CN108828788A - For big visual field super-resolution fast imaging device and its imaging method of looking in the distance - Google Patents
For big visual field super-resolution fast imaging device and its imaging method of looking in the distance Download PDFInfo
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- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
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Abstract
Device and imaging method for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, belong to super-resolution imaging technical field, in order to solve the problems, such as that the prior art is not suitable for space debris detection imaging, heavy caliber telephotolens, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm, relaying microscope group, iris filter and ccd detector is sequentially coaxially arranged in the device, and heavy caliber telephotolens and relaying microscope group form imaging system of looking in the distance；The back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens is the image planes of imaging system of looking in the distance, and two-dimensional field of view diaphragm is placed at the back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens, the angle of incident light for selecting single to be imaged；Iris filter is located at the rear end emergent pupil face position for imaging system of looking in the distance, and effective aperture positions and dimensions are overlapped with emergent pupil face；Ccd detector is located at the back focal plane for imaging system of looking in the distance；The present invention substantially increases super-resolution imaging speed, is conducive to capture the target fast moved, or be imaged rapidly to the biggish target in region is occupied in full filed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super-resolution imaging technical fields, specially a kind of for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance
Device and imaging method.
Background technique
Space junk is the space trash that the generates, (height about 200 in Earth's orbit with mankind's space launch activity
~36000km) largely it is distributed, the personal safety of normal operation and astronaut to spacecraft causes obstacle, and there is an urgent need to it
Carry out a series of scientific researches such as observation, cataloguing, tracking, orbit determination, and detection imaging is the basis of the above research.Since fragment is big
Small is mostly Centimeter Level (having 500,000 between 1-10cm, less than about 3,000 ten thousand of 1cm), and flying speed is quickly (7-10km/s),
Need high super-resolution fast imaging means.
Due to the diffraction phenomena of light, the angular resolution for imaging system of looking in the distance is limited to optics bore D and corresponding optical wavelength
λ meets 1.22 λ of Rayleigh criterion/D, which is also imaging system point spread function (PSF, the point spread that looks in the distance simultaneously
Function main lobe angular radius).It can be seen that enhancing the main means of telescope resolution capability in the case where imaging wavelength is certain
Be to increase its optical dimensions, and with the increase of the size, system processing, plated film, assembly difficulty also will significantly mention
Height, so that system optics bore has the upper limit that can not be broken through with current manufacturing capacity.Therefore, how in limited optics
Under bore realize subwavelength resolution, quasi real-time imaging space junk look in the distance detection become current scientific research hot spot and difficulty
One of point.
Chinese Patent Application No. is " 201610517791.4 ", and patent name is a kind of " broadband far field super-resolution imaging dress
Set ", which is distributed using the wavefront that iris filter changes system pupil, thus the point spread function on constriction system imaging face
Number main lobe obtains the imaging resolution for surmounting diffraction limit in the case where finite optical bore, while utilizing single hole visual field light
Door screen is placed on image planes of system, is scanned imaging for different field positions by constantly moving field stop, final logical
It crosses image information splicing and obtains big field range super-resolution imaging information.However, the patent is not suitable for carrying out space junk
Detection imaging.Because fragment detection generally uses large-aperture long-focus telescopic system (photonics journal, 2016,45 (1):
0111002), under the premise of field stop must block significant adjacent super-resolution as luminous point noise, field stop diameter exists
Micron dimension, and telescopic system focal length is meter level.This makes the visual field magnitude that single is imaged in the case where field stop limits be the differential of the arc
Measurement level.And common long-focus telescopic system imaging viewing field, in the magnitude of 5-20 milliradian, this is resulted in will be in full filed
Imaging need to carry out thousands of scanning and image mosaic, be unfavorable for capturing the space junk information for quickly flying over the visual field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of for hoping to solve the problems, such as that the prior art is not suitable for space debris detection imaging
The device and imaging method of long-range visual field super-resolution fast imaging, the device and imaging method are certain in detection wavelength, optics
In the case that bore is limited, it can be achieved that in the big field range of telescopic system super-resolution fast imaging.
The technical solution of present invention solution technical problem：
Device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, characterized in that big mouth is sequentially coaxially arranged in the device
Diameter telephotolens, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm, relaying microscope group, iris filter and ccd detector, heavy caliber telephotolens and relay lens
Group forms imaging system of looking in the distance；The back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens is the image planes of imaging system of looking in the distance, two-dimensional field of view light
Door screen is placed at the back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens, the angle of incident light for selecting single to be imaged；Iris filter position
In the rear end emergent pupil face position for imaging system of looking in the distance, effective aperture positions and dimensions are overlapped with emergent pupil face；Ccd detector is located at
At the back focal plane for imaging system of looking in the distance.
The iris filter designs according to the following steps：
The first step, the iris filter are phase-type wavefront modification piece, and entire working region enters imaging wavelength
It is identical to penetrate light energy transmitance, working region is a series of concentric loops, and two neighboring annulus position is mutually different, passes through incident light
It crosses different zones and generates different phase shifts；There are the phase differences of p π by the modulated wavefront of adjacent ring band for light, and wherein p is one
A real number, 0<p≤1；
Second step is calculated using Rayleigh criterion and is obtained according to the imaging wavelength λ, bore D and focal length f of imaging system of looking in the distance
The main lobe width D of the system diffraction limitA=2.44 λ f/D；
Set annulus the number n, minimum super-resolution multiplying power G of iris filterM, minimum local field of view lM, maximum extend out visual field rise
Beginning radius LMParameter；
Third step determines that each annulus normalization radius of iris filter is r according to set annulus number n1, r2…
rn-1, wherein 0<r1<…<rn-1<1；Each annulus width is equal, and p=1, the initial solution as next step global optimization approach；
4th step determines pupil filter parameter using global optimization method：：
Objective function：max(G)；Optimized variable：p,r1,r2..rn；
Constraint condition：l≥lM, L≤LM, 0<P≤1,0<r1<r2..<rn-1<1；
Wherein, super-resolution multiplying power G can obtain by searching for the point spread function light distribution data of every kind of situation；
Optimal super-resolution multiplying power G is obtained using global optimization approachz, and obtain corresponding final local field of view lzWith it is final
Extend out visual field start radius Lz, the globally optimal solution of each annulus normalization radius and p value is obtained at this time.
The two-dimensional field of view diaphragm is the identical more borehole structures of diameter of two-dimensional arrangements, and circular hole position is uniformly divided
The adjacent apertures centre distance d of cloth, horizontal or vertical direction meets the following conditions：
D=(Lz+lz+0.5DA/Gz)/c
Wherein DAAiry main lobe diameter is limited for the system diffraction, c is relaying microscope group optical magnification, lzFor optimal office
Portion's visual field, LzVisual field start radius, G are extended out to be optimalzFor optimal super-resolution multiplying power；
The single Circularhole diameter d of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm0For the local field of view l of point spread function in an image planes0,
When relaying microscope group enlargement ratio is c, d0=l0=lz/c；
The circular hole number of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm：The hole number n of horizontal every rowLFor nL=[ωLF/d]+1, wherein
ωLFor imaging system horizontal direction angular field of looking in the distance, f is system focal length, d be horizontal or vertical direction adjacent apertures center away from
From；The hole number of vertical every row is nH=[ωHF/d]+1, ωHFor telescope optical system vertical direction angular field, f is that system is burnt
Away from d is the adjacent apertures centre distance of horizontal or vertical direction.
Method for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, characterized in that this method specifically includes following steps：
Step 1 determines the observation field of view for imaging system of looking in the distance, quick using big visual field super-resolution of looking in the distance later
The device of imaging carries out super-resolution imaging for the first time, and obtains the super resolution image of multiple local field of view while imaging；
Step 2, to the mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm of horizontal or vertical direction, each moving distance is two-dimensional field of view diaphragm list
Pore radius d0/2；Every movement once afterwards carry out a super-resolution imaging, until any one hole with it is initial move until in movement
The transmission region overlapping of adjacent holes on direction, and overlapping region be more than hole area more than half, then scanning times nsFor：
ns=[2d/d0]+1
Wherein d is adjacent apertures centre distance both horizontally and vertically, d0For single hole diameter；
Then pass through nsSecondary scanning has traversed the full filed range for the horizontal or vertical direction for watching from a height or a distance distance imaging system；
Step 3, then to the mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm in horizontal or vertical direction, repeat the scanning and imaging of step 2；
Step 4, eventually by both horizontally and vertically no more than 2nsFull view can be obtained in the subgraph information splicing of width
The super resolution image of field areas；Compared to the method spliced again using single hole field stop scanning imagery substantially increase super-resolution at
As speed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) iris filter of special designing and two-dimensional field of view diaphragm are introduced into tradition to look in the distance in imaging system, can be surpassed
The more far field imaging effect of original system resolution of diffraction, and original system structure change is little；
2) joints such as the aperture to iris filter phase loop with parameter and two-dimensional field of view diaphragm, pitch-row, hole count carry out special
Different design, may be implemented more local field of view while super-resolution imaging of looking in the distance, noiseless between each visual field；
3) it can be obtained by mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm and no more than the super-resolution picture information splicing of 20 width entire big
The super resolution image of field of view substantially increases super-resolution imaging speed compared with using the scanning of single hole field stop, is conducive to
The target fast moved is captured, or is imaged rapidly to the biggish target in region is occupied in full filed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance；
In figure, 1 is heavy caliber telephotolens, and 2 be two-dimensional field of view diaphragm, and 3 be relaying microscope group, and 4 be iris filter, and 5 are
Ccd detector；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of iris filter 4；
Fig. 3 (a) is that (bold portion) and the infinite high beam without modulation (dotted portion) exist after the modulation of iris filter 4
Formed point spread function light intensity curve central part in final image planes；In figure, DA/DsIndicate most super-resolution multiplying power Gz；
Fig. 3 (b) is modulated point spread function light intensity curve, illustrates final local field of view lzVisual field is extended out with final
Start radius LzPhysical meaning；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of spacing d between two holes in horizontal (or vertical) direction of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm；
One schematic diagram of the case where Fig. 6 is double image point super-resolution imaging；
Two schematic diagrames of the case where Fig. 7 is double image point super-resolution imaging；
Three schematic diagrames of the case where Fig. 8 is double image point super-resolution imaging.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, sequentially coaxially setting heavy caliber is looked in the distance
Object lens 1, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2, relaying microscope group 3, iris filter 4 and ccd detector 5, the back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens 1
For an image planes of optical system in the device, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 is placed at the back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens 1, is used
In the angle of incident light of selection single imaging.Iris filter 4 be located at heavy caliber telephotolens 1 and relaying microscope group 3 combination and
At imaging system of looking in the distance rear end emergent pupil face position, effective aperture positions and dimensions are overlapped with emergent pupil face.Ccd detector 5
At the back focal plane of optical system in device.
The iris filter 4 designs according to the following steps：
1, the iris filter 4 is phase-type wavefront modification piece, incident light of the entire working region to imaging wavelength
Energetic transmittance is identical, and working region is a series of concentric loops, and two neighboring annulus position is mutually different, makes incident light by not
Different phase shifts is generated with region；There are the phase differences of p π by the modulated wavefront of adjacent ring band for light, and wherein p is a reality
Number, 0<p≤1；The annular phase mehtod of the iris filter both can use the quartz that each ring belt area etches difference in height
Plate is realized, can also be realized with phase modulators such as liquid crystal light modulators；
2, it according to imaging wavelength λ, bore D and the focal length f of imaging system of looking in the distance, is calculated using Rayleigh criterion and obtains the system
The main lobe width D of diffraction limitA=2.44 λ f/D；
Set annulus the number n, minimum super-resolution multiplying power G of iris filter 4M, minimum local field of view lM, maximum extends out visual field
Start radius LMParameter；
Minimum super-resolution multiplying power GM：Infinity object point passes through imaging system of looking in the distance in the intensity distribution function that image planes generate
Point spread function, super-resolution multiplying power refer to imaging system point spread function center main lobe width under the conditions of diffraction limit of looking in the distance
DA(being calculated by the width between two minimum energy points of main lobe) and the addition modulated center main lobe width D of iris filterS
The ratio between, super-resolution multiplying power is bigger, and it is higher to represent resolution ratio enhancing degree；Super-resolution multiplying power cannot be below G in designM；
Minimum local field of view lM：For image planes light distribution, in the closely certain area of main lobe minimum point, point spread function
Number light intensity is no more than the 5% of main lobe energy, not will receive high-intensitive secondary lobe interference in the interior super-resolution picture point of the regional imaging, claims
For the local field of view for capableing of clear super-resolution imaging；Local field of view is bigger, and the region that can disposably complete super-resolution imaging is got over
Greatly；Local field of view value cannot be below l in designM, but excessive local field of view will lead to the diminution of super-resolution multiplying power, need to be integrated
Consider；
Maximum extends out visual field start radius LM：After article size exceeds local field of view, light intensity curve starts to occur high-intensitive
Side-lobe energy, can introduce very noisy, cause crosstalk to imaging；Iris filter described in reasonably optimizing can make point spread function
Number is after being more than to extend out visual field start radius, until the edge of field of view of interest, this part light intensity are no more than main lobe energy
5%, this just give more visual fields and meanwhile imaging create condition.It is smaller to extend out visual field start radius, in entire field of view of interest area
Scanning times needed for domain imaging are fewer, and visual field start radius is extended out in design cannot be greater than LM, but the excessive visual field that extends out rises
Beginning radius will lead to the diminution of super-resolution multiplying power, need to be comprehensively considered；
3, according to set annulus number n, determine that each annulus normalization radius of iris filter 4 is r1, r2…rn-1,
Wherein 0<r1<…<rn-1<1.Each annulus width is equal, and p=1, the initial solution as next step global optimization approach.
4, pupil filter parameter is determined using global optimization method：
Objective function：max(G)；Optimized variable：p,r1,r2..rn；
Constraint condition：l≥lM, L≤LM, 0<P≤1,0<r1<r2..<rn-1<1；
Wherein, super-resolution multiplying power G can obtain by searching for the point spread function light distribution data of every kind of situation, point diffusion
The calculation formula of function light distribution is referring to document (Acta Optica, 2005,25 (4), 475-478).
It can be obtained using any mature global optimization approach (genetic algorithm, parallel gradient descent method etc.) optimal
Super-resolution multiplying power Gz, and obtain corresponding final local field of view lzVisual field start radius L is extended out with finalz.Each ring is obtained at this time
Globally optimal solution with normalization radius and p value.
The two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 is the identical more borehole structures of diameter of two-dimensional arrangements, and circular hole position is uniformly divided
Cloth, adjacent apertures centre distance d both horizontally and vertically meet the following conditions：
D=(Lz+lz+0.5DA/Gz)/c
Wherein DAAiry main lobe diameter is limited for the system diffraction, c is relaying microscope group optical magnification.lzFor most end
Portion's visual field, LzFinally to extend out visual field start radius, GzFor optimal super-resolution multiplying power.
As shown in figure 5, when A, B are there is no field stop, on ccd detector 5 two it is adjacent and just non-interfering
Picture point, B extend out visual field starting point just with the local field of view side edge of A；α, β represent adjacent the two of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Hole on ccd detector 5 at picture (projection).The centre distance of α, β are (Lz+lz+0.5DA/Gz)。
Image planes and last image planes are object-image relations each other, are kept off in advance in an image planes using two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Unwanted partial field of view range (be equivalent to and blocked part " object ") is gone, then on ccd detector 5, in the visual field of conjugation
Information be just not in (" as " also goes corresponding portion by gear), thus gear fall secondary lobe influence.Adjacent two hole of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Centre distance should be picture (i.e. the centre distance of the α, β) size in two holes of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 at ccd detector 5 divided by relaying
3 enlargement ratio c of microscope group.
The single Circularhole diameter d of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 20For the local field of view l of point spread function in an image planes0,
Field stop just keeps off the light gone other than local field of view at this time, avoids the interference of the outer high-intensitive secondary lobe of visual field.When relaying microscope group 3
When enlargement ratio is c, d0=l0=lz/c。
The circular hole number of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2：The hole number n of horizontal every rowLFor nL=[ωLF/d]+1, wherein
ωLFor imaging system horizontal direction angular field of looking in the distance, f is system focal length, d be horizontal or vertical direction adjacent apertures center away from
From.The hole number of vertical every row is nH=[ωHF/d]+1, ωHFor telescope optical system vertical direction angular field, f is that system is burnt
Away from d is the adjacent apertures centre distance of horizontal or vertical direction.
For the method for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, following steps are specifically included：
Step 1 determines the observation field of view for imaging system of looking in the distance, quick using big visual field super-resolution of looking in the distance later
The device of imaging carries out super-resolution imaging for the first time, and obtains the super resolution image of multiple local field of view while imaging；
Step 2, to the mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 in horizontal (or vertical) direction, each moving distance is two-dimensional field of view diaphragm
2 single hole radius d0/2；Every movement once afterwards carry out a super-resolution imaging, until any one hole with it is initial move until moving
The transmission region overlapping of adjacent holes on dynamic direction, and overlapping region be more than hole area more than half, then scanning times nsFor：
ns=[2d/d0]+1
Wherein d is adjacent apertures centre distance both horizontally and vertically, d0For single hole diameter.
Then pass through nsSecondary scanning has traversed the full filed range for watching from a height or a distance level (or vertical) direction of distance imaging system.
Step 3, then to the mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 in vertical (or horizontal) direction, repeat the scanning and imaging of step 2.
Step 4, eventually by both horizontally and vertically no more than 2nsFull view can be obtained in the subgraph information splicing of width
The super resolution image of field areas.Compared with the method spliced again using single hole field stop scanning imagery substantially increase super-resolution at
As speed.
Embodiment：
As shown in Fig. 2, the structural schematic diagram of iris filter 4, design process are：
1, pupil filtering device 4 is phase-type wavefront modification piece, incident laser energy of the entire working region to imaging wavelength
Transmitance is identical.Device workspace is circle, and is divided into multiple circle ring areas, and two neighboring region position is mutually different, makes incident light
Different phase shifts is generated by different zones；The top view of the device working region is a series of concentric loops, and light passes through phase
The adjacent modulated wavefront of annulus is there are the phase difference of p π, and wherein p is a real number, and 0<p≤1.The annular of the iris filter 4
Phase mehtod is realized using the quartz plate that each ring belt area etches difference in height；
2, determine that imaging wavelength λ is 600nm, imaging system of looking in the distance bore D is 100mm, and focal length f is 2000mm, emergent pupil face
Dimension Dc=10mm, horizontal, vertical direction visual field ωLAnd ωHIt is 2mrad, relays 3 enlargement ratio c=1 of microscope group, utilize Rayleigh
Criterion calculates the main lobe width D for obtaining the system diffraction limitA=2.44 λ f/D=29.28 μm.Set the ring of iris filter 4
Band number n=4, minimum super-resolution multiplying power GM=1.05, minimum local field of view lM=12 μm, maximum extends out visual field start radius LM=
60μm；
3, according to set annulus number n, determine that each annulus normalization radius of iris filter 4 is r1, r2, r3.Respectively
Annulus width is equal, is 0.25, and p=1, the initial solution as next step global optimization approach.
4, Global Optimal Problem is solved, optimized variable is each annulus normalization radius rjWith phase coefficient p, majorized function is
F(rj, p) and=max (G), constraint condition：l≥lM, L≤LM, 0<P≤1,0<r1<r2<r3<1.Most followed by global optimization approach
Each annulus normalization radius determined eventually is r1=0.231, r2=0.56, r3=0.769, p=1.The super-resolution multiplying power of optimal solution
Gz=1.32, demonstrating the present invention has super-resolution performance.Final local field of view lz=12.8 μm, finally extend out visual field starting half
Diameter Lz=30.8 μm.
The diameter of 4 workspace of iris filter is 10mm, and material is quartz glass, it is seen that optical band refractive index nd=
1.4585, the step height difference between device table adjacent ring band is Δ d=λ/2 (nd- 1)=654.31nm.
Fig. 3 (a) is that (bold portion) and the infinite high beam without modulation (dotted portion) exist after the modulation of iris filter 4
Formed point spread function light intensity curve central part in final image planes.In figure, DA/DsIndicate optimal super-resolution multiplying power GZ。
Fig. 3 (b) is modulated point spread function light intensity curve, illustrates final local field of view lzVisual field is extended out with final
Start radius LzPhysical meaning.
As shown in figure 4, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 is the identical more borehole structures of diameter of two-dimensional arrangements, circular hole position
It is uniformly distributed, adjacent apertures centre distance d both horizontally and vertically meets the following conditions：
D=(Lz+lz+0.5·DA/Gz)/c=54.7 μm.
As shown in figure 5, when A, B are there is no field stop, on ccd detector 5 two it is adjacent and just non-interfering
Picture point, B extend out visual field starting point just with the local field of view side edge of A；α, β represent adjacent the two of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Hole on ccd detector 5 at picture (projection).The centre distance of α, β are (Lz+lz+0.5DA/Gz)。
Image planes and last image planes are object-image relations each other, are kept off in advance in an image planes using two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Unwanted partial field of view range (be equivalent to and blocked part " object ") is gone, then on ccd detector 5, in the visual field of conjugation
Information be just not in (" as " also goes corresponding portion by gear), thus gear fall secondary lobe influence.Adjacent two hole of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2
Centre distance should be picture (i.e. the centre distance of the α, β) size in two holes of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 at ccd detector 5 divided by relaying
3 enlargement ratio c of microscope group.
The single Circularhole diameter d of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 20The local field of view of point spread function in equal to one time image planes
l0, field stop just keeps off the light gone other than local field of view at this time, avoids the interference of the outer high-intensitive secondary lobe of visual field.When relaying is
When system enlargement ratio c=1, l0=lz/ c=lz.Then d0=lz=12.8 μm.
The 2 circular hole number of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm：The hole number n of horizontal every rowLFor telescope optical system horizontal direction angle
Visual field ωLIt is rounded multiplied by system focal length f divided by the value of d and adds 1 again, i.e. nL=[ωLF/d]+1=74.Vertically the hole number of every row is
Telescope optical system vertical direction angular field ωHIt is rounded multiplied by focal length divided by the value of d and adds 1 again, i.e. nH=[ωHF/d]+1=74.
A point different situations illustrate below, when diplopore distance is equal to (Lz+lz+0.5·DA/GzWhen)/c, any picture point is located in local field of view
Can normal imaging, and its high-intensitive secondary lobe is in the picture point in local field of view without obvious shadow to other when being located at shield portions
It rings.
As shown in fig. 6, A, B double image point are in same local field of view α, the high-intensitive secondary lobe for being apparent from A, B itself is located at not
Light transmission part will not influence imaging.Fig. 6 (a) is two picture points of A, B and the superimposed schematic diagram of diaphragm at an image planes；Fig. 6
It (b) is the actual imaging at last CCD as a result, A, B picture point main lobe can be differentiated out clearly.
As shown in fig. 7, A, which is in local field of view α, B main lobe, is in light tight region, and the high-intensitive secondary lobe of B has fraction
In α.At this time since B main lobe is blocked, the energy that B actually enters local field of view is less, after relayed microscope group secondary imaging,
The main lobe of remainder A in the local field of view of last image planes, the influence of B secondary lobe is almost negligible to be disregarded.Fig. 7 (a) is an image planes
Locate two picture points of A, B and the superimposed schematic diagram of diaphragm；Fig. 7 (b) is the actual imaging of A, B at last CCD as a result, B main lobe quilt
It is more than weak two orders of magnitude of beam intensity ratio A main lobe of the light field that diaphragm is formed after blocking at last image planes, considerable after the two superposition
Observe the interference-free main lobe of A.
As shown in figure 8, the main lobe of B closely local field of view β, at this time B extend out visual field starting point just with the local field of view of A
Side edge.If B moves right, the main lobe of B exposes in β, and the high-intensitive secondary lobe of B, which equally moves to right, will not influence inside α visual field；
B moves to left the case where then repeating Fig. 7.Fig. 8 (a) is two picture points of A, B and the superimposed schematic diagram of diaphragm at an image planes；Fig. 8 (b)
For the actual imaging at last image planes as a result, the interference-free main lobe of A can be observed.
For looking in the distance, big visual field super-resolution fast imaging method is：
Step 1 determines the observation field of view of telescope optical system, later using being mounted with 4 He of iris filter
The telescope optical system of two-dimensional field of view diaphragm 2 carries out super-resolution imaging for the first time, and obtains multiple local field of view while being imaged super
Resolution image.
Step 2, it is whole to the mobile field stop in horizontal (or vertical) direction, in order not to lose information, each moving distance
For diaphragm single hole radius, i.e. d0/ 2=6.4 μm；Every movement once afterwards carry out a super-resolution imaging, until any one hole with
The transmission region overlapping of adjacent holes in the direction of movement before initially mobile, and overlapping region be more than hole area more than half.Then
Scanning times nsFor：
ns=[2d/d0]+1=9
Then by 9 scanning, the full filed range for watching from a height or a distance level (or vertical) direction of distance imaging system has been traversed.
Step 3, then it is whole to the mobile field stop in vertical (or horizontal) direction, repeat the scanning and imaging of step 2.
Entire interested full filed can be obtained eventually by the splicing of horizontal and vertical totally 18 width image informations in step 4
The super-resolution imaging image in region.
And if be scanned using single hole field stop, 6.4 μm of diaphragm pore radius are still pressed, each moving distance is diaphragm
Pore radius, whole visual field ωLAnd ωHIt is 2mrad, focal length 2m is calculated, traversed entire visual field at this time, need scanning times：
2Ns0=[2 ωLf/d0]+1+[2ωLf/d0]+1=1252
It can be seen that big visual field super-resolution fast imaging method of the invention is substantially increased compared with super-resolution single hole scanning imagery method
Super-resolution imaging speed, scanning and image mosaic number are reduced to the 1/78.25 of the latter.
Claims (4)
1. the device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, characterized in that heavy caliber is sequentially coaxially arranged in the device
Telephotolens (1), two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2), relaying microscope group (3), iris filter (4) and ccd detector (5), heavy caliber are hoped
Remote object lens (1) and relaying microscope group (3) form imaging system of looking in the distance；The back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens (1) is imaging system of looking in the distance
Image planes of system, two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2) is placed at the back focal plane of heavy caliber telephotolens (1), for select single at
The angle of incident light of picture；Iris filter (4) is located at the rear end emergent pupil face position for imaging system of looking in the distance, effective aperture position
It is overlapped with size with emergent pupil face；Ccd detector (5) is located at the back focal plane for imaging system of looking in the distance.
2. the device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The iris filter (4) designs according to the following steps：
The first step, the iris filter (4) are phase-type wavefront modification piece, incidence of the entire working region to imaging wavelength
Light energy transmitance is identical, and working region is a series of concentric loops, and two neighboring annulus position is mutually different, passes through incident light
Different zones generate different phase shifts；There are the phase differences of p π by the modulated wavefront of adjacent ring band for light, and wherein p is one
Real number, 0<p≤1；
Second step, according to the imaging wavelength λ, bore D and focal length f of imaging system of looking in the distance, calculating acquisition using Rayleigh criterion, this is
The main lobe width D for diffraction limit of unitingA=2.44 λ f/D；
Set annulus the number n, minimum super-resolution multiplying power G of iris filter (4)M, minimum local field of view lM, maximum extend out visual field rise
Beginning radius LMParameter；
Third step determines that each annulus normalization radius of iris filter (4) is r according to set annulus number n1, r2…
rn-1, wherein 0<r1<…<rn-1<1；Each annulus width is equal, and p=1, the initial solution as next step global optimization approach；
4th step determines pupil filter parameter using global optimization method：：
Objective function：max(G)；Optimized variable：p,r1,r2..rn；
Constraint condition：l≥lM, L≤LM, 0<P≤1,0<r1<r2..<rn-1<1；
Wherein, super-resolution multiplying power G can obtain by searching for the point spread function light distribution data of every kind of situation；
Optimal super-resolution multiplying power G is obtained using global optimization approachz, and obtain corresponding final local field of view lzWith finally extend out
Visual field start radius Lz, the globally optimal solution of each annulus normalization radius and p value is obtained at this time.
3. the device for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2) is the identical more borehole structures of diameter of two-dimensional arrangements, and circular hole position is uniformly distributed, water
Flat or vertical direction adjacent apertures centre distance d meets the following conditions：
D=(Lz+lz+0.5DA/Gz)/c
Wherein DAAiry main lobe diameter is limited for the system diffraction, c is relaying microscope group optical magnification, lzFor optimal partial view
Field, LzVisual field start radius, G are extended out to be optimalzFor optimal super-resolution multiplying power；
The single Circularhole diameter d of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2)0For the local field of view l of point spread function in an image planes0, when
When relaying microscope group (3) enlargement ratio is c, d0=l0=lz/c；
The circular hole number of the two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2)：The hole number n of horizontal every rowLFor nL=[ωLF/d]+1, wherein ωL
For imaging system horizontal direction angular field of looking in the distance, f is system focal length, and d is the adjacent apertures centre distance of horizontal or vertical direction；
The hole number of vertical every row is nH=[ωHF/d]+1, ωHFor telescope optical system vertical direction angular field, f is system focal length, d
For the adjacent apertures centre distance of horizontal or vertical direction.
4. the method for big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance, characterized in that this method specifically includes following steps：
Step 1 determines the observation field of view for imaging system of looking in the distance, utilizes big visual field super-resolution fast imaging of looking in the distance later
Device carry out super-resolution imaging for the first time, and obtain the super resolution image that multiple local field of view are imaged simultaneously；
Step 2, mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2) to horizontal or vertical direction, each moving distance is two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2)
Single hole radius d0/2；Every movement once afterwards carry out a super-resolution imaging, until any one hole with it is initial move until moving
The transmission region overlapping of adjacent holes on dynamic direction, and overlapping region be more than hole area more than half, then scanning times nsFor：
ns=[2d/d0]+1
Wherein d is adjacent apertures centre distance both horizontally and vertically, d0For single hole diameter；
Then pass through nsSecondary scanning has traversed the full filed range for the horizontal or vertical direction for watching from a height or a distance distance imaging system；
Step 3, then it is mobile two-dimensional field of view diaphragm (2) to horizontal or vertical direction, repeat the scanning and imaging of step 2；
Step 4, eventually by both horizontally and vertically no more than 2nsFull filed region can be obtained in the subgraph information splicing of width
Super resolution image；Super-resolution imaging speed is substantially increased compared to the method spliced again using single hole field stop scanning imagery
Degree.
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