CN108819712B - Transfer case structure and articulated dumper - Google Patents

Transfer case structure and articulated dumper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108819712B
CN108819712B CN201810602277.XA CN201810602277A CN108819712B CN 108819712 B CN108819712 B CN 108819712B CN 201810602277 A CN201810602277 A CN 201810602277A CN 108819712 B CN108819712 B CN 108819712B
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Prior art keywords
gear assembly
output gear
transfer case
assembly
differential
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CN108819712A (en
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秦红义
张杰山
汤治明
王道明
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Xuzhou XCMG Mining Machinery Co Ltd
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Xuzhou XCMG Mining Machinery Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a transfer case structure which is applied to a hinged dumper, and comprises a case body, an input shaft, a differential mechanism, a rear output gear assembly I, a front output gear assembly I, a rear output gear assembly II, a front output gear assembly II and a front output gear assembly III; the differential mechanism is positioned on the uppermost shaft of the transfer case and is coaxial with the input shaft of the transfer case; the input shaft transmits power to the differential, and the differential distributes the power to the rear output gear assembly I and the front output gear assembly I; the rear output gear assembly I is meshed with the rear output gear assembly II, and power is output to the hinge body; the front output gear assembly I is meshed with the front output gear assembly II, and the front output gear assembly II is meshed with the front output gear assembly III to output power to the front axle. The invention reduces the front-rear space size of the shaft at the lowest part of the transfer case and can improve the output from the transfer case to the front axle; the constant proportion distribution of the front and rear output torque can be realized.

Description

Transfer case structure and articulated dumper
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transfer case structure, and belongs to the technical field of transmission.
Background
The hinged dumper is special equipment specially applied to severe working conditions such as raininess, muddy road, rugged road and the like, and is provided with a front frame and a rear frame which are connected through a hinged body or a swinging ring, wherein the front frame is provided with an engine, a gearbox, a transfer case, a cab and other parts, is supported by virtue of a front axle, the rear frame is provided with a cargo compartment, and is supported by virtue of a middle axle and a rear axle. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of power transmission of an articulated dump truck. The special use condition requires the articulated dumper to have excellent driving capability and off-road capability, most of the articulated dumper is driven by three axles, when the cargo box is empty, the front axle bears about 50% of the weight of the whole dumper (empty weight), but when the cargo box is full, the three axles bear basically the same weight, or the middle axle and the rear axle are slightly higher. The transfer case is a power distribution device of the hinged dumper, is positioned between a power source (an engine and a gearbox) and a power execution part (a drive axle) and plays a vital role.
At present, transfer cases adopted by articulated dumpers have the following problems:
1. The torque distribution can not be customized and can only be output in front and rear 1:1, but the front and rear output torques are better when distributed in about 1:2 according to the gravity distribution of the articulated dump truck, and the optimal state is distributed according to the bearing of each bridge in the same proportion.
2. The differential is located on the transfer case lower most shaft, with the front and rear outputs coaxial, and this arrangement presents two problems: a. the front and rear space size of the output shaft at the lowest part of the transfer case is increased, the transmission shaft from the transfer case to the front axle is shortened, the angle of the transmission shaft is greatly affected by the up-and-down floating of the front axle, and the processing difficulty of the shorter transmission shaft is high, so that the cost is high; b. the rear output height of the transfer case is lower, so that the ground clearance at the lower part of the hinge body is very low, and the trafficability of the whole vehicle is affected.
3. The differential lock adopts a jaw differential lock or a differential lock without the differential lock, and when the jaw differential lock applies motion, certain impact and mechanical damage exist, and the jaw differential lock is required to be applied in a low-speed or static state; if the differential lock is not provided, tires on two sides of one drive axle can slip simultaneously, so that the whole vehicle can lose driving capability.
4. When the whole vehicle suddenly loses a power source (such as flameout of an engine) or the main steering pump works abnormally, the whole vehicle loses steering capacity or has insufficient steering force, so that the whole vehicle is out of control, and certain potential safety hazard exists.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a transfer case structure which is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
The transfer case structure is applied to the hinged dumper and comprises a case body, an input shaft, a differential mechanism, a rear output gear assembly I, a front output gear assembly I, a rear output gear assembly II, a front output gear assembly II and a front output gear assembly III; the differential mechanism is positioned on the uppermost shaft of the transfer case and is coaxial with the input shaft of the transfer case; the input shaft transmits power to the differential, and the differential distributes the power to the rear output gear assembly I and the front output gear assembly I; the rear output gear assembly I is meshed with the rear output gear assembly II, and power is output to the hinge body; the front output gear assembly I is meshed with the front output gear assembly II, and the front output gear assembly II is meshed with the front output gear assembly III to output power to the front axle.
Preferably, the front output gear assembly II is nested on the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II only plays a supporting and positioning role on the front output gear assembly II, so that the rotating speeds of the front output gear assembly II and the rear output gear assembly II have no influence on each other.
Preferably, the rear output gear assembly II and the front output gear assembly III are not coaxial, the rear output gear assembly II is positioned on an intermediate shaft of the transfer case, the front output gear assembly III is positioned on the lowermost shaft of the transfer case, so that the height of the rear output transmission shaft is improved, the height of the hinge body is correspondingly improved, and the passing performance of the whole vehicle is improved.
Preferably, the differential mechanism adopts a planetary differential mechanism, and front and rear torque is distributed according to a specific proportion through the proportion of the number of teeth of a gear train; or the torque distribution is customized according to the bearing of the three drive axles, so that the reasonable distribution of the driving force of the whole vehicle is realized.
Preferably, the planetary differential comprises a planet carrier, a planetary gear set, a planet wheel, a sun gear assembly I and a sun gear assembly II; the planet carrier is directly connected with the input shaft of the transfer case and rotates at the same speed; the rotating shaft of the planetary gear set is fixedly connected to the planet carrier and revolves along with the planet carrier; the planetary gear set is meshed with the planet wheel and the sun wheel assembly II respectively; the rotating shaft of the planet wheel is fixedly connected to the planet carrier and revolves along with the planet carrier, and the planet wheel is meshed with the sun wheel assembly I; the sun gear assembly I is fixedly connected with the front output gear assembly I in a coaxial way, and then power is output to the front output gear assembly III; the sun gear assembly II is fixedly connected with the rear output gear assembly I in a coaxial mode, and then power is output to the rear output gear assembly II.
Preferably, the transfer case structure further includes a differential lock located on the uppermost axle of the transfer case coaxial with the transfer case input shaft.
Preferably, the differential lock adopts an inter-axle differential lock; the inter-axle limited slip differential lock includes:
the differential lock bracket is fixedly connected with the box body of the transfer case and does not rotate;
the external tooth friction disc assembly is connected with the differential mechanism and rotates at the same speed;
the internal tooth friction disc assembly is connected with the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly I and rotates at the same speed; and
And the brake cylinder assembly is controlled by an external hydraulic system, and the brake cylinder assembly compresses the external tooth friction disc assembly and the internal tooth friction disc assembly by applying oil pressure, so that locking of the differential is realized.
Preferably, the inter-axle differential lock is a friction plate type limited slip differential lock.
Preferably, the transfer case structure further includes an emergency steering pump; the emergency steering pump is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II, and the emergency steering pump and the rear output gear assembly II rotate at the same speed; when the power source is suddenly lost or the main hydraulic pump fails in the running process of the whole vehicle, the reverse-dragging emergency steering pump rotates by means of rotation of the wheels, and the power source is supplemented for the steering system, so that the vehicle has certain steering capability, and the safe parking of the vehicle is ensured in a relatively safe area.
An articulated dump truck is a vehicle with a front frame, a rear frame and an articulated body, and comprises the transfer case structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a. the constant proportion distribution of the front and rear output torque can be realized;
b. the rear output position is improved, the ground clearance at the lower part of the hinge body is increased, and the passing capacity is improved;
c. the front-rear space size of the lowermost shaft of the transfer case is shortened, and the length of a transmission shaft from the transfer case to a front axle is increased;
d. the friction plate type limited slip differential lock is provided, so that the service life is long and the performance is reliable;
e. an emergency steering pump is arranged, so that the driving safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power transmission of an articulated dump truck;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an articulated dump truck transfer case;
FIG. 3 is a planetary differential block diagram of an articulated dump truck transfer case;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an inter-axle differential lock configuration for a transfer case of an articulated dump truck;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power transmission of the whole vehicle after the transfer case structure of the present invention is adopted.
Reference numerals illustrate: n1, an engine; n2, a gearbox; n3, a transmission shaft; n4, a transfer case; n5, a transmission shaft; n6, a hinge body; n7, a transmission shaft; n8, a middle bridge; n9, a transmission shaft; n10, rear axle; n11, front axle; n12, a transmission shaft; 1. a case; 2. an input shaft; 3. a planetary differential; 3-1, a planet carrier; 3-2 planetary gear sets; 3-3, planet gears; 3-4, sun gear assembly I; 3-5, sun gear assembly II; 4. an inter-axle differential lock; 4-1, a differential lock bracket; 4-2, an external tooth friction disc assembly; 4-3, an internal tooth friction disc assembly; 4-4, a brake cylinder assembly; 5. a rear output gear assembly I; 6. a front output gear assembly I; 7. a rear output gear assembly II; 8. a front output gear assembly II; 9. a front output gear assembly III; 10. an emergency steering pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The transfer case structure of the embodiment of the invention can be used for the hinged dumper of the embodiment of the invention; the hinged dumper provided by the embodiment of the invention has the transfer case structure provided by the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the power source is an engine N1, the speed is changed through a gearbox N2, the running speed and the driving force are controlled, the power output by the gearbox N2 is transmitted to a transfer case N4 through a transmission shaft N3, the transfer case N4 transmits the power to a front axle N11 and a hinged body N6 through a transmission shaft N12 and a transmission shaft N5 respectively, the hinged body N6 transmits the power to a middle axle N8 through a transmission shaft N7, the middle axle N8 is a front-rear through axle, and a part of the power is transmitted to a rear axle N10 through a transmission shaft N9.
The transfer case N4 is an existing transfer case, front and rear outputs are coaxial, so that the heights of the transmission shaft N5 and the hinge body N6 are low, and the passing performance of the whole vehicle is affected; the differential mechanism and the differential lock are positioned on the lowest output shaft of the transfer case, the size of the lower part of the transfer case N4 is larger, the size of a transmission shaft from the transfer case N4 to the front axle N11 is extremely short, the influence on the angle of the transmission shaft N12 caused by the up-and-down floating of the front axle N11 is larger, and the manufacturing difficulty of the shorter transmission shaft is large, and the cost is high.
As shown in fig. 2, the transfer case structure of the articulated dump truck according to the present invention includes a case 1, an input shaft 2, a planetary differential 3, an inter-shaft differential lock 4, a rear output gear assembly i5, a front output gear assembly i 6, a rear output gear assembly ii 7, a front output gear assembly ii 8, a front output gear assembly iii 9, and an emergency steering pump 10.
Power is transmitted through the input shaft 2 to the planetary differential 3, and the planetary differential 3 distributes power to the rear output gear assembly i 5 and the front output gear assembly i 6; the rear output gear assembly I5 is meshed with the rear output gear assembly II 7, and power is output to the hinge body N6; the front output gear assembly I6 is meshed with the front output gear assembly II 8, the front output gear assembly II 8 is nested on the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II 7 through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II 7 only plays a supporting and positioning role on the front output gear assembly II 8, and the rotating speeds of the front output gear assembly II and the rear output gear assembly II have no influence on each other; the front output gear assembly II 8 is meshed with the front output gear assembly III 9, and power is output to the front axle N11; the emergency steering pump 10 is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II 7, and the emergency steering pump and the rear output gear assembly rotate at the same speed; the planetary differential mechanism 3 and the inter-axle differential lock 4 are positioned on the uppermost shaft of the transfer case and coaxial with the power output shaft, so that the front-rear space size of the lowermost shaft of the transfer case is reduced, and the output from the transfer case to the front axle can be improved; the rear output gear assembly II and the front output gear assembly III are not coaxial, the rear output gear assembly II is located on the middle shaft of the transfer case, the front output gear assembly III is located on the lowest shaft of the transfer case, the height of the rear output transmission shaft N5 is effectively improved, the height of the hinge body N6 can be correspondingly improved, and the passing performance of the whole transfer case is improved.
The emergency steering pump 10 has the function of providing a sufficient power source for a steering system by means of rotation of wheels when a power source is suddenly lost (such as an engine is turned off) in the running process of the whole vehicle, and the emergency steering pump 10 is reversely towed to rotate, so that the vehicle has a certain steering capability and is ensured to safely park in a roadside or other relative safety area.
As shown in fig. 3, the planetary differential 3 is located on the uppermost axle of the transfer case, coaxially with the transfer case input shaft 2. The planetary differential 3 comprises a planet carrier 3-1, a planetary gear set 3-2, a planetary gear 3-3, a sun gear assembly I3-4 and a sun gear assembly II 3-5. The planet carrier 3-1 is directly connected with the transfer case input shaft 2 and rotates at the same speed; the rotating shaft of the planetary gear set 3-2 is fixedly connected to the planet carrier 3-1 and revolves along with the planet carrier 3-1; the planetary gear set 3-2 is meshed with the planetary gear set 3-3 and the sun gear assembly II 3-5 respectively; the rotating shaft of the planet wheel 3-3 is fixedly connected to the planet carrier 3-1, revolves along with the planet carrier 3-1, and the planet wheel 3-3 is meshed with the sun wheel assembly I3-4; the sun gear assembly I3-4 is fixedly connected with the front output gear assembly I6 coaxially, and then power is output to the front output gear assembly III 9; the sun gear assembly II 3-5 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rear output gear assembly I5, and then power is output to the rear output gear assembly II 7. The planetary differential 3 can realize unequal front and rear torque distribution through the proportion of the number of teeth of the gear train, and can customize torque distribution according to the bearing of three drive axles so as to realize reasonable distribution of the driving force of the whole vehicle. The conventional crossed axle differential mechanism has a simple structure, but front and rear output torque cannot be customized and distributed, and is not suitable for an articulated dump truck.
As shown in fig. 4, the inter-axle differential lock 4 includes a differential lock bracket 4-1, an external tooth friction disc assembly 4-2, an internal tooth friction disc assembly 4-3, and a brake cylinder assembly 4-4. The differential lock bracket 4-1 is fixedly connected with the transfer case body 1 without rotation; the external tooth friction disc assembly 4-2 is connected with the planet carrier 3-1 through a spline or the like and rotates at the same speed; the internal tooth friction disc assembly 4-3 is connected with the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly I5 through a spline or the like and rotates at the same speed; the brake cylinder assembly 4-4 is controlled by an external hydraulic system, and the brake cylinder assembly 4-4 can compress the external tooth friction disc assembly 4-2 and the internal tooth friction disc assembly 4-3 by applying oil pressure, so that the locking of the planetary differential 3 is realized. The inter-axle differential lock 4 has the function of preventing the phenomenon that a certain wheel slips to cause the shortage of the power of the whole vehicle. When the whole vehicle passes through a muddy road section or a ramp road section, the inter-axle differential lock 4 is locked, so that the whole vehicle is ensured to have sufficient driving force. The inter-axle differential lock 4 is a friction plate type limited slip differential lock, has no speed limit during application, is smooth in application, has no mechanical damage, has long service life, and almost does not need to be replaced in the whole life cycle of the transfer case; in the prior art, a jaw differential lock is mostly adopted, and because a driving fluted disc and a driven fluted disc are required to be mutually embedded in the application process, a certain impact can be generated to influence the service life, and therefore, the differential lock in the form can only allow the application action in a low-speed or static state.
As shown in fig. 5, the power transmission schematic diagram of the whole vehicle after the transfer case is adopted, it can be seen that the transmission shaft N12 from the transfer case N4 to the front axle N11 is lengthened, the influence of the up-and-down floating of the front axle N11 on the angle of the transmission shaft N12 is reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the transmission shaft N12 are reduced; the transfer case is highly promoted after outputting, and the height of the articulated body N6 improves, effectively increases the ground clearance of articulated body N6 lower part, improves whole car trafficability characteristic.
The hinged dumper is a vehicle with a front frame, a rear frame and a hinged body, and is generally of a three-shaft full-drive structure, wherein the front frame is provided with a bridge, the rear frame is provided with two bridges, and the front bridge, the middle bridge and the rear bridge bear basically the same load when in full load or the middle bridge and the rear bridge bear slightly higher load. For the two-axle hinged dumper with smaller rated load in the current market, the transfer case in the prior art can be satisfied, and certainly, if the front and rear drive axles of the two-axle dumper have larger bearing differences, the transfer case is more reasonable. The transfer case is also suitable for articulated dump trucks with more than three axles which may appear in the future, and the differential gear train is reasonably proportioned according to the bearing proportion, so that the reasonable distribution of front and rear driving torques is realized.
While the application has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and of limitation. As the present application may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a transfer case structure, is applied to in articulated tipper, its characterized in that: the transfer case structure comprises a case body, an input shaft, a differential mechanism, a rear output gear assembly I, a front output gear assembly I, a rear output gear assembly II, a front output gear assembly II and a front output gear assembly III;
the differential mechanism is positioned on the uppermost shaft of the transfer case and is coaxial with the input shaft of the transfer case;
The input shaft transmits power to the differential, and the differential distributes the power to the rear output gear assembly I and the front output gear assembly I;
the rear output gear assembly I is meshed with the rear output gear assembly II, and power is output to the hinge body;
The front output gear assembly I is meshed with the front output gear assembly II, and the front output gear assembly II is meshed with the front output gear assembly III to output power to the front axle;
the differential mechanism adopts a planetary differential mechanism, and front and rear torque is distributed according to a specific proportion through the proportion of the number of teeth of a gear train; or the torque distribution is customized according to the bearing of the three drive axles, so that the reasonable distribution of the driving force of the whole vehicle is realized;
The planetary differential comprises a planet carrier, a planetary gear set, a planet wheel, a sun gear assembly I and a sun gear assembly II;
the planet carrier is directly connected with the input shaft of the transfer case and rotates at the same speed;
the rotating shaft of the planetary gear set is fixedly connected to the planet carrier and revolves along with the planet carrier; the planetary gear set is meshed with the planet wheel and the sun wheel assembly II respectively;
the rotating shaft of the planet wheel is fixedly connected to the planet carrier and revolves along with the planet carrier, and the planet wheel is meshed with the sun wheel assembly I;
The sun gear assembly I is fixedly connected with the front output gear assembly I in a coaxial way, and then power is output to the front output gear assembly III;
the sun gear assembly II is fixedly connected with the rear output gear assembly I in a coaxial way, and then power is output to the rear output gear assembly II;
The transfer case structure also includes a differential lock located on the uppermost axle of the transfer case coaxial with the transfer case input shaft.
2. The transfer case structure of claim 1 wherein: the front output gear assembly II is nested on the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II through a bearing, and the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II only plays a supporting and positioning role on the front output gear assembly II, and the rotating speeds of the front output gear assembly II and the rear output gear assembly II have no influence on each other.
3. The transfer case structure of claim 1 wherein: the rear output gear assembly II and the front output gear assembly III are not coaxial, the rear output gear assembly II is located on an intermediate shaft of the transfer case, the front output gear assembly III is located on the lowest shaft of the transfer case, so that the height of the rear output transmission shaft is improved, the height of the hinge body is correspondingly improved, and the passing performance of the whole transfer case is improved.
4. The transfer case structure of claim 1 wherein: the differential lock adopts an inter-axle differential lock;
The inter-axle limited slip differential lock includes:
the differential lock bracket is fixedly connected with the box body of the transfer case and does not rotate;
the external tooth friction disc assembly is connected with the differential mechanism and rotates at the same speed;
the internal tooth friction disc assembly is connected with the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly I and rotates at the same speed; and
And the brake cylinder assembly is controlled by an external hydraulic system, and the brake cylinder assembly compresses the external tooth friction disc assembly and the internal tooth friction disc assembly by applying oil pressure, so that locking of the differential is realized.
5. The transfer case structure of claim 4 wherein: the interaxial differential lock adopts a friction plate type limited slip differential lock.
6. The transfer case structure of claim 1 wherein: the transfer case structure also comprises an emergency steering pump;
The emergency steering pump is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the rear output gear assembly II, and the emergency steering pump and the rear output gear assembly II rotate at the same speed;
when the power source is suddenly lost or the main hydraulic pump fails in the running process of the whole vehicle, the reverse-dragging emergency steering pump rotates by means of rotation of the wheels, and the power source is supplemented for the steering system, so that the vehicle has certain steering capability, and the safe parking of the vehicle is ensured in a relatively safe area.
7. An articulated dump truck is a vehicle with a front frame, a rear frame and an articulated body, and is characterized in that: comprising the transfer case structure of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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