CN108819358A - 一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108819358A
CN108819358A CN201810522584.7A CN201810522584A CN108819358A CN 108819358 A CN108819358 A CN 108819358A CN 201810522584 A CN201810522584 A CN 201810522584A CN 108819358 A CN108819358 A CN 108819358A
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honeycomb
multistage
panel
multistage honeycomb
carbon fiber
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于国财
杨志韬
李鑫宇
吴林志
肖镇骞
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法,由上面板、多级蜂窝结构夹芯层和下面板组成；多级蜂窝结构夹芯层由多个带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条相互嵌锁组装而成，带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由上层复合材料板、中层高刚度泡沫板和下层复合材料板组成，复合材料板为由两层单向碳纤维复合材料铺设而成的板。本发明解决了复合材料蜂窝结构低密度区域平压强度低和剪切强度不如复合材料金字塔点阵结构的问题，提高了复合材料蜂窝壁的抗屈曲能力，提高了碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构的平压强度和剪切强度。

Description

一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多级蜂窝结构，特别是一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构具有优异的力学性能，然而复合材料蜂窝结构仍然有两个力学性能需要调：一是，在低密度区域(150kg/m3)，碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构的平压强度不如碳纤维复合材料金字塔点阵结构；二是，其剪切强度不如碳纤维复合材料金字塔点阵结构。在低密度区域，复合材料蜂窝壁易于发生弹性屈曲，这是导致其平压强度不高的主要原因；而复合材料蜂窝结构与面板较小的粘接面积和较弱的粘接强度，导致其在剪切载荷下易于发生面芯脱粘失效。为此，利用多级结构思想，优化设计和制备了多级复合材料蜂窝结构，大大提高了其平压和剪切强度。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种低密度区域平压强度和剪切强度高的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，包括上面板、下面板和设置在上面板和下面板之间的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层；多级蜂窝结构夹芯层由沿水平和竖直方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条相互嵌锁组装而成,同向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条具有相同数量的槽,各方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条数量等于另一方向上带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条的槽的数量,各方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条数量均大于等于2；带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由PMI泡沫夹芯板制备，PMI泡沫夹芯板包括上层合板、PMI泡沫板和下层合板；上层合板和下层合板均为单向碳纤维复合材料板；PMI泡沫板的上表面与上层合板粘接在一起，PMI泡沫板的下表面与下层合板粘接在一起。
作为本发明一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的一种优选方案，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的上表面与上面板粘接在一起，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的下表面与下面板粘接在一起。
本发明一种制备上述一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：制备复合材料板：打开恒温加热台，调节温度至30℃，在加热台上面铺设8层单向碳纤维复合材料得到复合材料面板，铺层角度为[(0/90/90/0]S，然后放入密封袋中密封，放入热压罐中升温加压固化，得到制备上面板和下面板的复合材料板；
步骤二：制备上面板和下面板：打磨步骤一得到的复合材料板的单侧表面，然后去除打磨面的灰尘和油污，再清洗干净并且烘干，然后切割烘干后的复合材料板，得到上面板和下面板；
步骤三：制备PMI泡沫夹芯板：用热压罐干燥PMI泡沫，然后在恒温加热台上在PMI泡沫两侧分别对称铺设同向的单向碳纤维复合材料板，然后用密封袋密封后放入热压罐中固化，得到处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯板；
步骤四：制备带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条：将步骤三得到的PMI泡沫夹芯板切割出槽口，得到带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条；
步骤五：制备多级蜂窝结构夹芯层：将步骤四得到的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条在嵌锁槽口处相互嵌锁组装，得到多级蜂窝结构夹芯层；
步骤六：制备单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构：将上面板组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层上表面，将下面板组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层下表面，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层与上面板和下面板的打磨面之间粘接，然后采用模具热压工艺固化，得到单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构。
作为本发明一种制备上述一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法的优选方案，步骤一中放入热压罐中升温加压固化过程为:抽真空检测后，以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至80℃，同时增加罐内环境压力至0.1MPa后，保持罐内环境温度80℃以及环境压力0.1MPa的状态30分钟；然后以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至130℃，同时增加罐内环境压力至0.3MPa，保持罐内环境温度130℃以及环境压力0.3MPa的状态90分钟；然后停止加热并释放罐内压力，待罐内温度冷却之后，取出固化好的复合材料层合板。
作为本发明一种制备上述一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法的另一种优选方案，步骤三中的放入热压罐中固化过程为:保持密封袋内始终为真空状态，以2.0℃/min的速率进行线性升温，温度达到130℃时停止升温，然后在130℃的环境温度下保持2小时，对PMI泡沫进行干燥。
作为本发明一种制备上述一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法的再一种优选方案，步骤六中的模具热压工艺过程为:在130℃环境温度下进行加压固化，保持环境温度130℃且加压的状态下2小时后停止加热，待冷却之后得到成型的多级复合材料蜂窝结构。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，本文应用多级结构设计思想，将高模量PMI泡沫作为基本材料应用于碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构中，制备出PMI泡沫多级复合材料蜂窝结构，解决复合材料蜂窝结构低密度区域平压强度低和剪切强度不如复合材料金字塔点阵结构的问题。
本发明的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，PMI泡沫的使用提高了复合材料蜂窝壁的抗屈曲能力，材料中的纤维方向是沿芯子承受压缩应力方向，使得多级复合材料蜂窝结构在承受面外压缩载荷的时候，复合材料中的纤维能够发挥出最大的承载利用率，从而提高了碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构的平压强度，PMI泡沫的添加也增加了复合材料蜂窝结构的面芯粘接面积，避免其发生界面脱粘失效的低级失效模式，进而提高了复合材料蜂窝结构的剪切强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构示意图；
图2为本发明的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层示意图；
图3为本发明的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条主视图；
图4为本发明的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条内部结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施方式做进一步说明。
如图1所示，本实施方式的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，由上面板1、多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2和下面板3组成；
如图2所示，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2由多个等厚度的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条4相互嵌锁组装而成；
如图4所示，带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由上层合板4-1、中层PMI泡沫板4-2和下层合板4-3组成。
中层PMI泡沫板4-2的上表面与上层合板4-1之间利用碳纤维上面的树脂通过热压罐加热加压粘接在一起，中层PMI泡沫板4-2的下表面与下层合板4-3之间利用碳纤维上面的树脂，通过热压罐加热加压粘接在一起；
上层合板4-1和下层合板4-3为由两层单向碳纤维复合材料铺设而成的板。
本发明的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法按以下步骤进行：
一、制备复合材料板：打开恒温加热台，调节温度至30℃，在加热台上面铺设8层单向增强碳纤维复合材料得到复合材料面板，铺层角度为[(0/90/90/0)]S，然后在密封袋中用腻子密封好，放入热压罐中升温加压固化，得到制备上下面板的复合材料板；
二、制备上下面板：使用200目以上的砂纸打磨步骤一得到的复合材料板的单侧表面，然后使用丙酮去除打磨面的灰尘和油污，再用去离子水清洗干净，然后烘干，得到处理后的复合材料板，然后使用雕刻机把处理后的复合材料板切割成比多级蜂窝结构夹芯层大一点的正方形面板，得到上面板1和下面板3。
三、制备PMI泡沫夹芯板：先用热压罐干燥PMI泡沫板4-2，然后在恒温加热台上在PMI泡沫板4-2两边对称铺设两层同向的单向碳纤维(即上层合板4-1和下层合板4-3)，从而得到PMI泡沫夹芯板，然后用密封袋密封好放入热压罐中固化，得到处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯板；
四、制备带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条：使用雕刻机将步骤三得到的PMI泡沫夹芯板切割出带有槽口的嵌锁条，得到带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条；
五、制备多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2：将多个步骤四得到的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条在嵌锁槽口处相互嵌锁组装，得到多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2；
六、制备单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构：将上面板1组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2上表面，将下面板2组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2下表面，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层2与上面板1和下面板3之间采用胶膜粘接，然后采用模具热压工艺固化，得到单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构。
步骤一中所述的热压罐工艺过程为用抽真空检测并确认真空袋密封良好之后，以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至80℃，与此同时增加罐内环境压力至0.1MPa后，保持罐内环境温度80℃以及环境压力0.1MPa的状态30分钟；然后同样以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至130℃，与此同时增加罐内环境压力至0.3MPa，保持罐内环境温度130℃以及环境压力0.3MPa的状态90分钟；待90分钟之后停止加热并释放罐内压力，待罐内温度冷却之后，取出固化好的复合材料层合板。
步骤三中所述的热压罐工艺过程为将PMI泡沫用真空密封袋密封，放入热压罐中，保持袋内始终为真空状态，以2.0℃/min的速率进行线性升温，温度达到130℃时停止升温，然后在130℃的环境温度下保持2小时，对PMI泡沫进行干燥。
步骤六中所述的模具热压工艺过程为将得到的结构在130℃环境温度下进行加压固化，保持环境温度130℃且加压的状态下2小时后停止加热，待冷却之后得到成型的多级复合材料蜂窝结构。
本发明的实施方式还包括：
本发明的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构由上面板、多级蜂窝结构夹芯层和下面板组成；
多级蜂窝结构夹芯层由多个等厚度的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条相互嵌锁固定而成；
带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由上层合板、中层PMI泡沫板和下层合板组成，中层PMI泡沫板的上表面与上层合板之间通过单向碳纤维上面的树脂粘接在一起，再通过热压罐加热加压固化住；中层PMI泡沫板的下表面与下层合板之间通过单向碳纤维上面的树脂粘接在一起，再通过热压罐加热加压固化住；
上层合板和下层合板为单向碳纤维复合材料板，多级蜂窝结构的上表面与上面板之间用胶膜粘接在一起，多级蜂窝结构的下表面与下面板之间用胶膜粘接在一起。
多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的上表面与上面板之间用J272-C胶膜粘接在一起，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的下表面与下面板之间用J272-C胶膜粘接在一起。
本实施方式的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构解决复合材料蜂窝结构低密度区域平压强度低和剪切强度不如复合材料金字塔点阵结构的问题，利用单向碳纤维增强平压强度。
通本实施方式的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，高模量PMI泡沫的添加增加了多级复合材料蜂窝结构抗弹性屈曲的能力，也增加了多级蜂窝夹芯层跟面板的接触面积，提高了它的剪切强度。
碳纤维复合材料蜂窝结构具有优异的力学性能，在航空航天领域拥有广阔的应用空间，但在等效密度低于150kg/m3且单胞尺寸较小时，其平压强度和剪切强度较低。为提高复合材料蜂窝结构的力学性能，本发明提出了单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构及其制备方法。产品由上面板、多级蜂窝结构夹芯层和下面板组成；多级蜂窝结构夹芯层由多个带槽的多级蜂窝嵌锁条相互嵌锁组装而成，带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由上层复合材料板、中层高刚度泡沫板和下层复合材料板组成，复合材料板为单向碳纤维复合材料，高刚度泡沫为杨氏模量大于200MPa的PMI泡沫。制备方法如下：一、制备上、下面板；二、表面处理；三、制备复合材料泡沫夹芯板；四、制备带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条；五、制备多级蜂窝结构夹芯层；六、制备单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构。本发明制备的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的比平压强度大于200×103m2/s2和比剪切强度大于14.3×103m2/s2。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施案例，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均可有改变之处，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

1.一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，其特征在于：包括上面板、下面板和设置在上面板和下面板之间的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层；所述的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层由沿水平和竖直方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条相互嵌锁组装而成,同向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条具有相同数量的槽,各方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条数量等于另一方向上带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条的槽的数量,各方向的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条数量均大于等于2；所述的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条由PMI泡沫夹芯板制备，PMI泡沫夹芯板包括上层合板、PMI泡沫板和下层合板；所述的上层合板和下层合板均为单向碳纤维复合材料板；所述的PMI泡沫板的上表面与上层合板粘接在一起，所述的PMI泡沫板的下表面与下层合板粘接在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构，其特征在于：所述的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的上表面与上面板粘接在一起，所述的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层的下表面与下面板粘接在一起。
3.一种制备权利要求1或2所述的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：制备复合材料板：打开恒温加热台，调节温度至30℃，在加热台上面铺设8层单向碳纤维复合材料得到复合材料面板，铺层角度为[(0/90/90/0]S，然后放入密封袋中密封，放入热压罐中升温加压固化，得到制备上面板和下面板的复合材料板；
步骤二：制备上面板和下面板：打磨步骤一得到的复合材料板的单侧表面，然后去除打磨面的灰尘和油污，再清洗干净并且烘干，然后切割烘干后的复合材料板，得到上面板和下面板；
步骤三：制备PMI泡沫夹芯板：用热压罐干燥PMI泡沫，然后在恒温加热台上在PMI泡沫两侧分别对称铺设同向的单向碳纤维复合材料板，然后用密封袋密封后放入热压罐中固化，得到处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯板；
步骤四：制备带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条：将步骤三得到的PMI泡沫夹芯板切割出槽口，得到带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条；
步骤五：制备多级蜂窝结构夹芯层：将步骤四得到的带槽多级蜂窝嵌锁条在嵌锁槽口处相互嵌锁组装，得到多级蜂窝结构夹芯层；
步骤六：制备单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构：将上面板组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层上表面，将下面板组装在步骤五得到的多级蜂窝结构夹芯层下表面，多级蜂窝结构夹芯层与上面板和下面板的打磨面之间粘接，然后采用模具热压工艺固化，得到单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备权利要求1或2所述的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤一中所述的放入热压罐中升温加压固化过程为:抽真空检测后，以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至80℃，同时增加罐内环境压力至0.1MPa后，保持罐内环境温度80℃以及环境压力0.1MPa的状态30分钟；然后以2.0℃/min的升温速率线性升温至130℃，同时增加罐内环境压力至0.3MPa，保持罐内环境温度130℃以及环境压力0.3MPa的状态90分钟；然后停止加热并释放罐内压力，待罐内温度冷却之后，取出固化好的复合材料层合板。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备权利要求1或2所述的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中所述的放入热压罐中固化过程为:保持密封袋内始终为真空状态，以2.0℃/min的速率进行线性升温，温度达到130℃时停止升温，然后在130℃的环境温度下保持2小时，对PMI泡沫进行干燥。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种制备权利要求1或2所述的单向碳纤维复合材料多级蜂窝结构的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤六中所述的模具热压工艺过程为:在130℃环境温度下进行加压固化，保持环境温度130℃且加压的状态下2小时后停止加热，待冷却之后得到成型的多级复合材料蜂窝结构。
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Inventor after: Wu Linzhi

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Application publication date: 20181116