turning.
In summary four step can immediately arrive at：
Wherein α is the instantaneous angular acceleration of structure, ε1、ε2For t1、t2The strain of moment corresponding flexible block,
His parameter physical significance is described before seeing.
Derivation process：
F1、F2For t1、t2External force suffered by moment corresponding flexible block cross section, numerically equal to suffered by medicine ball
Centrifugal force, other parameters physical significance is described before seeing.
Due to present invention may determine that a certain fixed point transient state angular acceleration, on the one hand can be with a certain pass of precise measurement structure
Angular acceleration at key position；On the other hand, the angular acceleration of structure entirety can use the measurement of multiple fixed points also to determine.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of structure angle acceleration measurement device based on dynamic measurement centrifugal force, which is characterized in that the structure angle adds
Velocity measuring device includes internal core device (2), outer wall package (3) and data acquisition process component (12)；Internal core
Device (2) is fixed on institute's geodesic structure outer surface (1), internal core device (2) and data acquisition process by outer wall package (3)
Module (12) is connected, and outer wall package (3) limits the displacement of medicine ball (4) for protecting internal core device (2), makes it
It can only be along device longitudinal movement；
The internal core device (2) includes medicine ball (4), rigid block movement (5), flexible block (6), foil gauge (7), lateral
Limit connecting rod (8), pulley (9), track (10)；The medicine ball (4) is spherical entity, and material property is uniform, and mass center exists
At the centre of sphere；Medicine ball (4) and outer wall package (3) inner wall and be point contact with rigid block movement (5), medicine ball (4) can be free
Activity, but it is limited to outer wall package (3) and rigid block movement (5), relative to outer wall package (3) in the state of not by external force
In fixed state；Described rigid block movement (5) one end and medicine ball (4) point contact, the opposite other end and flexible block
One end of body (6) connects, for transmitting the power between medicine ball (4) and flexible block (6)；The rigid block movement (5) is in addition
Both ends are connect by lateral Displacement connecting rod (8) with pulley (9), and pulley (9) is limited on track (10), and track (10) is fixed on outer
Wall package (3) inner wall guarantees that rigid block movement (5) can move freely in the case where stress；The flexible block (6)
The other end is fixed on the right side inner wall of outer wall package (3), as stress matrix；Foil gauge (7) is fixed on flexible block (6) table
Face, and be connected with data acquisition process part (12), for detecting the strain of flexible block (6), torsion is obtained by calculation
The centrifugal force that medicine ball (4) generates when turning.
2. using the method for device measurement structure angular acceleration described in claim 1, it is characterised in that following steps：
The first step, the structural outer surface (1) measured needed for the device of measurement structure angular acceleration instrument is fixed on；If in device
Medicine ball (4) is head, then the centre of twist of head all structure-orienteds；
Second step, the device of measurement structure angular acceleration instrument, due to the presence of medicine ball (4) centrifugal force, make in torsion
It obtains medicine ball (4) and acts on rigid block movement (5), since ideal rigid block movement (5) will not deform, therefore transmit the force to flexible block
Body (6), the strain that flexible block (6) stress generates after squeezing are measured by foil gauge (7), are obtained by foil gauge (7) resulting strain stress
To centrifugal force size：
F=ε × E × A (1)
Wherein, E is the elasticity modulus of the flexible block (6) in device；A is that the flexible block (6) of device and medicine ball (4) point connect
The cross-sectional area in face, the as cross-sectional area of device flexibility block (6) where touching；ε is the strain of flexible block (6), and
And ε=εIt surveys-ε0, wherein εIt surveysFor the strain of the flexible block (6) directly measured, ε0It is soft due to caused by body structure surface out-of-flatness
The initial strain of property block (6)；
Relational expression (1) can be obtained by substituting into (2) by formula (3)；
Third step converts the measurement of transient state angular acceleration to the measurement of dynamic centrifugal power, calculates the angular velocity omega of construction torsion：
Wherein, m is the quality of medicine ball (4), and ω is the angular speed of construction torsion, while being also medicine ball (4) with construction torsion
Angular speed；R is construction torsion center at a distance from medicine ball (4) centre of sphere；F is the centrifugal force of medicine ball (4)；
4th step utilizes (6) formula to calculate the angular acceleration of structure rotation, i.e.,
Wherein t1、t2At the time of for arbitrary two infinite approachs, ω1、ω2For t1、t2When moment corresponding construction torsion
Angular speed；
In summary four step can immediately arrive at：
Wherein α is the instantaneous angular acceleration of structure, ε1、ε2For t1、t2The strain of moment corresponding flexible block, other parameters
Physical significance is described before seeing.
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| CN109406016A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of ball-type motion and stress monitoring instrument of side slope model test |
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