CN108815220A - A method of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng - Google Patents
A method of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is the present invention relates to American Ginseng manufacture field, i.e., a kind of using fresh American Ginseng as the method for the black ginseng of Raw material processing.Its step are as follows：(1) after fresh American Ginseng washes, transepidermal water is drained.(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C.(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 56~60 hours.(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 50~60 DEG C in steamer.(5) cool down the American Ginseng for steaming and finishing, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to Han Shui≤12% when to take out be finished product.Using above-mentioned processing technology, the content of the rare saponin(e of the ginsengs such as ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 in American Ginseng can be improved to greatest extent, so that the original various ginseng saponins conversions of the fresh American Ginseng of raw material is converted into the rare monomer saponin of ginseng to greatest extent, and is able to maintain these rare glycosides and is not continuing to hydrolyze.The black ginseng effective component ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 of American Ginseng, ginsenoside Rg 5 etc. greatly improve than the effective component of traditional handicraft processing, and process stabilizing is high in machining efficiency, significant effect.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to American Ginseng manufacture field, i.e., a kind of using fresh American Ginseng as the method for the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng.
Background technique
In the prior art, black ginseng is the new varieties of current processing of Panax ginseng industry, includes raising with black join in black ginseng product
The active material of body immunity is such as：The characteristics of ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3, ginsenoside Rg 5 etc. are high, and it is better than sun-dried ginseng and red ginseng.
Fresh American Ginseng is logical without the rare saponin(e of ginsengs, the generations of above-mentioned rare ginsenoside such as ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3, ginsenoside Rgs 5
Cross the mailland reaction during black participation work（Heating reaction）And generate.However, the processing technology due to black ginseng is different, lead
The content that the rare glycosides such as ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3, ginsenoside Rg 5 in product is joined in blackening is irregular, and existing commercially available black ginseng produces
Product ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content is shown in Table 1.
Ginseng saponins Rg3 content table in the different black ginseng products of table 1
Traditional black ginseng processing is to steam nine processing methods exposed, the processing technology, long processing time, due to the work using nine
Skill is that segmentation steams, and time for causing temperature accumulation and temperature continuously to accumulate is insufficient, causes effective component in black ginseng not
Thorough or planned conversion；In addition there are also addition biological enzyme to carry out black participation work, and such method is due to being hot water bath, institute
It is lost in water with the effective component majority in ginseng, causes the effective component in ginseng extremely low.Also since steaming temperature is excessively high
（100 DEG C or more, and the time is longer）And cause part ginseng saponins ingredient excessively to hydrolyze and the processing technology that fails, it should
30% or more total Ginsenosides Content loss is shown in Table 6 before technique processing and after processing.
Current black ginseng processing, showing as processing method, time-consuming, generally differed at 100 hours~396 hours, and
Process is lengthy and tedious, and product quality is difficult to control, and the rare glycosides content such as ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 is extremely low, shows as：
1, steaming temperature changes sharply from high to low, and temperature difference span is big, and drying temperature is too low, and steaming temperature is too low close to dry temperature
Degree, too low temperature ginseng still locate softening stress-displacement stage, steam and adjust stringent with drying temperature, after steaming temperature improves at temperature
It is consistent with being difficult to pressure condition production product quality in saturated vapor；
2, some processes steaming temperature is in high pressure conditions, and steaming time is long, and the easily broken tripe of fresh ginseng influences black ginseng product appearance matter
Amount.
3, increase sunning link in traditional handicraft repeatedly, process is tedious, is difficult to operate, and is unfavorable for large-scale production；Part
The Product Process and addition biological enzyme of ultrasonic treatment carry out the black method for participating in work, and steaming temperature amplitude of variation is very big, product matter
Amount consistency is difficult to hold, and the product effective component after ultrasonic treatment stage or addition biological enzyme is substantially lost in aqueous medium
Or ultrasonication is difficult to play, while complicated for operation.
4, with the black ginseng product of prior art production through liquid phase analysis, ginseng saponins Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc,
F1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd etc. are not yet converted completely, and the effective component of black ginseng such as ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 content is extremely low.Alternatively,
Since steaming temperature is excessively high, ginseng saponins are excessively hydrolyzed, the rare saponin(e such as ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 and whole saponin(e
Content is too low, poor product quality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide a kind of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng in view of the above deficiencies
Method.Inventing the problem of solved is the completion black participation work of American Ginseng within the shortest time, and makes processed American Ginseng
Black ginseng effective component ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3, ginsenoside Rg 5 and corresponding rare ginsenoside are higher than commercially available black ginseng product, lead to
Crossing the technology of the present invention makes the fresh American Ginseng Central Plains of raw material have ginseng saponins to be totally converted or be converted into greatest extent rare ginseng
Monomer saponin.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows：A method of it is special using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng
Sign is that steps are as follows：
(1) after fresh American Ginseng washes, transepidermal water is drained.
(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C（It is saturated cyclic steam）.
(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 56~60 hours.
(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 50~60 DEG C in steamer.
(5) American Ginseng for steaming and finishing is cooled down（Non-scald on hand）, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to Han Shui≤12% when take out
As finished product.
Description of the process：
1,98~100 DEG C of temperature of ginseng is steamed：This temperature range is kept, the hydrolysis that can satisfy lasting ginsenoside monomer turns
Change；When temperature is more than 100 DEG C, unstable trend will be presented in the hydrolysis digit rate of ginseng saponins, and monomer saponin easily hydrolyzes
Excessively, cause the rare saponin(e yield of ginseng to be greatly lowered, be difficult to obtain stable and reproducible temperature and time, when temperature is low
When 98 DEG C, facile hydrolysis or hydrolysis are not thorough the initial saponin(e of ginseng, cause to have remained ginseng in the black ginseng product of final American Ginseng
The initial saponin(e of saponin(e, test data are shown in Table 2~6.
2, steaming time 56~60 hours：When continueing to 56~60 hours for 98~100 DEG C of temperature of steaming ginseng, the black ginseng of American Ginseng
In ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 content highest, if extending the time again, above-mentioned saponin(e is by continued hydrolysis, until hydrolysis is dangerous
To the greatest extent.We study and have compareed in detail 90~98 DEG C, 98~100 DEG C, 100~102 DEG C, the black ginseng of the American Ginseng of three temperature ranges
It steams as a result, also having investigated 98~100 DEG C simultaneously, sample steams the effective content of secondary glucoside after 56~60 hours, repetition test
As a result, it is determined that be by the optimised process of the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng of fresh American Ginseng：98~100 DEG C to steam 56~60 small
When, it is optimised process when 50~55 DEG C of dryings are to Han Shui≤12%, test data is shown in Table 2~6.
3, drying temperature：50~55 DEG C：Keeping drying temperature is 50~55 DEG C, it can be ensured that ginseng monomer soap in the black ginseng of American Ginseng
The rare glycosides such as glycosides Rg3, Rg5 no longer hydrolyzes, it is ensured that quality is stablized.
It is an advantage of the invention that：1, the present invention is realized completes the black participation work of American Ginseng within the shortest time, and makes added
The black ginseng effective component ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 of the American Ginseng of work, ginsenoside Rg 5 and corresponding rare saponin(e are higher than commercially available black ginseng and produce
Product or black ginseng product present invention under the premise of identical rare ginseng saponins are unanimous on the whole can shorten the processing of black ginseng
Period 100~300 hours.Technology makes the fresh American Ginseng Central Plains of raw material have ginseng saponins to be totally converted or maximum through the invention
Limit is converted into rare ginseng saponins.Steam ginseng temperature control makes processor convenient for grasping at 98~100 DEG C, and is saturated
Steam is controllable, is suitable for various equipment；It keeps steaming 98~100 DEG C of temperature of ginseng, steam 56~60 hours to mention to greatest extent
The content of the rare glycosides such as ginseng saponins Rg3, Rg5 in high American Ginseng；Drying temperature is easy to grasp unlikely for 50~55 DEG C
It, will not there is a phenomenon where rare saponin(es to hydrolyze again in being burned.Through detecting, the black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng of the present invention exists
6.7070~7.0121 mg/g.For 5 content of ginsenoside Rg in 6.4463~6.5221mg/g, rare glycosides conversion ratio is more black than commercially available
Ginseng product greatly improves.2, this method is simple, stablizes, is reliable, high in machining efficiency, obvious technical effects.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is total Ginsenosides Content measurement standard curve.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A method of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng, its step are as follows：
(1) by 500 grams of 5 years fresh American Ginsengs（Gradeless and uniformly-priced goods）After washing, transepidermal water is drained.
(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C.
(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 56 hours.
(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 52 DEG C in steamer.
(5) American Ginseng for steaming and finishing is cooled down（Non-scald on hand）, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to aqueous 11.70% when take
Out, finished product.
Through detecting, the black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng is 6.8835 mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is
6.5132mg/g。
Embodiment 2
A method of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng, its step are as follows：
(1) by 500 grams of 5 years fresh American Ginsengs（Gradeless and uniformly-priced goods）After washing, transepidermal water is drained.
(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C.
(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 58 hours.
(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 53 DEG C in steamer.
(5) American Ginseng for steaming and finishing is cooled down（Non-scald on hand）, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to aqueous 11.6% when take
Out, finished product.
Through detecting, the black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng is 6.7070mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is 6.5221
mg/g。
Embodiment 3
A method of using fresh American Ginseng as the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng, its step are as follows：
(1) by 500 grams of 5 years fresh American Ginsengs（Gradeless and uniformly-priced goods）After washing, transepidermal water is drained.
(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C.
(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 60 hours.
(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 52.5 DEG C in steamer.
(5) American Ginseng for steaming and finishing is cooled down（Non-scald on hand）, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to aqueous 11.3% when take
Out, finished product.
Through detecting, the black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng is 7.0121 mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is 6.4463
mg/g。
Experimental example 1
Using liquid chromatography (HPLC) test sample monomer saponin content（Analysis method sees appendix 1）
By the application method, 98~100 DEG C steaming time 55 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses are dry to aqueous 11.7% when system
The black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng obtained is 6.8835 mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is 6.5132mg/g.
98~100 DEG C steaming time 58 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to aqueous 11.6% when American Ginseng obtained
Black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content is 6.7070mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is 6.5221 mg/g.
By the application method, 98~100 DEG C steaming time 60 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses are dry to aqueous 11.3%
When the black ginseng ginseng sapoglycoside Rg 3 content of American Ginseng obtained be 7.0121 mg/g.5 content of ginsenoside Rg is 6.4463 mg/g.
Experimental example 2
Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry（UV）Test sample total saponin content（Analysis method sees appendix 1）
By the application method, by 90~98 DEG C steaming time 95 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to aqueous 11.8% when be made
The black ginseng total Ginsenosides Content of American Ginseng be 5.29%.
By the application method, 98~100 DEG C steaming time 95 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses are dry to aqueous 11.8%
When the black ginseng total Ginsenosides Content of American Ginseng obtained be 5.51%.
By the application method, 100~102 DEG C steaming time 95 hours, 50~55 DEG C of hothouses are dry to aqueous 11.8%
When the black ginseng total Ginsenosides Content of American Ginseng obtained be 3.77%.
Shown, due to prolonged high temperature, to cause ginseng total when steaming ginseng temperature is more than 100 DEG C by above-mentioned experiment conclusion
Saponin content substantially reduces, and corresponding ginseng saponins are also reduced therewith.
Experimental example 3
Different temperatures and different steaming time, the variation numerical value of ginseng saponins and total saposins is shown in Table 2~6 in fresh American Ginseng
2 90~98 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng of table steams different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | Rg1 | Re | Rf | Rb1 | Rc | F1 | Rb2 | Rb3 | Rd | F2 |
| 0 | 1.3516 | 3.2902 | - | 3.4946 | 1.8775 | - | 0.7145 | 0.0631 | 0.7635 | 0.1266 |
| 5 | 1.3313 | 2.8321 | - | 3.2356 | 1.7335 | - | 0.6212 | 0.1870 | 0.5906 | 0.1335 |
| 10 | 0.9158 | 2.5236 | - | 2.9787 | 0.9115 | - | 0.4316 | 0.3301 | 0.5433 | 0.1611 |
| 15 | 0.7822 | 2.1746 | - | 1.9168 | 0.8046 | - | 0.0948 | 0.1516 | 0.3839 | 0.2523 |
| 20 | 0.8022 | 1.7984 | - | 1.4653 | 0.6086 | - | 0.0846 | 0.0931 | 0.0918 | 0.1449 |
| 25 | 0.8191 | 0.8615 | - | 1.3271 | 0.4672 | - | 0.0691 | 0.0587 | - | 0.1326 |
| 30 | 0.6244 | 0.1622 | - | 1.6380 | 0.0921 | - | 0.0384 | 0.0744 | - | 0.0907 |
| 35 | 0.5216 | - | - | 1.6165 | - | - | 0.0151 | 0.0624 | - | 0.0716 |
| 40 | 0.3245 | - | - | 0.9185 | - | - | - | 0.0326 | - | 0.0981 |
| 45 | 0.0913 | - | - | 0.8492 | - | - | - | 0.0494 | - | 0.0524 |
| 50 | 0.0815 | - | - | 0.7654 | - | - | - | 0.0631 | - | 0.0419 |
| 55 | - | - | - | 0.1921 | - | - | - | 0.0977 | - | 0.0173 |
| 60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1544 | - | - |
| 65 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 80 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 90 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Table 2 continues 90~98 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng and steams different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | PPT | Rg3 | Rh2(s) | Rh2(R) | PPD | Rh1（S） | Rg2（S） | Rh1（R） | Rg2（R） | Rg5 |
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0419 | - |
| 10 | - | 0.1253 | - | - | - | 0.1540 | - | 0.1214 | 0.0981 | 0.1699 |
| 15 | - | 0.4371 | - | - | - | 0.2310 | - | 0.1624 | 0.0866 | 0.3482 |
| 20 | - | 0.6601 | - | - | - | 0.2211 | 0.0869 | 0.1544 | 0.0580 | 0.9489 |
| 25 | - | 1.0369 | - | 0.0915 | - | 0.2385 | 0.0911 | 0.0911 | 0.0546 | 1.1512 |
| 30 | - | 1.3541 | - | 0.1522 | 0.0288 | 0.1185 | 0.1503 | 0.1649 | 0.0815 | 1.8652 |
| 35 | - | 1.8332 | - | 0.1546 | 0.0263 | 0.2676 | 0.0923 | 0.1815 | 0.0478 | 2.4152 |
| 40 | - | 2.0711 | - | 0.1584 | 0.0319 | 0.2812 | 0.0545 | 0.1189 | 0.0994 | 3.1562 |
| 45 | - | 2.8164 | - | 0.1852 | 0.0245 | 0.2158 | 0.0516 | 0.1503 | 0.0761 | 4.1921 |
| 50 | - | 3.0270 | - | 0.1231 | 0.0349 | 0.2034 | 0.0915 | 0.0915 | 0.0822 | 4.8213 |
| 55 | - | 3.1005 | - | 0.1429 | 0.0264 | 0.2303 | 0.1624 | 0.0762 | 0.0633 | 5.1874 |
| 60 | - | 2.9991 | - | 0.1474 | 0.0269 | 0.1577 | 0.1673 | 0.2667 | 0.0748 | 5.0113 |
| 65 | - | 2.9609 | - | 0.1284 | 0.0384 | 0.2646 | 0.1649 | 0.0901 | 0.0641 | 4.7564 |
| 70 | - | 3.1262 | - | 0.1268 | 0.0294 | 0.1849 | 0.0467 | 0.0915 | 0.0620 | 5.0241 |
| 75 | - | 3.2839 | - | 0.1155 | 0.0161 | 0.0918 | 0.0164 | 0.0849 | 0.0613 | 4.8123 |
| 80 | - | 3.3054 | - | 0.0915 | 0.0114 | 0.1811 | 0.0366 | 0.0907 | 0.0485 | 4.5643 |
| 85 | - | 3.3625 | - | 0.0875 | 0.0147 | 0.1189 | 0.0742 | 0.0655 | 0.0586 | 4.6842 |
| 90 | - | 3.4837 | - | 0.0956 | 0.0141 | 0.1155 | 0.0946 | 0.0673 | 0.0431 | 4.5641 |
3 98~100 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng of table（Saturated vapor）Steam different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | Rg1 | Re | Rf | Rb1 | Rc | F1 | Rb2 | Rb3 | Rd | F2 |
| 0 | 1.5446 | 4.3215 | - | 3.9456 | 1.7765 | - | 0.5455 | 0.2310 | 1.1765 | 0.0626 |
| 5 | 1.4601 | 4.6548 | - | 3.3566 | 1.1335 | - | 0.2212 | 0.2761 | 1.1503 | 0.1455 |
| 10 | 1.4371 | 3.5226 | - | 2.7897 | 0.9156 | - | 0.0948 | 0.1684 | 0.0934 | 0.1516 |
| 15 | 0.8222 | 3.7466 | - | 2.9686 | 0.8426 | - | 0.0452 | 0.1166 | 0.0885 | 0.1523 |
| 20 | 0.7832 | 2.9864 | - | 2.6453 | 0.6836 | - | - | 0.0912 | - | 0.1454 |
| 25 | 0.0913 | 1.6615 | - | 2.2714 | 0.4712 | - | - | 0.0867 | - | 0.1183 |
| 30 | - | 0.9626 | - | 1.9860 | 0.0902 | - | - | 0.0743 | - | 0.1190 |
| 35 | - | - | - | 1.1655 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 40 | - | - | - | 0.9458 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 50 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 65 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 80 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 90 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Table 3 continues 98~100 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng（Saturated vapor）Steam different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | PPT | Rg3 | Rh2(s) | Rh2(R) | PPD | Rh1（S） | Rg2（S） | Rh1（R） | Rg2（R） | Rg5 |
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | - | 0.7416 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.1218 |
| 10 | - | 0.8464 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2161 | 0.0658 | 1.4746 |
| 15 | - | 1.7331 | - | - | - | 0.1690 | - | 0.2979 | 0.0839 | 2.7811 |
| 20 | - | 2.9616 | - | - | - | 0.2126 | 0.1088 | 0.3225 | 0.0721 | 2.8088 |
| 25 | - | 3.8369 | - | - | 0.0144 | 0.1462 | 0.1363 | 0.1613 | 0.0807 | 3.1658 |
| 30 | - | 4.6541 | - | - | 0.0243 | 0.1285 | 0.1391 | 0.1812 | 0.0734 | 3.9678 |
| 35 | - | 5.0122 | - | 0.2619 | 0.0295 | 0.1233 | 0.1542 | 0.1709 | 0.0819 | 4.8625 |
| 40 | - | 5.5711 | - | 0.1603 | 0.1182 | 0.1459 | 0.1459 | 0.2698 | 0.0935 | 4.8411 |
| 45 | - | 6.1614 | - | 0.1582 | 0.1614 | 0.1424 | 0.2654 | 0.1932 | 0.0911 | 5.1522 |
| 50 | - | 6.5210 | - | 0.4529 | 0.1154 | 0.1155 | 0.1293 | 0.2461 | 0.0302 | 5.7414 |
| 55 | - | 6.9385 | - | 0.2812 | 0.1239 | 0.3166 | 0.2344 | 0.1916 | 0.0336 | 6.4584 |
| 60 | - | 6.9991 | - | 0.2216 | 0.1270 | 0.1348 | 0.3294 | 0.2477 | 0.0367 | 6.3463 |
| 65 | - | 6.8909 | - | 0.2305 | 0.1222 | 0.2843 | 0.2161 | 0.1790 | 0.0226 | 5.9484 |
| 70 | - | 5.8222 | - | 0.2103 | 0.1312 | 0.3475 | 0.1144 | 0.2616 | 0.0384 | 5.8727 |
| 75 | - | 5.4983 | - | 0.3236 | 0.1216 | 0.2610 | 0.1447 | 0.1146 | 0.0341 | 5.8452 |
| 80 | - | 5.7724 | - | 0.3218 | 0.1285 | 0.2341 | 0.1491 | 0.1177 | 0.0349 | 4.9678 |
| 85 | - | 5.4246 | - | 0.3214 | 0.1291 | 0.2284 | 0.1826 | 0.1483 | 0.0384 | 4.5186 |
| 90 | - | 4.5837 | - | 0.2494 | 0.1368 | 0.1238 | 0.2954 | 0.1252 | 0.0219 | 4.1122 |
4 100~102 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng of table steams different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | Rg1 | Re | Rf | Rb1 | Rc | F1 | Rb2 | Rb3 | Rd | F2 |
| 0 | 1.5364 | 3.2002 | - | 3.4546 | 1.7975 | - | - | 0.0931 | 1.0755 | 0.1126 |
| 5 | 1.4655 | 2.3251 | - | 3.2565 | 0.9325 | - | - | 0.1720 | 0.9018 | 0.1035 |
| 10 | 0.8620 | 2.2365 | - | 2.7874 | - | - | - | 0.2315 | - | 0.0861 |
| 15 | 0.7028 | 1.6144 | - | 1.1638 | - | - | - | 0.1169 | - | 0.0552 |
| 20 | 0.3345 | 0.9482 | - | 0.7645 | - | - | - | 0.0431 | - | 0.0444 |
| 25 | - | 0.4269 | - | 0.5945 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0183 |
| 30 | - | - | - | 0.3211 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 50 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 65 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 80 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -- | - |
| 90 | - | - | - | -- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Table 4 continues 100~102 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng and steams different time content of ginsenoside table (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | PPT | Rg3 | Rh2(s) | Rh2(R) | PPD | Rh1（S） | Rg2（S） | Rh1（R） | Rg2（R） | Rg5 |
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | - | 0.9426 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.1802 |
| 10 | - | 1.1844 | - | - | - | 0.1790 | - | - | 0.1384 | 2.1612 |
| 15 | - | 2.1222 | - | - | - | 0.1146 | - | 0.0182 | 0.1341 | 3.4455 |
| 20 | - | 3.2601 | - | - | - | 0.1177 | 0.0161 | 0.0164 | 0.1349 | 3.5198 |
| 25 | - | 3.9991 | - | - | - | 0.1252 | 0.0141 | 0.0154 | 0.1219 | 3.8671 |
| 30 | - | 4.8746 | - | - | 0.0149 | 0.1483 | 0.0495 | 0.0233 | 0.2294 | 4.4211 |
| 35 | - | 5.1668 | - | - | 0.0148 | 0.1613 | 0.0114 | 0.0215 | 0.1658 | 4.6584 |
| 40 | - | 5.5071 | - | 0.1603 | 0.0284 | 0.1709 | 0.0147 | 0.0394 | 0.1839 | 4.3061 |
| 45 | - | 5.6541 | - | 0.2216 | 0.0144 | 0.1812 | 0.0319 | 0.0645 | 0.1721 | 5.5274 |
| 50 | - | 4.9820 | - | 0.2619 | 0.0155 | 0.2161 | 0.0245 | 0.0825 | 0.1935 | 5.2936 |
| 55 | - | 4.6805 | - | 0.1582 | 0.0185 | 0.1916 | 0.0688 | 0.0911 | 0.1911 | 5.5345 |
| 60 | - | 4.2132 | - | 0.3475 | 0.1462 | 0.2477 | 0.0549 | 0.0706 | 0.2367 | 5.0789 |
| 65 | - | 3.8909 | - | 0.2103 | 0.1843 | 0.2698 | 0.0384 | 0.1122 | 0.2226 | 4.7126 |
| 70 | - | 3.8369 | - | 0.3236 | 0.0209 | 0.2616 | 0.0663 | 0.2126 | 0.3302 | 4.2714 |
| 75 | - | 3.4938 | - | 0.4529 | 0.0195 | 0.2979 | 0.0564 | 0.3690 | 0.2336 | 4.5869 |
| 80 | - | 3.2774 | - | 0.3218 | 0.0155 | 0.3225 | 0.0269 | 0.3166 | 0.1819 | 4.8011 |
| 85 | - | 3.4731 | - | 0.2812 | 0.0149 | 0.2461 | 0.0918 | 0.1192 | 0.0934 | 3.6343 |
| 90 | - | 3.5037 | - | 0.2305 | 0.0128 | 0.1932 | 0.0294 | 0.1368 | 0.0807 | 3.5775 |
5 98~100 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng of table（Saturated vapor）Steam 56~64 hours content of ginsenoside tables (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | Rg1 | Re | Rf | Rb1 | Rc | F1 | Rb2 | Rb3 | Rd | F2 |
| 56 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 57 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 58 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 59 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 60 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 61 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 62 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.4584 |
| 63 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.3463 |
| 64 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.9484 |
Table 5 continues 98~100 DEG C of fresh American Ginseng（Saturated vapor）Steam 56~64 hours content of ginsenoside tables (mg/g)
| Time (hour) | PPT | Rg3 | Rh2(s) | Rh2(R) | PPD | Rh1（S） | Rg2（S） | Rh1（R） | Rg2（R） | Rg5 |
| 56 | - | 6.8835 | - | 0.2820 | 0.1262 | 0.3016 | 0.2214 | 0.1966 | 0.0363 | 6.5132 |
| 57 | - | 6.8680 | - | 0.2788 | 0.1241 | 0.2798 | 0.2417 | 0.2147 | 0.0347 | 6.4849 |
| 58 | - | 6.7070 | - | 0.2346 | 0.1260 | 0.2659 | 0.2749 | 0.2041 | 0.0374 | 6.5221 |
| 59 | - | 6.7951 | - | 0.2455 | 0.1254 | 0.2146 | 0.2946 | 0.2374 | 0.0315 | 6.6001 |
| 60 | - | 7.0121 | - | 0.2201 | 0.1245 | 0.1366 | 0.3281 | 0.2464 | 0.0342 | 6.4463 |
| 61 | - | 6.9453 | - | 0.2424 | 0.1238 | 0.1743 | 0.2745 | 0.2741 | 0.0371 | 6.1232 |
| 62 | - | 6.9742 | - | 0.2360 | 0.1246 | 0.1494 | 0.2653 | 0.1749 | 0.0391 | 6.0724 |
| 63 | - | 6.8906 | - | 0.2344 | 0.1222 | 0.2414 | 0.2149 | 0.1967 | 0.2471 | 6.1101 |
| 64 | - | 6.9191 | - | 0.2365 | 0.1203 | 0.2433 | 0.2311 | 0.1902 | 0.0262 | 6.0241 |
The different steaming temperatures of table 6, the fresh American ginseng total saponins of steaming time change table（%）
Attachment 1
Black ginseng saponin content measurement
1, the preparation of reference substance solution
Precision weighs ginsenoside Re reference substance 10.06mg, sets in 10mL volumetric flask, and adding methanol in right amount makes to dissolve and be diluted to quarter
Degree, shakes up, as the reference substance solution of general ginsenoside measurement.
Precision weighs Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, F1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, F2, PPT, Rg3（S）,Rh2（R）,Rh2（S）,
PPD reference substance is appropriate, and Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, F1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, F2, PPT, Rg3 is made（S）,Rh2（R）,Rh2（S）,
PPD reference substance concentration is respectively 0.1185,0.1290,0.1090,0.1160,0.1580,0.1160,0.1070,0.1345,
0.1055, the mixed reference substance solution of 0.1060,0.1065,0.1100,0.1670,0.1780,0.1010 mg/mL.
Precision weighs Rg2（R）,Rg2（S）,Rh1（R）,Rh1（S）Rg2 is made in appropriate reference substance（R）,Rg2（S）,Rh1
（R）,Rh1（S）Reference substance concentration is respectively the hybrid standard product solution of 0.1265,0.1780,0.1070,0.1180 mg/mL.
Precision weighs Rg5 reference substance 5.05mg, sets in 10mL volumetric flask, and adding methanol in right amount makes to dissolve and be diluted to scale,
It shakes up, as Rg5 reference substance solution.
, test solution preparation
Ginseng Root Powder 2.0g is taken, 40mL is added（20 times of amounts）75% ethyl alcohol is heated to reflux 2h（About 88 DEG C of Extracting temperature）, repeat to extract 3
Secondary, filtrate is divided into two parts, is evaporated respectively by merging filtrate.It is a：Residue adds 20mL water to dissolve and shift to set separatory funnel
In, then plus 20mL extracting n-butyl alcohol 5 times, merge butanol extraction liquid, be evaporated.Residue adds methanol to dissolve and is transferred to 5mL capacity
In bottle, adds methanol dilution to scale, shake up, filter, take subsequent filtrate, as ginseng saponins test sample.Another：Residue
Add methanol to dissolve and be transferred in 25mL volumetric flask, adds methanol dilution to scale, being ultrasonically treated 30min dissolves it sufficiently, shakes
It is even, as general ginsenoside test sample.
, total Ginsenosides Content measurement
The preparation of 3.1 solution
8% vanillic aldehyde ethyl alcohol test solution：Take vanillic aldehyde 0.8g, add dehydrated alcohol make to be dissolved into 10mL to get.
72% sulfuric acid solution：Sulfuric acid 72mL is taken, is slowly injected in suitable quantity of water, is cooled to room temperature, is diluted with water to 100mL, shake
It is even to get.
The production of 3.2 standard curves
Precision draws 20 μ L of ginsenoside Re's reference substance, 30 μ L, 40 μ L, 50 μ L, 60 μ L, 70 μ L, 80 μ L, 90 μ L, sets ground band
It fills in test tube, after water bath method methanol, 8% vanillic aldehyde ethyl alcohol test solution 0.5mL, 72% sulfuric acid solution 5mL is added, shake well mixes
10min is heated in 60 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control of postposition, immediately with the cooling 10min of ice-water bath, is shaken up.Blank is done with reagent, according to light splitting
Photometry measures absorbance respectively at 544nm wavelength, draws concentration absorption curve, does regression equation, see Fig. 1.
The measurement of 3.3 samples
Precision draws 20 μ L of test solution, sets in plug test tube, and after being evaporated methanol, 8% vanillic aldehyde ethyl alcohol test solution is added
0.5mL, 72% sulfuric acid solution 5mL, shake well mixes hot 10min in 60 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control of postposition, cooling with ice-water bath immediately
10min shakes up.Blank is done with reagent, absorbance is measured respectively at 544nm wavelength according to spectrophotometry, by standard curve
Calculate the content of general ginsenoside in sample to be tested.
, ginseng saponins assay
4.1 ginseng saponins Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, F1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, F2, PPT, Rg3（S）,Rh2（R）,Rh2
（S）, PPD assay
Chromatographic condition：
Column temperature：40℃；Flow velocity：1mL/min；Detection wavelength：203nm；Sample volume：5uL
| The mobile phase time | Acetonitrile | Water | The mobile phase time | Acetonitrile | Water |
| 0 | 19 | 81 | 200 | 46 | 54 |
| 30 | 19 | 81 | 210 | 70 | 30 |
| 35 | 24 | 76 | 230 | 70 | 30 |
| 40 | 24 | 76 | 231 | 90 | 10 |
| 55 | 28 | 72 | 255 | 90 | 10 |
| 110 | 29 | 71 | 258 | 19 | 81 |
| 130 | 33 | 67 | 270 | 19 | 81 |
| 150 | 44 | 56 |
4.2 ginseng saponins Rg2（R）,Rg2（S）,Rh1（R）,Rh1（S）Assay
Chromatographic condition：
Column temperature：40℃；Flow velocity：1mL/min；Detection wavelength：203nm；Sample volume：20uL
| The mobile phase time | Acetonitrile | Water |
| 0 | 22 | 78 |
| 160 | 22 | 78 |
| 162 | 90 | 10 |
| 185 | 90 | 10 |
| 188 | 22 | 78 |
| 200 | 22 | 78 |
The assay of 4.3 ginseng saponins Rg5
Chromatographic condition：
Column temperature：40℃；Flow velocity：1mL/min；Detection wavelength：203nm；Sample volume：10uL
| The mobile phase time | Acetonitrile | Water |
| 0 | 49 | 51 |
| 35 | 49 | 51 |
| 36 | 90 | 10 |
| 66 | 90 | 10 |
| 68 | 49 | 51 |
| 80 | 49 | 51 |
4.4 calculation formula
Content=SSample*CMark/SMark*5 。
It is described above, only a specific embodiment of the invention, it is various to illustrate not content structure for the essence of the present invention
At limitation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of using fresh American Ginseng as the method for the black ginseng of Raw material processing American Ginseng, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
(1) after fresh American Ginseng washes, transepidermal water is drained；
(2) it sets in steamer and is heated to 98~100 DEG C；
(3) it is kept for 98~100 DEG C of steamer temperature to steam 56~60 hours；
(4) steam source is cut off, opens steamer when temperature is down to 50~60 DEG C in steamer；
(5) cool down the American Ginseng for steaming and finishing, set 50~55 DEG C of hothouses it is dry to Han Shui≤12% when to take out be finished product.
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| CN114159484A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-11 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Preparation process and application of American ginseng and black ginseng |
| CN116808089A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-29 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | American ginseng processing method based on steam explosion process |
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| WO2008075866A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | Yong Jin Park | A composition comprising the processed extract of panax quinquefolium l. for the prevention and treatment of cancer |
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| WO2008075866A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-26 | Yong Jin Park | A composition comprising the processed extract of panax quinquefolium l. for the prevention and treatment of cancer |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114159484A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-11 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Preparation process and application of American ginseng and black ginseng |
| CN114159484B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-12-16 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Preparation process and application of American ginseng and black ginseng |
| CN116808089A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-29 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | American ginseng processing method based on steam explosion process |
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