CN108829994A - Multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling stitches high method for solving - Google Patents

Multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling stitches high method for solving Download PDF

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CN108829994A
CN108829994A CN201810655968.6A CN201810655968A CN108829994A CN 108829994 A CN108829994 A CN 108829994A CN 201810655968 A CN201810655968 A CN 201810655968A CN 108829994 A CN108829994 A CN 108829994A
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crack
pressure
net
fracture
fluid
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CN108829994B (en
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崔晓娜
杨二龙
宋考平
王梅
董驰
张晓彤
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Northeast Petroleum University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation

Abstract

The present invention relates to multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modelings to stitch high method for solving, specially：One, the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break is established, level top bottom depth data etc. corresponding to layer shale formation each in model is inputted into computer；Two, grid dividing is carried out to the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break；Three, the crack initiation since perforating site is calculated separately, crack grows into fluid net pressure value in crack when crack tip stress intensity factor corresponding to each grid node is shale formation fracture toughness where the grid node of tip upward or downward；Four, the Fluid pressure for entering crack at any one perforating site is given, net pressure is solved；Five, it compares and finds in the net pressure matrix obtained with net pressure to three；Step 6: entering the Fluid pressure in crack at variation perforating site, four or five are repeated, realizes that high calculating is stitched in crack under different frac pressures.The crack seam that the present invention accurately could calculate and predict that shale gas well fracturing reform is formed is high.

Description

Multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling stitches high method for solving
Technical field
The present invention relates to shale reservoir fracture technologies, and in particular to multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling seam is high to be solved Method.
Background technique
Shale gas has been considered as the important sustainable energy of substitution coal and conventional oil natural gas.The whole world of shale gas is total Stock number is about 4.56 × 1014m3, account for about the 50% of global unconventional petroleum resources, be equivalent to 1.4 times of conventional gas, mesh It is preceding to be acknowledged as changing world energy sources general layout, so that global Oil Gas exploration is showed the important energy source of good development prospect.
Bureau of Energy of China was in publication on September 14th, 2016《Shale gas development plan（2016-2020）》Show " 13 Five " will develop shale gas and its development of mating production technique is paid close attention and policy inclination, and the year two thousand twenty strives realizing page Rock gas yield 300 × 108m3.China's natural gas supply in 2015 has about 600 × 10 according to statistics8m3The notch of left and right needs By import, it is contemplated that arrive the year two thousand twenty, domestic natural gas notch will be up to 1000 × 108m3.If energy Efficient Development shale gas resource is to me State's national economic development and the supply of national energy strategy are significant.
The effective exploitation of shale gas needs to combine extensive hydraulic fracturing technology, wherein hydraulic fracturing by horizontal well drilling The seam height in crack is an important parameter for describing fracture pattern.When FRACTURING DESIGN the solution of fracture height accurately whether directly Post-fracturing effect is influenced, or even determines fracturing work success.
It is certain in order to reach in FRACTURING DESIGN if the fracture height of solution is less than the fracture height that can actually generate Design stitch high, need to increase pump note discharge capacity, thus penetrate interlayer there may be fracturing fracture or block stratum extension, cause to be permitted Mostly unnecessary production accident, in addition, also will cause construction cost increase due to adding additional unnecessary pump note discharge capacity.
If the fracture height of solution is greater than the fracture height that can actually generate, in FRACTURING DESIGN, in order to reduce crack Seam is high, needs to reduce pump note discharge capacity, thus may cause post-fracturing crack seam height and is unable to reach needs of expected design, makes pressure break Volume is transformed to reduce, fracturing effect is poor or even pressure break is caused to fail.
So needing accurately to calculate the crack seam height that pressure break is capable of forming when FRACTURING DESIGN, fracturing work just can guarantee Smoothly carry out.
Previous researcher mainly uses two kinds of sides of quasi-3-dimensional model and full threedimensional model to the solution of fracturing fracture height Method.Since full threedimensional model computational efficiency is poor compared with quasi-3-dimensional model, and in the big ruler of industrial applications, especially massive hydraulic fracture When spending results of fracture simulation, quasi-3-dimensional model shows better applicability, so pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling is petroleum industry first choice Efficient crack solving model.
Solution of the scholars to fracture height in quasi-3-dimensional model, can substantially be classified as two classes：
One kind is that simple fracture height solves, it is assumed that crack only considers that stratum contains one layer always in reservoir internal stretch The case where reservoir.This height solving model is relatively simple, but differs greatly with actual formation situation, also leads to the model solution Fracture height there are large errors.
Another kind of is that complicated fracture height solves, it is assumed that crack can penetrate upper and lower stratum interlayer other than reservoir or Barrier bed extends.This height solving model compared with single layer reservoir hypothesis closer to actual formation situation, but at present the class model The hypothesis of the stratum number of plies is all limited, and generally there was only three layers, that is, includes reservoir He Shan, lower barrier bed.
For shale formation, the paper largely studying and deliver is it has been shown that the stratification of shale is largely developed, such page Rock stratum is actually the set of longitudinal multilayer formation, and when pressure break, crack is necessarily required to extend to form in multilayer formation certain Crack stitch it is high.This also illustrates existing fracturing model, either single layer stitch high model or MULTI-LAYER FINITE CYLINDRICAL stitch high model all without The fracture height that method is suitable for practical shale formation breakdown solves.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modelings to stitch high method for solving, this multilayer shale quasi- three Dimension fracturing model stitches high method for solving, and for solving in the prior art, to the solution of shale formation fracturing fracture height, there are errors Or unconformable problem.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：This multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling seam is high Method for solving：
Step 1: the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break is established, it will be in the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break Level top bottom depth data, crustal stress data, Fracture Toughness of Rocks and perforating depth data corresponding to each layer shale formation Computer is inputted, as inactive data；
Step 2: grid dividing is carried out to the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break, to inject the perforating depth of fracturing fluid For initial position, 500 grids are downwardly and upwardly respectively divided, and to each grid node assignment, respectively in filling step one Corresponding attribute data is inputted, is to increase direction to well depth downwards, is to reduce direction to well depth upwards；
Step 3: calculating separately the crack initiation since perforating site according to Theory of Fracture Mechanics, crack is grown into often upward or downward When crack tip stress intensity factor corresponding to a grid node is shale formation fracture toughness where the grid node of tip Fluid net pressure value in crackP net(x)；Integral way is used when calculating, path of integration includes the institute that fracture extension is passed through There is stratum, and segmentation solution is carried out to each section of stratum, realizes the superposition of multilayer formation；
The formula of determining crack tip stress intensity factor is in fracture mechanics：
In formula：CFor crack dummy joint height, m；P net(x) be crack in any position fluid net pressure, numerical value be equal to fluid pressure The difference of power and the horizontal minimum principal stress in stratum, MPa；
Solving obtained fluid net pressure value is onem×n=500 × 500 matrix,mRepresent the institute downward from perforating site There is node location data,nRepresent all node location datas upward from perforating site；
Step 4: giving the Fluid pressure for entering crack at any one perforating site, then crack will be entered at perforating site Fluid pressure and the horizontal minimum principal stress on place depth stratum make the difference and solve net pressureP net(x)；
Step 5: with the net pressure solved in step 4P net(x) go step 3m×n=500 × 500 fine pressure torque It goes comparison to find in battle array, increases firstmIt is 1 that corresponding grid values, which enable it, is then continuously increasedn, find first and be greater than step The net pressure solved in fourP net(x) position be fracture height at this time, crack lower extreme point is 1 position on the downside of perforation Corresponding depth, crack upper extreme point are to search depth corresponding to position on the upside of perforation；Such asm=1 can not find the grid section of satisfaction Point increasesmNumerical value, until its value is equal to 500, end is found；During searching, there are side arrival in crack upper end or lower endm= 500 orn=500 position terminates to find, and illustrates that fracture height has been extended to top interface or bottom interface；
Step 6: entering the Fluid pressure in crack at variation perforating site, step 4-step 5 is repeated, realizes different pressure break pressures High calculating is stitched in crack under power, finally draws crack seam Seedling height with the pass for the change in fluid pressure for entering crack at perforating site It is curve；
Enter the net pressure that the Fluid pressure in crack calculates at such as given perforating siteP net(x) it is less than step 3m×n= All data in 500 × 500 net pressure matrix, illustrating to enter at perforating site the Fluid pressure in crack, the value is too small, crack Crack initiation extension will not occur.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, the multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling provided through the invention stitches high method for solving, accurately can calculate and predict page The crack to be formed seam height is transformed in rock gas well fracturing, provides foundation for FRACTURING DESIGN；
2, the multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling provided through the invention stitches high method for solving, can overcome previous seam is high to calculate Model can not consider crack seam height the shortcomings that extending in the different shale formation of multilayer attribute, make to stitch high calculated result truer Reliably；
3, the multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling provided through the invention stitches high method for solving, can be to avoid due to predicting crack Height is less than practical fracture height and blindly increases fracturing fracture caused by pump note discharge capacity and penetrate interlayer or block stratum extension Phenomenon reduces unnecessary accident and reduces construction cost.
4, the multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling provided through the invention stitches high method for solving, can be to avoid due to prediction Fracture height is greater than practical fracture height and blindly reduces crack caused by pump note discharge capacity and stitch height and be unable to reach desired design and want Phenomenon is sought, the poor even pressure break failure of fracturing effect caused by avoiding fracturing parameter design unreasonable.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break.
Schematic diagram, which only depicts stratum, 6 layers of situation, and model is not limited to 6 layers.CFor crack dummy joint height, m；P net(x) be Any point fluid net pressure, MPa in crack；h i It isiThe thickness on layer stratum,i=1,2,…, n, m；s i It isiThe water on layer stratum Flat minimum principal stress,i=1,2, …., n, MPa；K ICi It isiThe fracture toughness of layer formation rock,i=1,2, …., n, MPa·m1/2；K I+ WithK I+ Respectively indicate the stress intensity factor of crack lower end and upper end, MPam1/2。
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below：
It is as follows that this multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling stitches high method for solving：
Step 1: the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break is established, it will be in the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break Level top bottom depth data, crustal stress data, Fracture Toughness of Rocks and perforating depth data corresponding to each layer shale formation Computer is inputted, as inactive data；
Step 2: grid dividing is carried out to the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break, to inject the perforating depth of fracturing fluid For initial position, 500 grids are downwardly and upwardly respectively divided, and to each grid node assignment, respectively in filling step one Corresponding attribute data is inputted, is to increase direction to well depth downwards, is to reduce direction to well depth upwards；
Step 3: calculating separately the crack initiation since perforating site according to Theory of Fracture Mechanics, crack is grown into often upward or downward When crack tip stress intensity factor corresponding to a grid node is shale formation fracture toughness where the grid node of tip Fluid net pressure value in crackP net(x)；Integral way is used when calculating, path of integration includes the institute that fracture extension is passed through There is stratum, and segmentation solution is carried out to each section of stratum, realizes the superposition of multilayer formation；
The formula of determining crack tip stress intensity factor is in fracture mechanics：
In formula：CFor crack dummy joint height, m；P net(x) be crack in any position fluid net pressure, numerical value be equal to fluid pressure The difference of power and the horizontal minimum principal stress in stratum, MPa；
Solving obtained fluid net pressure value is onem×n=500 × 500 matrix,mRepresent the institute downward from perforating site There is node location data,nRepresent all node location datas upward from perforating site；
Step 4: giving the Fluid pressure for entering crack at any one perforating site, then crack will be entered at perforating site Fluid pressure and the horizontal minimum principal stress on place depth stratum make the difference and solve net pressureP net(x)；
Step 5: with the net pressure solved in step 4P net(x) go step 3m×n=500 × 500 fine pressure torque It goes comparison to find in battle array, increases firstmIt is 1 that corresponding grid values, which enable it, is then continuously increasedn, find first and be greater than step The net pressure solved in fourP net(x) position be fracture height at this time, crack lower extreme point is 1 position on the downside of perforation Corresponding depth, crack upper extreme point are to search depth corresponding to position on the upside of perforation；Such asm=1 can not find the grid section of satisfaction Point increasesmNumerical value, until its value is equal to 500, end is found；During searching, there are side arrival in crack upper end or lower endm= 500 orn=500 position terminates to find, and illustrates that fracture height has been extended to top interface or bottom interface；
Step 6: entering the Fluid pressure in crack at variation perforating site, step 4-step 5 is repeated, realizes different pressure break pressures High calculating is stitched in crack under power, finally draws crack seam Seedling height with the pass for the change in fluid pressure for entering crack at perforating site It is curve；
Enter the net pressure that the Fluid pressure in crack calculates at such as given perforating siteP net(x) it is less than step 3m×n= All data in 500 × 500 net pressure matrix, illustrating to enter at perforating site the Fluid pressure in crack, the value is too small, crack Crack initiation extension will not occur.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of multilayer shale pseudo-three-dimensional fracture modeling stitches high method for solving, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1: the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break is established, it will be in the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break Level top bottom depth data, crustal stress data, Fracture Toughness of Rocks and perforating depth data corresponding to each layer shale formation Computer is inputted, as inactive data；
Step 2: grid dividing is carried out to the high physical model of multilayer shale formation pressure-break, to inject the perforating depth of fracturing fluid For initial position, 500 grids are downwardly and upwardly respectively divided, and to each grid node assignment, respectively in filling step one Corresponding attribute data is inputted, is to increase direction to well depth downwards, is to reduce direction to well depth upwards；
Step 3: calculating separately the crack initiation since perforating site according to Theory of Fracture Mechanics, crack is grown into often upward or downward When crack tip stress intensity factor corresponding to a grid node is shale formation fracture toughness where the grid node of tip Fluid net pressure value in crackP net(x)；Integral way is used when calculating, path of integration includes the institute that fracture extension is passed through There is stratum, and segmentation solution is carried out to each section of stratum, realizes the superposition of multilayer formation；
The formula of determining crack tip stress intensity factor is in fracture mechanics：
In formula：CFor crack dummy joint height, m；P net(x) be crack in any position fluid net pressure, numerical value be equal to fluid pressure The difference of power and the horizontal minimum principal stress in stratum, MPa；
Solving obtained fluid net pressure value is onem×n=500 × 500 matrix,mRepresent the institute downward from perforating site There is node location data,nRepresent all node location datas upward from perforating site；
Step 4: giving the Fluid pressure for entering crack at any one perforating site, then crack will be entered at perforating site Fluid pressure and the horizontal minimum principal stress on place depth stratum make the difference and solve net pressureP net(x)；
Step 5: with the net pressure solved in step 4P net(x) go step 3m×n=500 × 500 fine pressure torque It goes comparison to find in battle array, increases firstmIt is 1 that corresponding grid values, which enable it, is then continuously increasedn, find first and be greater than step The net pressure solved in fourP net(x) position be fracture height at this time, crack lower extreme point is 1 position on the downside of perforation Corresponding depth, crack upper extreme point are to search depth corresponding to position on the upside of perforation；Such asm=1 can not find the grid section of satisfaction Point increasesmNumerical value, until its value is equal to 500, end is found；During searching, there are side arrival in crack upper end or lower endm= 500 orn=500 position terminates to find, and illustrates that fracture height has been extended to top interface or bottom interface；
Step 6: entering the Fluid pressure in crack at variation perforating site, step 4-step 5 is repeated, realizes different pressure break pressures High calculating is stitched in crack under power, finally draws crack seam Seedling height with the pass for the change in fluid pressure for entering crack at perforating site It is curve；
Enter the net pressure that the Fluid pressure in crack calculates at such as given perforating siteP net(x) it is less than step 3m×n= All data in 500 × 500 net pressure matrix, illustrating to enter at perforating site the Fluid pressure in crack, the value is too small, crack Crack initiation extension will not occur.
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CN113849999A (en) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-28 西南石油大学 Multilayer stratum multi-fracture height prediction method
CN114086946A (en) * 2020-08-24 2022-02-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Crack height determination method for pressing crack

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