CN108821821A - A kind of aerobic composting device and method of magnetic field auxiliary - Google Patents
A kind of aerobic composting device and method of magnetic field auxiliary Download PDFInfo
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- CN108821821A CN108821821A CN201810989811.7A CN201810989811A CN108821821A CN 108821821 A CN108821821 A CN 108821821A CN 201810989811 A CN201810989811 A CN 201810989811A CN 108821821 A CN108821821 A CN 108821821A
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- magnetic field
- compost
- aerobic
- composting
- auxiliary
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/30—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using irradiation, e.g. solar or nuclear radiation; using electric or magnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
Abstract
The invention discloses the aerobic composting device and method of a kind of magnetic field auxiliary, which includes compost reactor, magnetic field generator and aeration head, and magnetic field generator is arranged outside compost reactor, and aeration head is arranged in compost reactor bottom.The aerobic compost method includes the following steps：1) organic solid castoff and auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, add water uniformly mixed, obtain composting material；2) composting material is added in aerobic composting device as described above, applies magnetic field, continuous aeration carries out compost.The present invention can promote the metabolic activity of microorganism in heap body, quickly improve compost temperature, and the rotten degree of compost is improved while shortening composting cycle.The present invention reduces the discharge of greenhouse gases from the generation for reducing nitrous oxide in composting process on source, and also improves the nitrogen content of composting production, improves the fertility of composting production, and it is simple to operation, operability is high, strong applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aerobic composting devices and method of a kind of magnetic field auxiliary, belong to organic solid castoff processing technique
Field.
Background technique
Organic solid castoff is many kinds of, including kitchen garbage, excrement, sludge, corn ear, stalk, rice husk etc..With
The yield of the raising of expanding economy and living standard, organic solid castoff is continuously increased.It was predicted that with production
Development and population further increase, the yield of organic solid castoff can be with average annual 5%~10% speed increase, meeting
Serious environmental problem is caused, such as：Appropriation of land, contaminated soil and underground water spread the disease.Practice have shown that organic solid
The resource utilization of waste and harmless treatment be control environmental pollution, improve environment, develop a circular economy, realize it is sustainable
The effective way of development.
Aerobic compost is the effective technology of innoxious organic solid castoff, minimizing and recycling, and the principle is as follows：?
Under conditions of oxygen is sufficient, the microbial flora in heap body is by oxidation operation at degree of stability higher organic matter (part oxygen
Change) or it is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water (complete oxidation), and generate electron-transport electron receptor --- oxygen.Microbial bacteria
Group can release heat while oxidation of organic compounds, the temperature of heap body can be improved, therefore good by itself vital movement
The heap temperature of oxygen compost is generally greater than 55 DEG C.During High-Temperature Composting can kill pathogen to the maximum extent, and accelerate the drop of organic matter
Solution.However, the moisture content due to aerobic compost is lower, the utilization rate and transmission rate of oxygen are lower, internal easily to form anaerobic zone
Domain, the electronics that microbiological oxidation organic matter generates in anaerobic zone can only pass to organic acid, NO3-N and NO2-N etc.,
It is not high so as to cause the extension of compost treatment time, degree of humification, and can also generate methane, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide isothermal
Room gas.Wherein, nitrous oxide has greenhouse effects strongly, and greenhouse effects potential is 298 times of carbon dioxide.Oxygen
Changing sub- nitrogen is the main greenhouse gas generated in aerobic composting process, its discharge not only results in nitrogen loss, but also meeting
Aggravate global warming.Therefore, the humification process of compost how is improved, while reducing the row of nitrous oxide isothermal chamber gas
Putting is aerobic compost technology one of critical issue urgently to be resolved.
The measure for improving compost humification process mainly has：Forced ventilation, raising turn pile frequency, addition biological carbon etc. are bulk
Agent.These measures also can be reduced the discharge of nitrous oxide isothermal chamber gas, to compost while improving compost humification process
The development of technology has very big facilitation.However, since composting material is from a wealth of sources, the above-mentioned generally existing cost of measure compared with
High, the problems such as operability is poor, applicability is lower, practical application is restricted.
Studies have shown that electric field-assisted can promote composting process.Such as：CN 106946601A discloses a kind of fowl and animal excrement hair
The method of ferment compost, by being passed through the direct current of 0.5~3.0V/cm in compositing system, to realize antibiosis in feces of livestock and poultry
The removal of element and the recycling of heavy metal, while accelerating compost reaction process, reach and improves compost fertilizer efficiency and shorten composting cycle
Purpose.But the technical solution provides higher direct current, excessively high voltage leads to the electrolysis of water, and is not suitable for electricity production
Microbe survival；In addition, also need to add the composite catalyst that mass ratio is 0.05%~2% in the program, composite catalyst
Preparation process it is complex and also need to by calcining etc. pollution process, there are secondary pollution problems.CN 104671863A is public
A kind of bioelectrochemistry auxiliary anaerobic composting device and its starting operation method for improving dewatered sludge rotten degree has been opened, it will be biological
Electrochemical techniques are introduced into sludge anaerobic fermentation, and sludge passes through 35~40 days anaerobic fermentations, and rotten degree can be improved
30%.However, the system is anaerobic fermentation, fermentation temperature is lower (30~45 DEG C), not to killings such as various pathogens and worm's ovums
Thoroughly, fermentation subsequent product is of poor quality.Moreover, the system is divided into anaerobic composting room, electrochemical chamber, system configuration complexity is cumbersome.
In addition, the system starting process is cumbersome, electro-chemical activity bacterium needs to tame by early period, every 3~5 days replacement once electrolytic liquid,
It could be cultivated after several periods successfully, system just calculates starting.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of aerobic composting devices of magnetic field auxiliary and method, the device can be in low exposure
The quick aerobic compost that organic solid castoff is realized in the case where tolerance, accelerates compost humification process, while can reduce
The discharge of nitrous oxide isothermal chamber gas.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, including compost reactor, magnetic field generator and aeration head, magnetic field occur
Device is arranged outside compost reactor, and aeration head is arranged in compost reactor bottom.
Online thermometer is additionally provided with inside the compost reactor.
The compost reactor outer wall is enclosed with insulating layer.
A kind of aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary, specifically includes following steps：
1) organic solid castoff and auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, add water uniformly mixed, obtain composting material；
2) composting material is added in the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary as described above, application magnetic field, continuous aeration,
Carry out compost.
Step 1) the organic solid castoff, auxiliary material mass ratio be 10：(2~3).
Step 1) the organic solid castoff is chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pig manure, cow dung, dog excrement, cat excrement, sheep dung, horse
At least one of excrement, sludge.
Step 1) the auxiliary material is at least one of rice bran, stalk, rice husk.
The water content of the step 1) composting material is 50wt%~70wt%.
The intensity in the step 2) magnetic field is 50~80Gs.
The aeration flow of the step 2) continuous aeration is 0.3~0.5L/minm3。
Basic principle of the invention is：In aerobic composting process, an alternating magnetic field is applied to heap body, the guidance in magnetic field
Under effect, the electronics that microbiological oxidation organic matter generates can fast move under the influence of a magnetic field, can be captured by oxygen, thus
The exhaustive oxidation that can accelerate organic matter generates more heats.Nitrous oxide is microorganism nitrifying process and denitrification process
Intermediate product, nitrifying process and denitrification process are carried out under conditions of hypoxic/anaerobic and carbon source are sufficient, and in magnetic fields
Lower organic carbon is by fast degradation, so that carbon source is quickly reduced.In addition, oxygen is more compared with nitrate, organic acid, nitrite
It is easy to be reduced, it is easier to obtain the electronics of oxidation operation generation.Therefore, because lack carbon source and electronics source, thus from
Reduce the generation of nitrous oxide on source.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention can promote the metabolic activity of microorganism in heap body, quickly improve compost
Temperature improves the rotten degree of compost while shortening composting cycle.The present invention overcomes traditional aerobic composts to be largely aerated in vain,
The defect for wasting energy consumption, has the advantages that energy saving, plant maintenance is easy, treatment effeciency is high and stable.The present invention from
The generation for reducing nitrous oxide in composting process on source, reduces the discharge of greenhouse gases, and also improves compost production
The nitrogen content of product, improves the fertility of composting production, and it is simple to operation, operability is high, strong applicability, can be widely used for city
The organic solid waste aerobic composts such as town sludge, feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw, house refuse.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the aerobic composting device that the magnetic field of Examples 1 to 3 assists.
Attached drawing indicates explanation：10, compost reactor；20, magnetic field generator；30, aeration head；Dotted line is the magnetic of simulation in figure
Feel line.
Specific embodiment
A kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, including compost reactor, magnetic field generator and aeration head, magnetic field occur
Device is arranged outside compost reactor, and aeration head is arranged in compost reactor bottom.
Preferably, online thermometer is additionally provided with inside the compost reactor.
Preferably, the compost reactor outer wall is enclosed with insulating layer.
A kind of aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary, specifically includes following steps：
1) organic solid castoff and auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, add water uniformly mixed, obtain composting material；
2) composting material is added in the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary as described above, application magnetic field, continuous aeration,
Carry out compost.
Preferably, the step 1) organic solid castoff, auxiliary material mass ratio be 10：(2~3).
Preferably, the step 1) organic solid castoff be chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pig manure, cow dung, dog excrement, cat excrement,
At least one of sheep dung, horsehit, sludge.
Preferably, the step 1) auxiliary material is at least one of rice bran, stalk, rice husk.
Preferably, the water content of the step 1) composting material is 50wt%~70wt%.
Preferably, the intensity in the step 2) magnetic field is 50~80Gs.
Preferably, the aeration flow of the step 2) continuous aeration is 0.3~0.5L/minm3。
The present invention will be further explained combined with specific embodiments below and explanation.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, structure as shown in Figure 1, compost reactor is rectangle, long 1000cm,
Wide 50cm, high 60cm are provided with magnetic field generator beside compost reactor, and the coil diameter of magnetic field generator is 50cm, is adopted
Use 220v alternating current as input power, compost reactor bottom is provided with multiple aeration heads, and compost reactor outer wall is enclosed with
Cotton fibre (heat preservation for compost reactor), compost reactor are internally provided with online thermometer (for recording heap in real time
The temperature change of fertilizer).
Compost is carried out using the aerobic composting device of magnetic field as described above auxiliary, is included the following steps：
1) by chicken manure and rice husk according to mass ratio 5:1 is uniformly mixed, and adds water uniformly mixed, it is (aqueous to obtain composting material
Measure 60wt%)；
2) composting material is added in the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, applies the magnetic field of intensity 50Gs, control aeration
Flow is 0.3L/minm3Continuous aeration carries out compost, carried out turning with 10 days for the period, re-starts compost after turning.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, structure as shown in Figure 1, compost reactor is rectangle, long 1000cm,
Wide 50cm, high 60cm are provided with magnetic field generator beside compost reactor, and the coil diameter of magnetic field generator is 50cm, is adopted
Use 220v alternating current as input power, compost reactor bottom is provided with multiple aeration heads, and compost reactor outer wall is enclosed with
Cotton fibre (heat preservation for compost reactor), compost reactor are internally provided with online thermometer (for recording heap in real time
The temperature change of fertilizer).
Compost is carried out using the aerobic composting device of magnetic field as described above auxiliary, is included the following steps：
1) by chicken manure and rice husk according to mass ratio 5:1 is uniformly mixed, and adds water uniformly mixed, it is (aqueous to obtain composting material
Measure 60wt%)；
2) composting material is added in the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, applies the magnetic field of intensity 60Gs, control aeration
Flow is 0.3L/minm3Continuous aeration carries out compost, carried out turning with 10 days for the period, re-starts compost after turning.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, structure as shown in Figure 1, compost reactor is rectangle, long 1000cm,
Wide 50cm, high 60cm are provided with magnetic field generator beside compost reactor, and the coil diameter of magnetic field generator is 50cm, is adopted
Use 220v alternating current as input power, compost reactor bottom is provided with multiple aeration heads, and compost reactor outer wall is enclosed with
Cotton fibre (heat preservation for compost reactor), compost reactor are internally provided with online thermometer (for recording heap in real time
The temperature change of fertilizer).
Compost is carried out using the aerobic composting device of magnetic field as described above auxiliary, is included the following steps：
1) by pig manure and rice husk according to mass ratio 5:1 is uniformly mixed, and adds water uniformly mixed, it is (aqueous to obtain composting material
Measure 60wt%)；
2) composting material is added in the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, applies the magnetic field of intensity 50Gs, control aeration
Flow is 0.3L/minm3Continuous aeration carries out compost, carried out turning with 10 days for the period, re-starts compost after turning.
Comparative example：
A kind of routine supports well compost method, includes the following steps：
1) by chicken manure and rice husk according to mass ratio 5:1 is uniformly mixed, and adds water uniformly mixed, it is (aqueous to obtain composting material
Measure 60wt%)；
2) composting material is added in conventional composting device, control aeration flow is 0.3L/minm3Continuous aeration,
Compost is carried out, turning was carried out with 10 days for the period, re-starts compost after turning.
Test case：
The compost effect of embodiment 1 and comparative example：
1) maximum temperature of compost can achieve 70 DEG C in embodiment 1, and the maximum temperature of compost is about 63 in comparative example
DEG C, differ about 7 DEG C.It can be seen that flow by introduction by magnetic field electronics, the carbonisation of organic matter can be accelerated, and then can be with
The temperature for improving compost ultimately facilitates and kills worm's ovum, pathogen etc..
2) DOM (dissolved organic matter) test is carried out to the composting production in embodiment 1 and comparative example, discovery is passed through 30 days
After compost, the DOM of composting production is 920mg/L in comparative example, and DOM removal rate is 31%, and composting production in embodiment 1
DOM is 716mg/L, and DOM removal rate is 46%, and DOM removal rate improves 15% in embodiment 1.It can be seen that the present invention can be with
Promote the degree of humification of compost.
3) test of percentage of seedgermination index is carried out to the composting production in embodiment 1 and comparative example, finds heap in comparative example
The percentage of seedgermination index GI of fertilizer product is 86%, and the percentage of seedgermination index GI of composting production is 131% in embodiment 1, real
The percentage of seedgermination index for applying composting production in example 1 improves 45%.It can be seen that the present invention can significantly improve composting production
Percentage of seedgermination.
4) the generation rate of nitrous oxide is up to 1.2mg/kgd in comparative example, and nitrous oxide in embodiment 1
It generates rate and is consistently less than 0.2mg/kgd, show that the present invention can greatly reduce the discharge of nitrous oxide gas.Reason exists
In：N2O is NO2 -And NO3 -Under the conditions of existing for the carbon source, the product of redox reaction is carried out as the final receptor of electronics,
Under the influence of a magnetic field, carbon source is by fast degradation, and electronics captured by oxygen (dioxygen oxidation reduction potential is higher, with
NO2 -And NO3 -Have the advantage in competition electronics), N is finally inhibited from source2The generation of O.It can be seen that the present invention can promote
Into the progress of redox reaction in heap body, compost temperature can be quickly improved, and then the period of compost can be shortened, while can
To reduce N2The generation of O is a kind of environmental-friendly technique.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary, it is characterised in that：Including compost reactor, magnetic field generator and aeration
Head, magnetic field generator are arranged outside compost reactor, and aeration head is arranged in compost reactor bottom.
2. the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Inside the compost reactor
It is additionally provided with online thermometer.
3. the aerobic composting device of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The compost reactor
Outer wall is enclosed with insulating layer.
4. a kind of aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1) organic solid castoff and auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, add water uniformly mixed, obtain composting material；
2) by composting material be added benefit require any one of 1~3 described in aerobic composting device, apply magnetic field, it is continuous to expose
Gas carries out compost.
5. the aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the organic solid
Waste, auxiliary material mass ratio be 10：(2~3).
6. the aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：Step 1) is described organic
Solid waste is at least one of chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, pig manure, cow dung, dog excrement, cat excrement, sheep dung, horsehit, sludge.
7. the aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the auxiliary material
For at least one of rice bran, stalk, rice husk.
8. the aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the compost
The water content of raw material is 50wt%~70wt%.
9. the aerobic compost method of magnetic field auxiliary according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step 2) the magnetic field it is strong
Degree is 50~80Gs.
10. the aerobic compost method of the auxiliary of the magnetic field according to claim 4 or 9, it is characterised in that：Step 2) is described continuous
The aeration flow of aeration is 0.3~0.5L/minm3。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114573387A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 福建农林大学 | Alternating-current electric field assisted ultrahigh-temperature composting device and composting method |
| CN115246754A (en) * | 2021-07-11 | 2022-10-28 | 青岛大学 | Method for reducing greenhouse gas emission in composting process |
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