CN108827796B - Testing device for measuring rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics - Google Patents
Testing device for measuring rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN108827796B CN108827796B CN201810986161.0A CN201810986161A CN108827796B CN 108827796 B CN108827796 B CN 108827796B CN 201810986161 A CN201810986161 A CN 201810986161A CN 108827796 B CN108827796 B CN 108827796B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
Abstract
The invention provides a testing device for measuring the shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics of a rock, which comprises: the upper shearing disc is provided with an upper shearing inclined plane which is obliquely arranged along a horizontal plane, and an upper shearing groove is formed in the upper shearing inclined plane; the lower shearing disc is provided with a lower shearing inclined plane which is inclined along the horizontal plane, the upper shearing inclined plane is parallel to the lower shearing inclined plane, the upper shearing inclined plane and the lower shearing inclined plane can correspondingly slide in a matched mode, a lower shearing groove is formed in the lower shearing inclined plane, the lower shearing groove corresponds to the upper shearing groove and can form a cylindrical containing space, and the axis of the cylindrical containing space is perpendicular to the lower shearing inclined plane. The invention has the beneficial effects that the axial displacement and the change of the axial load along with time can be recorded in real time in the test process, and the rock shear strength and the shear crack friction sliding characteristic can be obtained simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a testing device for testing the shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics of a rock.
Background
The deep unconventional oil gas resources and geothermal energy resources are important alternative energy sources in the future of China. Deep rocks face three-high characteristics of high ground stress, high temperature, high pore pressure and the like, and bring unprecedented challenges to rock mechanical property testing. The permeability of the matrix of the deep unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and the geothermal reservoirs is extremely low, but the development of natural fractures, effective activation of the natural fractures by hydraulic fracturing, shearing and sliding of the fractures into nets and improvement of the connectivity of the reservoirs are the key points for obtaining good transformation effects of the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and the geothermal reservoirs. Therefore, the mechanical mechanism of shear slip of hydraulic fracture is one of the key scientific problems and one of the current research hotspots in academia.
The shear sliding process of the hydraulic fracture is that the weak face of the natural fracture is sheared and broken under the action of ground stress and water pressure in the fracture, and then the shear fracture slides in a relative friction way to form a self-supporting fracture with certain flow conductivity. The shear strength of the weak face of the natural rock fracture and the frictional sliding property of the shear fracture face are the basis for disclosing the mechanical mechanism of the shear sliding of the fracture. There is a need for a testing device capable of simultaneously measuring the shear strength of the weak face of the rock and the frictional sliding characteristic of the shear crack.
The rock shear strength is measured mainly by a direct shear method and a pseudo-triaxial compression test method, which are respectively completed by a rock direct shear apparatus and a triaxial rock mechanical testing machine. The friction and sliding characteristics of the crack surface generally refer to the change rule of the friction coefficient along with the sliding distance, and can be measured by a direct shear test method, a torsional shear test method and a triaxial compression test method. However, the conventional test apparatus has the following problems: 1) the conventional rock direct shear apparatus can only simulate the positive pressure and the shearing force applied to a rock, cannot simulate the triaxial stress and the temperature condition applied to a deep rock, and cannot accurately measure the friction sliding characteristic of a shear crack surface; 2) the triaxial compression test method is based on molar coulomb criterion to indirectly measure and obtain the shear strength, and cannot simultaneously test the shear strength and the friction sliding characteristic of a shear crack. The existing testing device lacks the function of simultaneously measuring the shear strength of the rock and the friction sliding characteristic of a shear crack surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a testing device for testing the shear strength and the shear crack friction sliding characteristic of a rock, which is used for simultaneously testing the shear strength and the shear crack surface friction sliding characteristic of the rock.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a test device for measuring the shear strength and shear fracture friction sliding characteristics of rock comprises: the upper shearing disc is provided with an upper shearing inclined plane which is obliquely arranged along a horizontal plane, and an upper shearing groove is formed in the upper shearing inclined plane; the lower shearing disc is provided with a lower shearing inclined plane which is inclined along the horizontal plane, the upper shearing inclined plane is parallel to the lower shearing inclined plane, the upper shearing inclined plane and the lower shearing inclined plane can correspondingly slide in a matched mode, a lower shearing groove is formed in the lower shearing inclined plane, the lower shearing groove corresponds to the upper shearing groove and can form a cylindrical containing space, and the axis of the cylindrical containing space is perpendicular to the lower shearing inclined plane.
Furthermore, a sliding groove is formed in the upper shearing disc, and a sliding protrusion matched with the sliding groove is correspondingly formed in the lower shearing disc; or, the upper shearing disc is provided with a sliding bulge, and the lower shearing disc is correspondingly provided with a sliding groove matched with the sliding bulge.
Further, the sliding groove is a dovetail groove.
Furthermore, an upper sleeve assembly used for fixing one end of the core is arranged in the upper shearing groove, and a lower sleeve assembly used for fixing the other end of the core is arranged in the lower shearing groove.
Furthermore, the upper shearing disc and the lower shearing disc have the same structure, and the upper shearing disc is of a right-angle pyramid-shaped structure.
Further, when the upper shearing inclined plane is matched with the lower shearing inclined plane, the upper surface of the upper shearing disc and the lower surface of the lower shearing disc are both parallel to the horizontal plane.
Further, the lower surface of lower shearing dish is provided with the draw-in groove that is used for fixing.
The invention has the advantages that the pressure head of the triaxial rock mechanical testing machine is adopted to apply axial load on the upper shearing disc, so that the upper shearing disc and the lower shearing disc are promoted to relatively slide along the upper shearing inclined plane and the lower shearing inclined plane, and the rock core generates shearing damage on a plane intersected with the upper shearing inclined plane; shear cracks are formed and frictional sliding continues. The change of axial displacement and axial load along with time can be recorded in real time in the test process, and the rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics can be obtained simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of fig. 1.
Reference numbers in the figures: 10. an upper shear plate; 11. an upper shearing inclined plane; 12. an upper shearing groove; 20. a lower shear plate; 21. a lower shear slope; 22. a lower shear groove; 31. an upper sleeve assembly; 32. a sleeve assembly is arranged; 40. and (4) a rock core.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test device for measuring rock shear strength and shear fracture frictional sliding characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an upper shear disk 10 and a lower shear disk 20. The upper shearing disk 10 is provided with an upper shearing inclined plane 11 which is obliquely arranged along a horizontal plane, and an upper shearing groove 12 is arranged on the upper shearing inclined plane 11. Lower shear disk 20 has the lower shear inclined plane 21 that sets up along the horizontal plane slope, and upper shear inclined plane 11 is parallel with lower shear inclined plane 21, and upper shear inclined plane 11 can correspond the cooperation with lower shear inclined plane 21 and slide, is provided with lower shear groove 22 on the lower shear inclined plane 21, and lower shear groove 22 corresponds and can form cylindricality accommodation space with upper shear groove 12, and cylindricality accommodation space's axis is perpendicular with lower shear inclined plane 21.
Applying an axial load on the upper shearing disk 10 by using a pressure head of a triaxial rock mechanics testing machine to promote the upper shearing disk 10 and the lower shearing disk 20 to relatively slide along the upper shearing inclined plane 11 and the lower shearing inclined plane 21, and generating shearing damage on a plane intersected with the upper shearing inclined plane 11 by the rock core at the moment; shear cracks are formed and frictional sliding continues. The change of axial displacement and axial load along with time can be recorded in real time in the test process, and the rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics can be obtained simultaneously.
It should be noted that the upper shearing disk 10 and the lower shearing disk 20 have the same structure, and the upper shearing disk 10 has a rectangular pyramid-shaped structure. When upper shear ramp 11 is mated with lower shear ramp 21, the upper surface of upper shear plate 10 and the lower surface of lower shear plate 20 are both parallel to the horizontal plane. Namely, a right-angle surface of the upper shearing disc 10 is the upper surface of the upper shearing disc 10, and a right-angle surface of the lower shearing disc 20 is the lower surface of the lower shearing disc 20.
On the upper surface of the upper shearing disk 10 there may be attached a press for applying a vertical pressure to the upper shearing disk 10. The lower surface of the lower shearing disc 20 is provided with a clamping groove for fixing so as to fix and limit the lower shearing disc 20.
In the embodiment of the invention, the upper shearing disk 10 is provided with a sliding groove, and the lower shearing disk 20 is correspondingly provided with a sliding bulge matched with the sliding groove; or the upper shearing disk 10 is provided with a sliding protrusion, and the lower shearing disk 20 is correspondingly provided with a sliding groove matched with the sliding protrusion.
Set up above-mentioned slip recess and slip arch, can carry on spacingly to the slip direction of shearing dish 10 and lower shearing dish 20 on, simultaneously, above-mentioned slip recess and slip arch should enable to shear dish 10 and lower shearing dish 20 and can not separate each other to guarantee the degree of accuracy of experiment.
Specifically, the sliding groove is a dovetail groove. The sliding bulge is a dovetail type bulge structure matched with the dovetail groove. Of course, different configurations of the sliding groove and the sliding protrusion may be selected according to different situations, for example, in an embodiment not shown, the cross section of the sliding groove is L-shaped, the cross section of the sliding protrusion is matched with the cross section of the sliding groove, and the sliding groove and the sliding protrusion are matched to be able to slide and limit the upper cutting disk 10 and the lower cutting disk 20 in a direction perpendicular to the upper cutting inclined plane 11.
An upper sleeve assembly 31 for fixing one end of the core is arranged in the upper shearing groove 12, and a lower sleeve assembly 32 for fixing the other end of the core is arranged in the lower shearing groove 22. The upper sleeve assembly 31 and the lower sleeve assembly 32 have the same structure, and the above sleeve assembly 31 is described as an example.
The upper sleeve assembly 31 includes a conical inner sleeve having an axial through hole of the same diameter that can be used to house the core 40 and a cylindrical outer sleeve. The large diameter end of the conical inner sleeve is fixed to the bottom of the upper shearing groove 12, and the small diameter end of the conical inner sleeve is located at the top of the upper shearing groove 12 (close to the upper shearing inclined plane 11). The inner sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The outer sleeve is made of metal materials and can be sleeved by the small-diameter end of the inner sleeve and move towards the large-diameter end, wherein in the embodiment of the invention, the outer sleeve is driven by the bolt, so that the outer sleeve compresses the inner sleeve, and the core 40 is tightly held.
In different embodiments, different driving manners may be selected, for example, an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the inner sleeve, and a corresponding internal thread is provided on the inner wall of the outer sleeve.
In practice, the sanded natural one inch core 40 is cut into 25.4 (+ -0.2) mm by 50 (+ -5) mm cylindrical blocks and sealed with latex film and heat shrink tubing. The upper sleeve assembly 31 is placed into the upper shear disk 10 and the corresponding screw top is tightened so that the end face of the smaller diameter end of the inner sleeve is aligned with the shear plane (upper shear ramp 11). The lower sleeve assembly 32 is placed into the lower shear disk 20 so that the sliding recesses and sliding projections of the upper and lower shear disks 10, 20 engage and the core 40 is put in place. The screw of the lower sleeve assembly 32 is tightened. And correspondingly and synchronously tightening the screws of the upper sleeve assembly 31 and the lower sleeve assembly 32, so that the upper sleeve assembly 31 and the lower sleeve assembly 32 hold the rock core 40 tightly. And finally, putting the integral device into a confining pressure instrument, enabling the upper surface of the upper shearing disc 10 to be in parallel contact with a pressure piston, and then carrying out a rock shearing damage experiment, wherein the experiment meeting conditions are as follows: the temperature is 0-120 ℃, the confining pressure is 0.1-60 MPa, the maximum normal stress is 100MPa, and the rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics are calculated according to data obtained by experiments. Different with traditional box-type shear apparatus, one inch rock core 40(25.4mm 50mm) that this device can adapt commonly used in the rock mechanics test can set up and destroy in the joint department that intensity is relatively weak, can satisfy deep oil gas well, the high-temperature and high-pressure experimental condition in geothermal well stratum.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: applying an axial load on the upper shearing disk 10 by using a pressure head of a triaxial rock mechanics testing machine to promote the upper shearing disk 10 and the lower shearing disk 20 to relatively slide along the upper shearing inclined plane 11 and the lower shearing inclined plane 21, and generating shearing damage on a plane intersected with the upper shearing inclined plane 11 by the rock core at the moment; shear cracks form and frictional sliding continues. The change of axial displacement and axial load along with time can be recorded in real time in the test process, and the rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics can be obtained simultaneously.
It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the replacement of equivalent elements or equivalent changes and modifications made in the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical characteristics can be freely combined with each other, the technical characteristics can be freely combined with the technical scheme, and the technical scheme can be freely combined with the technical scheme.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a survey rock shear strength and shear fracture friction and sliding characteristic's testing arrangement which characterized in that includes:
the upper shearing disc (10) is provided with an upper shearing inclined plane (11) which is obliquely arranged along the horizontal plane, and an upper shearing groove (12) is arranged on the upper shearing inclined plane (11);
the lower shearing disc (20) is provided with a lower shearing inclined plane (21) which is obliquely arranged along a horizontal plane, the upper shearing inclined plane (11) is parallel to the lower shearing inclined plane (21), the upper shearing inclined plane (11) and the lower shearing inclined plane (21) can correspondingly slide in a matched manner, a lower shearing groove (22) is formed in the lower shearing inclined plane (21), the lower shearing groove (22) corresponds to the upper shearing groove (12) and can form a cylindrical accommodating space, and the axis of the cylindrical accommodating space is perpendicular to the lower shearing inclined plane (21); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an upper sleeve assembly (31) used for fixing one end of the core is arranged in the upper shearing groove (12), and a lower sleeve assembly (32) used for fixing the other end of the core is arranged in the lower shearing groove (22);
a sliding groove is formed in the upper shearing disc (10), and a sliding protrusion matched with the sliding groove is correspondingly formed in the lower shearing disc (20); alternatively, the first and second liquid crystal display panels may be,
the upper shearing disc (10) is provided with a sliding bulge, and the lower shearing disc (20) is correspondingly provided with a sliding groove matched with the sliding bulge.
2. The device for testing the shear strength and the shear fracture frictional sliding characteristics of a rock according to claim 1, wherein the sliding groove is a dovetail groove.
3. The test device for measuring the rock shear strength and the friction sliding characteristic of a shear fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper shear disk (10) and the lower shear disk (20) have the same structure, and the upper shear disk (10) has a right-angle pyramid-shaped structure.
4. The test device for measuring the rock shear strength and shear fracture friction sliding characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that when the upper shear slope (11) is matched with the lower shear slope (21), the upper surface of the upper shear disk (10) and the lower surface of the lower shear disk (20) are both parallel to the horizontal plane.
5. The test device for testing the rock shear strength and the shear fracture friction sliding property according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower surface of the lower shear disk (20) is provided with a clamping groove for fixing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810986161.0A CN108827796B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Testing device for measuring rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics |
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| CN201810986161.0A CN108827796B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Testing device for measuring rock shear strength and shear crack friction sliding characteristics |
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| CN108827796A CN108827796A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN108827796B true CN108827796B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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| CN110095353B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-03-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | In-situ rock shearing and permeability increasing performance measuring device |
| CN111456715A (en) * | 2020-05-04 | 2020-07-28 | 西南石油大学 | Oil-gas well cement sheath-brittle stratum interface shear bonding strength testing device and method |
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