Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water seal floor drain capable of preventing odor reversion, which aims to solve the problems that the water seal floor drain still has odor reversion and water return phenomenon exists in drainage of a washing machine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The utility model provides a prevent water seal floor drain of anti-taste, includes the casing, be equipped with sewage water inlet and downcomer connector on the casing have set gradually air baffle and first sewage baffle between sewage water inlet and the downcomer connector, air baffle vertically sets up in the casing and connects the casing, and first sewage baffle vertical or vertical slope set up in the casing and connect the casing, and air baffle bottom is equipped with first water gap, and first sewage baffle top is equipped with the second water gap, the lower edge of second water gap is higher than the upper edge of first water gap, and the second water gap lower edge is less than the sewage water inlet, and water seal floor drain still includes the first anti-taste unidirectional drainage device that prevents of setting in second water gap department, first anti-taste unidirectional drainage device is connected first sewage baffle or is connected first sewage baffle and casing simultaneously, and first anti-taste unidirectional drainage device is used for opening and closing the second water gap.
Further, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device comprises a frame and a movable baffle, the frame is provided with a second water passing port, the frame is connected with the first sewage partition or is simultaneously connected with the shell and the first sewage partition, the movable baffle is connected with the upper edge or the shell of the frame and is located on one side of the frame, close to the sewer pipe connection port, and the movable baffle is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second water passing port through opening and closing on the frame.
Further, the movable baffle is a hard plate or an elastic silica gel sheet.
Further, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is a Y-shaped diversion throat, and the Y-shaped diversion throat is connected with the second water passing port.
Further, the first sewage partition plate is longitudinally and obliquely arranged, and the top of the first sewage partition plate is biased towards the direction of the air partition plate.
Further, the air baffle is detachably connected with the shell.
Further, the water seal floor drain also comprises a dirt filtering blocking net arranged in the shell;
The dirt filtration barrier is arranged on the first water passing port,
Or (b)
The dirt filtering barrier net is arranged between the sewage inlet and the first sewage partition plate, and the periphery of the dirt filtering barrier net is connected with the shell.
Further, the water seal floor drain further comprises a water supplementing pipe and a water supplementing box, the water supplementing box is higher than the lower edge of the second water passing port, the water inlet of the water supplementing pipe is communicated with the bottom of the water supplementing box, the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe is communicated with the shell and is located between the sewage water inlet and the first sewage partition board, and the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe is located between the lower edge of the second water passing port and the upper edge of the first water passing port.
Still further, be provided with the ooff valve on the moisturizing pipe, the ooff valve is located the casing top, moisturizing box includes box body and upper cover, upper cover threaded connection box body.
Still further, the water seal floor drain still includes buries the wall box, bury the wall box setting in the wall and connect the moisturizing box, the moisturizing box is located buries the wall box.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. According to the invention, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is arranged at the second water outlet, so that the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device opens the second water passing port when sewage is drained, sewage can flow from the second water passing port to the sewer pipe connection port, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device closes the second water passing port when sewage is not drained, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device blocks the odor of a sewer, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device and the water seal are double anti-odor.
2. The first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device can close the second water passing port, so that the occurrence probability of the water sealing disappearance condition of the water sealing floor drain caused by unstable air pressure of the sewer is reduced, the occurrence of the problem that indoor air is damaged by sewer odor is reduced, the problem of odor reflection caused by the fact that a water sealing chamber of the water sealing floor drain is damaged is solved, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device can also prevent odor reflection after the water sealing chamber is damaged.
3. The invention can only realize one-way drainage due to the arrangement of the first anti-odor one-way drainage device, so that the phenomenon of water return can not occur even if the drainage is rapid when the washing machine is communicated with the drainage of the invention, and the floor near the floor drain can be kept clean and dry.
4. Through will adopt the first one-way drainage device that prevents the smell of preventing to set up at the top of first sewage baffle to reducible first one-way drainage device that prevents the smell of preventing remains the probability of dirt, thereby reducible anti-smell condition appears.
5. The anti-odor water seal floor drain has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient manufacture and low cost.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A water seal floor drain capable of preventing odor from being reversed comprises a shell 1, an air partition plate 3, a first sewage partition plate 4, a sewage water inlet 2, a sewer pipe connection port 5 and a first odor-resistant unidirectional drainage device, wherein the cross-section structure of the water seal floor drain is shown in figure 1. The sewage water inlet 2 and the sewer pipe connection port 5 are arranged on the shell 1, the sewer pipe connection port 5 is connected with a sewer pipe, the air partition plate 3 and the first sewage partition plate 4 are arranged between the sewage water inlet 2 and the sewer pipe connection port 5, the sewage water inlet 2, the air partition plate 3, the first sewage partition plate 4 and the sewer pipe connection port 5 are sequentially arranged in sequence, the air partition plate 3 is arranged in the shell 1 and is connected with the shell 1, and the air partition plate 3 is perpendicular to the ground, namely, is longitudinally arranged in the shell 1. After water is injected into the floor drain shell to form a water seal, the air partition plate 3 isolates air at two sides of the air partition plate 3 in the shell 1. The first sewage partition plate 4 is also arranged in the housing 1 and connected to the housing 1, the first sewage partition plate 4 is not parallel to the ground, i.e. is longitudinally arranged or longitudinally inclined, as is preferred in fig. 1, the first sewage partition plate 4 is longitudinally inclined, and the top of the first sewage partition plate 4 is biased towards the air partition plate 3. The bottom of the air partition plate 3 is provided with a first water passing port 6, and the top of the first sewage partition plate 4 is provided with a second water passing port 10. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the top of the air partition plate 3 is connected to the upper side of the housing 1, the side edge is connected to the side wall of the housing 1, the first water passing port 6 may be a gap between the bottom of the air partition plate 3 and the housing 1, the bottom of the first sewage partition plate 4 is connected to the lower side of the housing 1, the side edge is connected to the side wall of the housing 1, and the gap between the top of the first sewage partition plate 4 and the housing 1 is the second water passing port 10; the top, the bottom and the side edges of the air partition plate 3 are all connected with the shell 1, the first water passing port 6 is a port formed in the bottom of the plate of the air partition plate 3, the top, the bottom and the side edges of the first sewage partition plate 4 are all connected with the shell 1, and the second water passing port 10 is a port formed in the top of the plate of the first sewage partition plate 4. The lower edge of the second water passing opening 10 is higher than the upper edge of the first water passing opening 6, and the lower edge of the second water passing opening 10 is lower than the sewage inlet 2. The water entering the shell 1 from the sewage inlet 2 is arranged below the second water passing port 10 of the first sewage partition board 4, a water seal is formed on one side of the first sewage partition board 4 close to the sewage inlet 2, and the horizontal dotted line in the shell 1 in fig. 1 represents water. The first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is arranged at the second water passing port 10, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is used for opening and closing the second water passing port 10, opening the second water passing port 10 when sewage is discharged, closing the second water passing port 10 when sewage is not discharged, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device can be connected with the first sewage partition plate 4 only or simultaneously connected with the shell 1 and the first sewage partition plate 4. The drainage direction of the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is that the sewage inlet 2 drains water to the sewer pipe connection port 5.
The first anti-odor one-way drainage device can be a frame 7 and a movable baffle 8, wherein the frame 7 is provided with a second water passing port 10, the frame 7 is connected with the first sewage partition board 4 or the frame 7 is simultaneously connected with the shell 1 and the first sewage partition board 4-when the bottom of the first sewage partition board 4 is connected with the lower side of the shell 1 and the side edge is connected with the side wall of the shell 1, and when a gap between the top of the first sewage partition board 4 and the shell 1 is the second water passing port 10, the frame 7 is connected with the shell 1 and the first sewage partition board 4; when the top, the bottom and the side edges of the first sewage partition board 4 are all connected with the shell 1, and the second water passing port 10 is a port formed in the top of the first sewage partition board 4, the frame 7 is only connected with the first sewage partition board 4. The movable baffle 8 is connected with the upper edge of the frame 7 or connected with the top of the shell 1, and the movable baffle 8 is biased to one side of the sewer pipe connection port 5, namely, one side of the frame 7, which is close to the sewer pipe connection port 5, the movable baffle 8 moves relative to the frame 7, the movable baffle 8 opens and closes relative to the frame 7, the movable baffle 8 opens the second water passing port 10 relative to the frame 7, at the moment, sewage flows into a sewer from the water seal chamber, and the movable baffle 8 closes the second water passing port 10 relative to the frame 7. The movable barrier 8 is used to open and close the second water passing port 10. The movable baffle 8 can move leftwards in fig. 1, namely can be opened to the discharge direction of the sewage when the sewage is discharged, and is in a state of opening the second water passing port 10; when no sewage is discharged, the edge of the movable baffle plate 8 contacts the connecting frame 7 to seal the second water passing port 10, and the second water passing port 10 is closed. The arrangement of the frame 7 enables the closing state of the movable baffle 8 to be more closely matched. The position of the frame 7 may be longitudinally arranged or longitudinally inclined. The movable frame 7 may be a hard plate (such as a PVC hard plastic plate or a stainless steel plate with low softness), and the upper edge of the PVC hard plastic plate is hinged with the upper edge of the frame 7 (or connected with the housing through a rotating shaft). When the PVC hard plastic plate is adopted, the PVC hard plastic plate forms a closed state by gravity and the frame 7 if the top of the frame 7 is biased to the right side of the first sewage partition plate 4 in fig. 1, and the frame 7 and the movable baffle 8 can be provided with magnetic strips if the top of the frame 7 is biased to the left side of the first sewage partition plate 4 in fig. 1, so that the movable baffle 8 forms a closed state by magnetic force and the frame 7. The movable frame 7 can also adopt an elastic silica gel piece, and the upper edge of the elastic silica gel piece is fixedly connected with the upper edge of the frame 7 or fixedly connected with the top of the shell 1. When sewage is discharged, the elastic silica gel piece is opened to the left side (the discharging direction of sewage is opened) by means of the elasticity and the water flow impulse force of the elastic silica gel piece, after sewage flows away, the elastic silica gel piece does not have the water flow impulse force any more, and returns to a state of covering the second water passing port 10 by means of the elasticity and the gravity of the elastic silica gel piece, namely the periphery of the elastic silica gel piece is contacted with the connecting frame 7, and the elastic silica gel piece is in a closed state.
The first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device can be a Y-shaped diversion throat 9, the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is made of silica gel, the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is fixedly connected with a second water passing port 10, the water inlet of the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is matched with the second water passing port 10 in size and is fixedly connected with the second water passing port 10, the water outlet throat of the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 can be positioned on the sewer pipe connecting port 5 and can also be inserted into the sewer pipe connecting port 5, and the waterway of the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is lower than the sewage water inlet 2. When sewage is discharged, the water outlet throat of the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is opened, and the corresponding second water passing port 10 is opened; when no sewage is discharged, the water outlet throat of the Y-shaped diversion throat 9 is closed, and the corresponding second water passing port 10 is closed.
According to the invention, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is arranged at the second water outlet of the first sewage partition plate 4, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is used for opening the second water passing port 10 when sewage is drained, sewage can flow from the second water passing port 10 to the sewer pipe connecting port 5, the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is used for closing the second water passing port 10 when sewage is not drained, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is used for blocking the odor of a sewer. The anti-odor device of the non-water-sealed floor drain is easy to be blocked by sundries, so that the anti-odor functional effect is lost; the invention solves the problem of odor-resistant caused by the disappearance of the evaporative water seal or the destruction of the air pressure unstable water seal of the water seal floor drain through the dual prevention and control of odor-resistant of the first odor-resistant unidirectional drainage device and the water seal. The first anti-odor one-way drainage device can close the second water passing port 10, so that the occurrence probability of water sealing disappearance of the water sealing floor drain caused by unstable air pressure of the sewer is reduced, the occurrence of the problem that indoor air is damaged by sewer odor is reduced, the evaporation rate of water in the water sealing chamber is slowed down, and the occurrence of anti-odor condition is reduced to a certain extent; the first anti-odor one-way drainage device solves the problem of odor reflection caused by the destroyed water seal chamber of the water seal floor drain, and can also prevent odor reflection after the water seal chamber is destroyed. The water is drained rapidly when the washing machine drains, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device only can drain water unidirectionally, so that the phenomenon that the sewage water inlet 2 returns water cannot occur, and the floor near the floor drain is kept clean and dry. By arranging the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device at the top of the first sewage partition board 4, the possibility that the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device has dirt can be reduced, and the occurrence probability of the anti-odor condition can be reduced. Meanwhile, the invention has simple structure, simple and convenient manufacture and low cost.
The anti-odor device of the non-water-seal floor drain is easy to be blocked by sundries to lose the anti-odor function, and the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is not easy to be blocked by sundries in the invention, because the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is arranged at the second water passing port 10, the position of the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is higher, and sundries are not easy to go up to higher positions, so that the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is not easy to be blocked by sundries in comparison, and the anti-odor function is more stable. Meanwhile, the top of the first sewage partition plate 4 can incline towards the air partition plate 3, so that the occurrence of the condition that mixed solid impurities in sewage, such as hair and the like, are blocked on the second water outlet or the first anti-odor one-way drainage device is reduced, and the possibility of completely closing the first anti-odor one-way drainage device is further improved. The top of the first sewage baffle plate 4 is inclined towards the air baffle plate 3, so that partial dirt is retained in the acute angle area at the bottom to a certain extent, the possibility that the dirt is hung on the second water outlet is reduced, the first anti-odor one-way drainage device is tightly closed, and the anti-odor effect of the water seal floor drain is further ensured. In addition, the dirt retained can be removed by opening the housing 1 (opening the floor drain cover).
The water seal floor drain of the invention can be also provided with a washing machine drain pipe interface 11, as shown in figure 2, the top part, i.e. the upper surface of the shell 1 is provided with the washing machine drain pipe interface 11, the washing machine drain pipe interface 11 and the sewage water inlet 2 are respectively arranged on two sides of the first sewage partition board 4, and the washing machine drain pipe interface 11 is positioned above the sewer pipe connection port 5. The drain pipe of the washing machine is connected with the drain pipe connector 11 of the washing machine, the drain pipe is drained through the drain pipe connector 11 of the washing machine, and the drain pipe is directly drained to the sewer pipe connector 5 without passing through the water seal chamber, so that the problem of water return during drainage cannot exist under the action of the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device.
The connection mode between the air baffle 3 and the housing 1 is preferably detachable, for example, a plug-in mode, when a large amount of water is required to be drained through the water seal floor drain (such as when a bath is performed), in order to prevent the phenomenon that water is accumulated on the floor where the water is drained slowly, the air baffle 3 can be pulled out to increase the drainage speed, and after the water is drained, the air baffle 3 is inserted into the housing 1. The plugging mode can be that a strip-shaped through hole is arranged at the top of the shell 1, and the air baffle 3 is plugged into the shell 1 and pulled out of the shell 1 through the through hole.
The present invention may also include a dirt filtration barrier 12, as shown in figure 2. A dirt filtration barrier 12 is disposed within the housing 1. There may be two modes of implementation, one in which the dirt filtration barrier 12 is provided on the first water passage 6, for example in connection with the air baffle 3 or in connection with both the air baffle 3 and the housing 1. If the air baffle 3 is detachably connected, the dirt filtration barrier 12 may be detached simultaneously with the air baffle 3. The dirt filtering barrier 12 is used for filtering sundries in the sewage again, so that the blocking probability of a sewer pipeline is reduced, and the probability that dirt sundries and the like which obstruct the closing of the second water outlet are reserved at the first anti-reverse-odor unidirectional drainage device and the second water outlet is reduced. Second, dirt filters block 12 and sets up between sewage water inlet 2 and first sewage baffle 4, as shown in fig. 2, and the periphery (upper and lower left and right sides) that dirt filtered block 12 all connects casing 1, and dirt filters block 12 not only to the probability that the pipeline was blockked up in order to reduce the secondary interception of dirt, to the condition that air baffle 3 can dismantle simultaneously: when the air partition plate 3 is temporarily removed, impurities in the sewage are filtered to prevent the water seal floor drain and the sewer pipeline from being blocked.
The water seal floor drain still includes second sewage baffle 13 and the one-way drainage device of second anti-smell, as shown in fig. 2, and second sewage baffle 13 vertically sets up in casing 1, and casing 1 is connected to second sewage baffle 13, and second sewage baffle 13 is located between sewage water inlet 2 and air baffle 3, and the top of second sewage baffle 13 is equipped with the third and crosses the mouth of a river: the bottom of the second sewage partition plate 13 is connected with the lower side of the shell 1, the side edge of the second sewage partition plate is connected with the side wall of the shell 1, and a gap between the top of the second sewage partition plate 13 and the shell 1 is a third water passing port; or the top, the bottom and the side edges of the second sewage partition plate 13 are all connected with the shell 1, and the third water passing port is a port formed on the top of the second sewage partition plate 13. The height of the lower edge of the third water passing port is equal to the height of the lower edge of the second water passing port 10. The second anti-odor unidirectional drainage device is arranged at the third water passing port and is used for opening and closing the third water passing port, opening the third water passing port when sewage is discharged, and closing the third water passing port when sewage is not discharged. The second anti-odor unidirectional drainage device may be connected to only the second sewage partition 13 or to both the housing 1 and the second sewage partition 13. The specific structure and implementation mode of the second anti-odor unidirectional drainage device can be equal to those of the first anti-odor unidirectional drainage device. The second sewage separator 13 and the second anti-odor unidirectional drainage device function: firstly, slow down the water evaporation of the water seal; secondly, a secondary guarantee is provided for preventing the odor from being reversed, so that the problem of odor reversal caused by the fact that any one of the odor-reversed unidirectional drainage devices is not tightly closed is prevented; and thirdly, the two anti-odor unidirectional drainage devices act together to doubly prevent the washing machine from returning water. It is preferable that the shape of the housing is as shown in fig. 2, and the water amount of the water seal chamber between the second sewage partition plate 13 and the sewage inlet 2 is controlled by controlling the height of the second sewage partition plate 13, so that the water seal chamber is prevented from being changed in quality and smell due to the fact that the part of the water is too much and is difficult to be replaced by sewage for a plurality of times, and the part of the water is left for too long.
The water seal floor drain of the invention also comprises a water supplementing pipe 14 and a water supplementing box 15. One end of the water supplementing pipe 14 is communicated with the bottom of the water supplementing box 15, the other end of the water supplementing pipe 14 is communicated with the shell 1, one end of the water supplementing pipe 14, which is communicated with the water supplementing box 15, is called as a water inlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, one end of the water supplementing pipe 14, which is communicated with the shell 1, is a water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, is positioned between the sewage water inlet 2 and the first sewage partition board 4, and the height of the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14 is lower than the lower edge of the second water passing port 10 and higher than the upper edge of the first water passing port 6. Preferably, the lower opening of the water supplementing pipe 14 is slightly lower than the lower edge of the second water passing port 10, and the height of the water sealing chamber formed at the moment is higher, so that the water sealing effect is best. The water replenishing box 15 is higher than the lower edge of the second water passing port 10, that is, the water replenishing box 15 is higher than the formed water seal chamber, and the water replenishing box 15 is located above the shell 1 in fig. 3. If the odor-resistant or odor-resistant water is needed to be prevented from being reversed by a former user, only water can be manually added into the water seal floor drain frequently, and when the water storage liquid level of the water seal chamber in the water seal floor drain is lower than the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, the water supplementing pipe 14 and the water supplementing box 15 can automatically supplement water into the water seal chamber, so that the liquid level of the water stored in the water seal chamber is always kept on the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, the occurrence of the phenomenon that the water seal is greatly damaged by air pressure fluctuation in the sewer pipe of a high-rise residence, the occurrence of the phenomenon that the water in the water seal chamber evaporates until the water seal disappears is avoided, the odor-resistant problem of the water seal floor drain is solved, the odor-resistant problem caused by the disappearance of the water seal floor drain is avoided, and no sewer odor is ensured for indoor air.
The water replenishing box 15 can be made of transparent materials, and an observation window can be arranged on the water replenishing box 15 and used for observing the water storage condition in the water replenishing box 15, and water is reserved in the water replenishing box 15, so that the water seal chamber of the water seal floor drain is always full of water, and a user does not need to guess whether the water seal chamber needs to be filled with water or not. For a common water seal floor drain, a user does not know whether water exists in the floor drain when the water seal floor drain is used, but the user using the water seal floor drain disclosed by the invention can know whether the water seal chamber in the shell 1 is sufficient in water through the observation window or the transparent water supplementing box 15, and the water in the water supplementing box 15 meets the standard in water seal chamber. The specific structure of the water replenishing box 15 can be an integral structure, or the water replenishing box 15 comprises a box body 15.1 with an upper opening and an upper cover 15.2 covering the upper opening of the box body 15.1, the upper cover 15.2 covers the upper surface of the box body 15.1, the upper cover 15.2 is positioned on the integral upper side of the water replenishing box 15, and the upper side of the box body 15.1 is covered. The upper cover 15.2 can be opened, the upper cover 15.2 and the water supplementing box 15 can be connected by adopting threads, and after the upper cover 15.2 is connected with the water supplementing box 15, the water supplementing box 15 is in a sealing state except for a connecting port of the water supplementing pipe 14, so that the water supplementing box 15 can supplement water to the water seal chamber. The water replenishing pipe 14 can be provided with a switch valve 16 for controlling whether the water replenishing box 15 is communicated with the water sealing chamber or not and controlling whether the water replenishing pipe 14 is used for replenishing water to the shell 1 or not. The on-off valve 16 may be located above the housing 1.
After the water seal chamber is formed stably. The water in the water seal chamber is continuously evaporated, so that the water seal liquid level is reduced, when the switch valve 16 is in an opened state, the water supplementing box 15 does not supplement water to the water seal chamber under the action of atmospheric pressure when the liquid level of the water seal chamber is higher than the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, and when the liquid level of the water seal chamber is lower than the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14, the water supplementing box 15 supplements water to the water seal chamber under the action of gravity, and the water supplementing is stopped until the liquid level of the water seal chamber is higher than the water outlet of the water supplementing pipe 14 again. Therefore, the invention can timely add water into the water seal chamber to avoid water seal disappearance and the like, thereby avoiding water channel reverse taste. When no water exists in the water replenishing box 15 or the water is too little, the switch valve 16 can be closed, the upper cover 15.2 can be opened manually, water is directly added manually, the upper cover 15.2 is closed after water is added, and the switch valve 16 is opened.
The water seal floor drain still includes to bury the wall box, buries the wall box setting in the wall, buries the wall box and connects moisturizing box 15, and moisturizing box 15 is located to bury the wall box, and one side of burying the wall box can be made for transparent material, buries when the wall box imbeds in the wall, and this side outwards, and the user observes moisturizing box 15 through this side, if moisturizing box 15 has foretell observation window, then this side corresponds the observation window. The water supplementing box 15 is arranged in the wall body through the embedded wall box, so that the invention does not occupy indoor space and is attractive. When the water replenishing box 15 comprises a box body 15.1 and an upper cover 15.2, a space can be reserved in the wall-buried box, so that people can conveniently open and close the upper cover 15.2.