CN108809282B - Direct current switch circuit - Google Patents
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- CN108809282B CN108809282B CN201810548080.2A CN201810548080A CN108809282B CN 108809282 B CN108809282 B CN 108809282B CN 201810548080 A CN201810548080 A CN 201810548080A CN 108809282 B CN108809282 B CN 108809282B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current switch circuit, which comprises a direct current input end, an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism, a control mechanism, an auxiliary power supply mechanism, a driving mechanism, a switch mechanism and a direct current output end, wherein the overvoltage protection mechanism is connected with the direct current input end; the invention effectively improves the environmental adaptability of the direct current switch circuit, so that the direct current switch circuit can still normally work in the occasions with complex working conditions, especially high vibration impact strength, is beneficial to reducing the use risk of the post-stage equipment and improving the system safety; the protection circuit has the advantages that a perfect protection function is provided, the response speed and the control precision of the protection function are improved, the protection circuit can be upgraded through simple hardware circuit adjustment, software sampling and control links are omitted, the complexity of a circuit design and control method is reduced, and the development cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of switch circuits, relates to a direct-current switch circuit, and particularly relates to a direct-current switch circuit.
Background
The direct current switch circuit is used as a load circuit for switching off and on, is widely applied in the fields of production, life, national defense, military industry and the like, and the research on the direct current switch circuit keeps a strong development situation. With the complication of the use condition of the dc switch circuit and the diversification of the load devices, the overcurrent capability, the protection function, the remote intelligent control function, the standby loss, the environmental adaptability, the reliability, the service life and the like become important issues to be considered in the design of the dc switch circuit.
Currently, dc switch circuits are mainly mechanical and electromagnetic, and are developed in the electronic direction. The mechanical direct current switch circuit realizes the switching function by controlling the on-off between the contacts through an operating mechanism, and the operating mechanism and the switching mechanism are mechanical. The electromagnetic direct current switch circuit realizes the switch function by controlling the on-off between contacts through an electromagnetic fusion operating mechanism, the operating mechanism is in an electromagnetic fusion mode, and the switch mechanism is still in a mechanical mode. The electronic direct current switch circuit controls the on-off of the power switch through a control circuit of the electronic direct current switch circuit to realize a switching function, and a control mechanism and a switching mechanism of the electronic direct current switch circuit are both electronic.
The mechanical direct current switch circuit and the electromagnetic direct current switch circuit realize the switch function by controlling the on-off between the contacts, and the technical defects are mainly shown as follows: the environment adaptability and reliability are poor, the phenomenon of mistaken on-off between contacts is easy to occur on occasions with high vibration impact strength, the use risk of the rear-stage electric equipment is increased, and the safety of the system is reduced; the tripper is complex in design and greatly influenced by temperature; the protection function is single, only has single protection functions such as overcurrent, short circuit and undervoltage, even has no protection function, the action delay of the protection function is obvious, the real-time performance is not strong, and the influence of temperature is large; the on-off control between the contacts can be realized only by directly operating the body without the functions of remote control and intelligent control expansion, and the functions of remote control and intelligent control expansion of a direct-current switch circuit cannot be realized; due to the existence of switching arcs, the generated arcs are easy to damage contacts, the fault current cut-off time is relatively long, and real-time flexible and quick action cannot be realized; an arc extinguishing system is needed, the volume and the weight are large, and the service life is short.
Although environmental adaptability of the current electronic direct current switch circuit is improved to a certain extent compared with a mechanical direct current switch circuit and an electromagnetic direct current switch circuit, the circuit and the control mode still follow the control mode of the mechanical direct current switch circuit and the electromagnetic direct current switch circuit, only a detection circuit part is improved, but standby loss is obvious, overcurrent capacity and protection function are not perfect, and expandability needs to be improved. To solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, a solution is now provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct current switch circuit.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a direct current switch circuit comprises a direct current input end, an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism, a control mechanism, an auxiliary power supply mechanism, a driving mechanism, a switch mechanism and a direct current output end; the direct current input end is electrically connected with an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism and a switch mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism is electrically connected with an auxiliary power supply mechanism, the control mechanism is electrically connected with the auxiliary power supply mechanism, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is electrically connected with a short-circuit protection mechanism and an overcurrent protection mechanism, the short-circuit protection mechanism is electrically connected with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is electrically connected with the switch mechanism, the switch mechanism is electrically connected with a direct current output end, the short-circuit protection mechanism and the overcurrent protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism is electrically connected between the driving mechanism and the short-circuit protection mechanism, and the overcurrent protection mechanism is electrically connected with the driving mechanism;
the direct current switch circuit is further provided with a first wiring port P1, a second wiring port P2, a third wiring port P3 and a fourth wiring port P4, and the first wiring port P1, the second wiring port P2, the third wiring port P3 and the fourth wiring port P4 are external interfaces of the direct current switch circuit and used for external wiring of the direct current switch circuit.
Furthermore, the overvoltage protection mechanism is used for input overvoltage protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the undervoltage protection mechanism is used for input undervoltage protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the reverse connection protection mechanism is used for input reverse connection protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the overcurrent protection mechanism is used for output overcurrent protection of the direct-current switch circuit, and the short-circuit protection mechanism is used for output short-circuit protection of the direct-current switch circuit;
the control mechanism is used for work start-stop control, remote control function expansion and intelligent control function expansion of the direct current switch circuit, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is used for power supply of an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism and a driving mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, the driving mechanism is used for on-off control of the switch mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, and the switch mechanism is used for providing a channel for on-off between an input anode and an output anode of the direct current switch circuit.
Further, the overvoltage protection mechanism comprises a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6, an eleventh resistor R11, a third capacitor C3, a fifth voltage reference power supply V5, a fourth voltage reference power supply V4, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2; the sixth resistor R6 is connected in series with an eleventh resistor R11, the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11 which are connected in series, the eleventh resistor R11 is connected in parallel with a third capacitor C3, the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 is electrically connected between the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11, and the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is connected in series with the fifth voltage reference power supply V5.
Further, the undervoltage protection mechanism comprises a first capacitor C1, a seventh resistor R7, a twelfth resistor R12, a fourth capacitor C4, a fourth voltage reference power supply V4, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2;
the seventh resistor R7 and the twelfth resistor R12 are connected in series, and the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the seventh resistor R7 and the twelfth resistor R12 which are connected in series; a fourth capacitor C4 is further connected in parallel to the twelfth resistor R12, a fourth reference power source V4 is further connected in parallel to the fourth capacitor C4, the fourth reference power source V4 is connected in series with a second photoelectric coupler E2, the second photoelectric coupler E2 is connected in series with a tenth resistor R10, and the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected with VCC 2;
the reverse connection protection mechanism is a sixth diode V6, and the sixth diode V6 is connected with the first capacitor C1 in parallel.
Further, the overcurrent protection mechanism comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a first linear hall sensor T1, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a seventeenth resistor R17, a nineteenth resistor R19, a sixteenth resistor R16, a twenty-first resistor R21, a first operational amplifier N1, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a fourteenth capacitor C14, an eighteenth resistor R18, a twentieth resistor R20, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a tenth voltage reference power supply V10, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2;
the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected in parallel with the first linear hall sensor T1, the overcurrent protection mechanism is further provided with a power supply terminal VCC2 and a ground terminal GND2, the power supply terminal VCC2 is connected to a VCC interface of the first linear hall sensor T1, and the ground terminal GND2 is connected to a GND interface of the first linear hall sensor T1; the OUT interface of the first linear Hall sensor T1 is connected with a seventeenth resistor R17 in series, the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected between the OUT interface of the first linear Hall sensor T1 and the seventeenth resistor R17 in series, and the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected with a ground end GND 2;
the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1, a sixteenth resistor R16 is further electrically connected between the seventeenth resistor R17 and the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1, the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to a ground terminal GND2, the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1 is further electrically connected to a nineteenth resistor R19, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the ground terminal GND2, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier N1 is further electrically connected to an eighteenth resistor R18, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected in series to a twentieth resistor R20, the other end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the ground terminal GND2, a seventeenth capacitor C17 is further connected in parallel to the twentieth resistor R20, and a tenth voltage reference power supply V10 is further connected to the seventeenth capacitor C17 in parallel; the tenth resistor R10 and the second photocoupler E2 are connected in series, and the tenth voltage reference power source V10 is electrically connected between the tenth resistor R10 and the second photocoupler E2;
a twenty-first resistor R21 is connected in parallel to the inverting input end and the output end of the first operational amplifier N1, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and a fourteenth capacitor C14 are also connected in parallel to the first operational amplifier N1, one end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to VCC2, and the other end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to a ground terminal GND 2.
Further, the short-circuit protection mechanism comprises a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a first diode V1, a second capacitor C2, a third voltage reference power source V3, a first photocoupler E1, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2;
the first diode V1 is connected in series with an eighth resistor R8 and a ninth resistor R9 in a primary manner, a second resistor R2 is further electrically connected between the first diode V1 and the eighth resistor R8, a second capacitor C2 is further connected in parallel to the ninth resistor R9, the second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with a third voltage reference power supply V3, the third voltage reference power supply V3 is electrically connected with a first photocoupler E1, a first resistor R1 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, the first resistor R1 is electrically connected with a VCC1, a fifth resistor R5 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, a second photocoupler E2 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, and the second photocoupler E2 is electrically connected with a tenth resistor R10.
Further, the control mechanism is a first switch K1; the auxiliary power supply mechanism comprises a ninth capacitor C9, a sixth diode V6, a seventh voltage regulator tube V7, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a ninth voltage regulator tube V9, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a twelfth capacitor C12, a second triode Q2, a second module power supply U2, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a first voltage regulator U1, an eighth Schottky diode V8, a first inductor L1, a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth capacitor C6;
the ninth capacitor C9 is sequentially connected in series with a sixth diode V6 and a seventh voltage regulator V7, the seventh voltage regulator V7 is also connected in parallel with a tenth capacitor C10, the tenth capacitor C10 is also connected in parallel with an eleventh capacitor C11, the eleventh capacitor C11 is also connected in parallel with a first switch K1 and a ninth voltage regulator V9 which are connected in series, the ninth voltage regulator V9 is connected in series with a fourteenth resistor R14, and the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected in series with a twelfth capacitor C12 and a fifteenth resistor R15 which are connected in parallel; the second triode Q2 is connected between a fourteenth resistor R14 and a twelfth capacitor C12 and a fifteenth resistor R15 which are connected in parallel, the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with a thirteenth resistor R13, the thirteenth resistor R13 is also connected with a second module power supply U2 in parallel, the front end of the second module power supply U2 is connected with a seventh capacitor C7 in parallel, the front end of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected with an eighth capacitor C8 in parallel, one end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected with a VCC1, and the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected with a GND 1;
the + IN port of the second module power supply U2 is further connected with the Vin port of the first module power supply U1, the GND port of the first module power supply U1 is grounded, the Vo port of the first module power supply U1 is connected with an eighth Schottky diode V8, one end of a first inductor L1 is connected to the FB port of the first module power supply U1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected between the Vo port and the eighth Schottky diode V8, a fifth capacitor C5 is further connected IN parallel to the first inductor L1 and the eighth Schottky diode V8 which are connected IN series, a sixth capacitor C6 is further connected IN parallel to the fifth capacitor C5, one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected with a VCC2, and the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is electrically connected with a fourth connection port P4;
the input of the second module power supply U2 is isolated from the output.
Further, the driving mechanism comprises a second photocoupler E2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a second voltage regulator tube V2; the second photoelectric coupler E2 is electrically connected with a third resistor R3, the third resistor R3 is connected with a second voltage-regulator tube V2 in series, and the second voltage-regulator tube V2 is connected with a fourth resistor R4 in parallel;
the switching mechanism is a first MOS power switch tube Q1, the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the first MOS power switch tube Q1 in parallel, one end of the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is electrically connected with a GND1, and the GND1 is electrically connected with a third connection port P3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention effectively improves the environmental adaptability of the direct current switch circuit, so that the direct current switch circuit can still normally work in the occasions with complex working conditions, especially high vibration impact strength, is beneficial to reducing the use risk of the post-stage equipment and improving the system safety; the protection circuit has the advantages that a complete protection function is provided, the response speed and the control precision of the protection function are improved, the protection circuit can be upgraded through simple hardware circuit adjustment, software sampling and control links are omitted, the complexity of a circuit design and control method is reduced, and the development cost is reduced; an external control expansion interface is arranged, so that the possibility of remote control and intelligent control function expansion of the direct-current switch circuit is provided; the standby loss of the direct current switch circuit is reduced through a standby dormancy mode; the mechanical contact of the traditional direct current switch is eliminated, the switch electric arc is eliminated, the arc extinguishing system is eliminated, the volume and the weight of the direct current switch circuit are effectively reduced, and the service life and the reliability of the direct current switch circuit are improved.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system connections of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a dc switch circuit includes a dc input terminal, an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism, a control mechanism, an auxiliary power supply mechanism, a driving mechanism, a switch mechanism, and a dc output terminal; the direct current input end is electrically connected with an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism and a switch mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism is electrically connected with an auxiliary power supply mechanism, the control mechanism is electrically connected with the auxiliary power supply mechanism, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is electrically connected with a short-circuit protection mechanism and an overcurrent protection mechanism, the short-circuit protection mechanism is electrically connected with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is electrically connected with the switch mechanism, the switch mechanism is electrically connected with a direct current output end, the short-circuit protection mechanism and the overcurrent protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism is electrically connected between the driving mechanism and the short-circuit protection mechanism, and the overcurrent protection mechanism is electrically connected with the driving mechanism;
wherein, the overvoltage protection mechanism is used for the input overvoltage protection of the DC switch circuit, the undervoltage protection mechanism is used for the input undervoltage protection of the DC switch circuit, the reverse connection protection mechanism is used for the input reverse connection protection of the DC switch circuit, the overcurrent protection mechanism is used for the output overcurrent protection of the DC switch circuit, the short-circuit protection mechanism is used for the output short-circuit protection of the DC switch circuit, the control mechanism is used for the work start-stop control, the remote control function expansion and the intelligent control function expansion of the DC switch circuit, the auxiliary power mechanism is used for the overvoltage protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism, the overcurrent protection mechanism, the short-circuit protection mechanism and the driving mechanism of the DC switch circuit to supply power, the driving mechanism is used for the on-off control of the switch mechanism of the DC switch circuit, the switch mechanism is used for providing a channel for the on-off of the input anode and the output anode of the direct current switch circuit;
the first wiring port P1, the second wiring port P2, the third wiring port P3 and the fourth wiring port P4 are external interfaces of the dc switch circuit for external wiring of the dc switch circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the overvoltage protection mechanism includes a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6, an eleventh resistor R11, a third capacitor C3, a fifth voltage reference power source V5, a fourth voltage reference power source V4, a tenth resistor R10, and a second photocoupler E2; the sixth resistor R6 is connected in series with an eleventh resistor R11, the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11 which are connected in series, the eleventh resistor R11 is connected in parallel with a third capacitor C3, the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 is electrically connected between the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11, and the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is connected in series with a fifth voltage reference power supply V5;
the undervoltage protection mechanism comprises a first capacitor C1, a seventh resistor R7, a twelfth resistor R12, a fourth capacitor C4, a fourth voltage reference power supply V4, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photoelectric coupler E2;
the reverse connection protection mechanism is a sixth diode V6;
the over-current protection mechanism comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a first linear Hall sensor T1, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a seventeenth resistor R17, a nineteenth resistor R19, a sixteenth resistor R16, a twenty-first resistor R21, a first operational amplifier N1, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a fourteenth capacitor C14, an eighteenth resistor R18, a twentieth resistor R20, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a tenth voltage reference power supply V10, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photoelectric coupler E2;
the short-circuit protection mechanism comprises a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a first diode V1, a second capacitor C2, a third voltage reference power supply V3, a first photoelectric coupler E1, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photoelectric coupler E2;
the control mechanism is a first switch K1;
the auxiliary power supply mechanism comprises a ninth capacitor C9, a sixth diode V6, a seventh voltage regulator tube V7, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a ninth voltage regulator tube V9, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a twelfth capacitor C12, a second triode Q2, a second module power supply U2, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a first voltage regulator U1, an eighth Schottky diode V8, a first inductor L1, a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth capacitor C6, wherein the input and the output of the second module power supply U2 are isolated;
the driving mechanism comprises a second photoelectric coupler E2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a second voltage regulator tube V2;
the switching mechanism is a first MOS power switch tube Q1.
When the voltage of the pin 1 to pin 3 of the third, fourth, fifth and tenth voltage reference supplies V3, V4, V5 and V10 reaches the voltage reference of 2.5V, the cathode (pin 2) to anode (pin 3) are turned on.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the operating mechanism and control method of the overvoltage protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism, the overcurrent protection mechanism and the short-circuit protection mechanism in the dc switch circuit are as follows:
when the dc input voltage of the dc switch circuit increases gradually from the rated value, the reference voltage divided by the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11 reaches pin 1 of the fifth voltage reference power supply V5, and when the voltage value of pin 1 to pin 3 of the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 reaches the voltage reference of 2.5V, pin 2 and pin 3 of the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 are turned on, the potential of pin 2 of the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 is pulled low, and the potential of pin 1 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is also pulled low, so the voltage of pin 1 to pin 3 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is lower than the voltage reference of 2.5V, so that pin 2 and pin 3 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 are turned off, and then the potential of pin 2 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is raised, pin 3 and pin 4 of the second photocoupler E2 is turned off, the driving signal disappears, the first MOS power switch Q1 turns off, and the overvoltage protection is performed. The overvoltage protection value of the direct current switch circuit is set according to equation (1).
When the direct current input voltage of the direct current switch circuit is gradually reduced from a rated value, the reference voltage divided by the seventh resistor R7 and the twelfth resistor R12 is sent to the pin 1 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4, when the voltage value of the pin 1 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 to the pin 3 is lower than the voltage reference of 2.5V, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 are turned off, the pin 2 of the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is raised, the pin 3 and the pin 4 of the second photoelectric coupler E2 are turned off, the driving signal disappears, the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is turned off, and the undervoltage protection action is carried out. The undervoltage protection value of the dc switching circuit is set according to equation (2).
When the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current input of the direct current switch circuit are connected reversely, the sixth diode V6 bears reverse-phase voltage, the auxiliary power supply mechanism does not work, the potential of VCC1 to GND1 is 0, the driving signal disappears, the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is turned off, and reverse connection protection acts. The overvoltage protection capability of the dc switching circuit depends on the sixth diode V6.
When the direct current switch circuit works normally and has no protection phenomenon, the current flowing through the output end of the direct current switch circuit changes along with the change of the load. When the load of the direct current switch circuit is continuously increased, the first linear hall sensor T1 samples the output current of the direct current switch circuit, and converts the current signal into a voltage signal, when the voltage signal is processed by the post-stage sampling signal conditioning circuit, the voltage signal is sent to pin 1 of the tenth voltage reference power supply V10, when the voltage value of pin 1 to pin 3 of the tenth voltage reference power supply V10 reaches 2.5V voltage reference, pin 2 and pin 3 of the tenth voltage reference power supply V10 are turned on, the pin 2 potential of the tenth voltage reference power supply V10 is pulled low, and the pin 1 potential of the second photocoupler E2 is pulled low, so that pin 3 and pin 4 of the second photocoupler E2 are turned off, the driving signal disappears, the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is turned off, and the overcurrent protection acts. When overcurrent protection is performed, an overcurrent protection value is set to Io, the output voltage of the first linear hall sensor T1 from pin 3 to pin 2 is set to U1, and if the sampling coefficient is G, Io is GU 1. The ratio of a sixteenth resistor R16 to a seventeenth resistor R17 in the overcurrent protection mechanism is the same as the ratio of a twenty-first resistor R21 to a nineteenth resistor R19, namely, the sixteenth resistor R16, the seventeenth resistor R17, the twenty-first resistor R21, the nineteenth resistor R19 and the first operational amplifier N1 form a differential amplification circuit. The overcurrent protection value of the dc switch circuit is set according to equation (3).
When the direct current switch circuit works normally and has no protection phenomenon, the pins 2 and 3 of the first MOS power switch Q1 are conducted, the flowing current changes with the change of the load, and the conduction voltage drop between the pins 2 and 3 of the first MOS power switch Q1 changes with the change of the current. When the output of the direct current switch circuit is short-circuited, the current flowing through the pins 2 and 3 of the first MOS power switch tube Q1 sharply increases, the conduction voltage drop between the pins 2 and 3 of the first MOS power switch tube Q1 sharply increases, the potential of the pin 2 to 3 of the first MOS power switch tube Q1 sharply increases, the pin 1 potential of the third voltage reference power supply V3 is raised, when the pin 1 to 3 voltage value of the third voltage reference power supply V3 reaches the voltage reference of 2.5V, the pin 2 and the pin 3 of the third voltage reference power supply V3 are conducted, the pin 2 potential of the first photocoupler E1 is pulled low, the pin 3 and the pin 4 of the first photocoupler E1 are conducted, the pin 3 potential of the first photocoupler E1 is raised, the pin 2 potential of the second photocoupler E2 is raised, so that the pin 3 and the pin 4 of the second photocoupler E2 are turned off, the driving signal disappears, and the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is turned off, and (4) short-circuit protection action. During the short-circuit protection operation, the short-circuit protection current value is set to I1, the on-resistance of the first MOS power switch Q1 is set to Ron, and the on-voltage drop of the first diode V1 is set to U2. The short-circuit protection current value of the dc switch circuit is set according to equation (4).
The key point of the invention is to provide a direct current switch circuit, the direct current switch circuit realizes the functional design of input overvoltage, input undervoltage, input reverse connection, output overcurrent, output short circuit and the like of the direct current switch circuit, and provides possibility for the remote control and intelligent control of the direct current switch circuit. The direct current switch circuit mainly comprises an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism, a control mechanism, an auxiliary power supply mechanism, a driving mechanism and a switch mechanism. The overvoltage protection mechanism is used for input overvoltage protection of the direct current switch circuit, the undervoltage protection mechanism is used for input undervoltage protection of the direct current switch circuit, the reverse connection protection mechanism is used for input reverse connection protection of the direct current switch circuit, the overcurrent protection mechanism is used for output overcurrent protection of the direct current switch circuit, the short-circuit protection mechanism is used for output short-circuit protection of the direct current switch circuit, the control mechanism is used for work start-stop control, remote control function expansion and intelligent control function expansion of the direct current switch circuit, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is used for supplying power for the overvoltage protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism, the overcurrent protection mechanism, the short-circuit protection mechanism and the driving mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, and the driving mechanism is used for on-off control of the switch mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, the switch mechanism is used for providing a channel for the on-off of the input anode and the output anode of the direct current switch circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention effectively improves the environmental adaptability of the direct current switch circuit, enables the direct current switch circuit to work normally under complex working conditions, especially under the situation of higher vibration impact strength, is beneficial to reducing the use risk of the post-stage equipment and improving the system safety; the protection circuit has the advantages that a complete protection function is provided, the response speed and the control precision of the protection function are improved, the protection circuit can be upgraded through simple hardware circuit adjustment, software sampling and control links are omitted, the complexity of a circuit design and control method is reduced, and the development cost is reduced; an external control expansion interface is arranged, so that the possibility of remote control and intelligent control function expansion of the direct-current switch circuit is provided; the standby loss of the direct current switch circuit is reduced through a standby dormancy mode; the mechanical contact of the traditional direct current switch is eliminated, the switch electric arc is eliminated, the arc extinguishing system is eliminated, the volume and the weight of the direct current switch circuit are effectively reduced, and the service life and the reliability of the direct current switch circuit are improved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A direct current switch circuit is characterized by comprising a direct current input end, an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism, a control mechanism, an auxiliary power supply mechanism, a driving mechanism, a switch mechanism and a direct current output end; the direct current input end is electrically connected with an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism and a switch mechanism, the reverse connection protection mechanism is electrically connected with an auxiliary power supply mechanism, the control mechanism is electrically connected with the auxiliary power supply mechanism, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is electrically connected with a short-circuit protection mechanism and an overcurrent protection mechanism, the short-circuit protection mechanism is electrically connected with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism is electrically connected with the switch mechanism, the switch mechanism is electrically connected with a direct current output end, the short-circuit protection mechanism and the overcurrent protection mechanism, the undervoltage protection mechanism is electrically connected between the driving mechanism and the short-circuit protection mechanism, and the overcurrent protection mechanism is electrically connected with the driving mechanism; the direct-current switch circuit is also provided with a first wiring port P1, a second wiring port P2, a third wiring port P3 and a fourth wiring port P4, wherein the first wiring port P1, the second wiring port P2, the third wiring port P3 and the fourth wiring port P4 are external interfaces of the direct-current switch circuit and are used for external wiring of the direct-current switch circuit; the first wiring port P1 and the second wiring port P2 are input ends of the direct current switch circuit, and the third wiring port P3 and the fourth wiring port P4 are output ends of the direct current switch circuit;
the overvoltage protection mechanism comprises a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6, an eleventh resistor R11, a third capacitor C3, a fifth voltage reference power supply V5, a fourth voltage reference power supply V4, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photoelectric coupler E2; the sixth resistor R6 is connected in series with an eleventh resistor R11, the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11 which are connected in series, the eleventh resistor R11 is connected in parallel with a third capacitor C3, the fifth voltage reference power supply V5 is electrically connected between the sixth resistor R6 and the eleventh resistor R11, and the fourth voltage reference power supply V4 is connected in series with a fifth voltage reference power supply V5; the undervoltage protection mechanism comprises a first capacitor C1, a seventh resistor R7, a twelfth resistor R12, a fourth capacitor C4, a fourth voltage reference power supply V4, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photoelectric coupler E2; the seventh resistor R7 and the twelfth resistor R12 are connected in series, and the first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the seventh resistor R7 and the twelfth resistor R12 which are connected in series; a fourth capacitor C4 is further connected in parallel to the twelfth resistor R12, a fourth reference power source V4 is further connected in parallel to the fourth capacitor C4, the fourth reference power source V4 is connected in series with a second photoelectric coupler E2, the second photoelectric coupler E2 is connected in series with a tenth resistor R10, and the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected with VCC 2; the reverse connection protection mechanism is a sixth diode V6, and the sixth diode V6 is connected with the first capacitor C1 in parallel.
2. The direct-current switch circuit according to claim 1, wherein the overvoltage protection mechanism is used for input overvoltage protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the undervoltage protection mechanism is used for input undervoltage protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the reverse connection protection mechanism is used for input reverse connection protection of the direct-current switch circuit, the overcurrent protection mechanism is used for output overcurrent protection of the direct-current switch circuit, and the short-circuit protection mechanism is used for output short-circuit protection of the direct-current switch circuit; the control mechanism is used for work start-stop control, remote control function expansion and intelligent control function expansion of the direct current switch circuit, the auxiliary power supply mechanism is used for power supply of an overvoltage protection mechanism, an undervoltage protection mechanism, a reverse connection protection mechanism, an overcurrent protection mechanism, a short-circuit protection mechanism and a driving mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, the driving mechanism is used for on-off control of the switch mechanism of the direct current switch circuit, and the switch mechanism is used for providing a channel for on-off between an input anode and an output anode of the direct current switch circuit.
3. The direct current switch circuit according to claim 1, wherein the over-current protection mechanism comprises a sixteenth capacitor C16, a first linear hall sensor T1, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a seventeenth resistor R17, a nineteenth resistor R19, a sixteenth resistor R16, a twenty-first resistor R21, a first operational amplifier N1, a fifteenth capacitor C15, a fourteenth capacitor C14, an eighteenth resistor R18, a twentieth resistor R20, a seventeenth capacitor C17, a tenth voltage reference power supply V10, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2; the sixteenth capacitor C16 is connected in parallel with the first linear hall sensor T1, the overcurrent protection mechanism is further provided with a power supply terminal VCC2 and a ground terminal GND2, the power supply terminal VCC2 is connected to a VCC interface of the first linear hall sensor T1, and the ground terminal GND2 is connected to a GND interface of the first linear hall sensor T1; the OUT interface of the first linear Hall sensor T1 is connected with a seventeenth resistor R17 in series, the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected between the OUT interface of the first linear Hall sensor T1 and the seventeenth resistor R17 in series, and the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 is connected with a ground end GND 2; the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1, a sixteenth resistor R16 is further electrically connected between the seventeenth resistor R17 and the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1, the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to a ground terminal GND2, the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier N1 is further electrically connected to a nineteenth resistor R19, the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the ground terminal GND2, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier N1 is further electrically connected to an eighteenth resistor R18, the eighteenth resistor R18 is connected in series to a twentieth resistor R20, the other end of the twentieth resistor R20 is connected to the ground terminal GND2, a seventeenth capacitor C17 is further connected in parallel to the twentieth resistor R20, and a tenth voltage reference power supply V10 is further connected to the seventeenth capacitor C17 in parallel; the tenth resistor R10 and the second photocoupler E2 are connected in series, and the tenth voltage reference power source V10 is electrically connected between the tenth resistor R10 and the second photocoupler E2; a twenty-first resistor R21 is connected in parallel to the inverting input end and the output end of the first operational amplifier N1, a fifteenth capacitor C15 and a fourteenth capacitor C14 are also connected in parallel to the first operational amplifier N1, one end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to VCC2, and the other end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 is connected to a ground terminal GND 2.
4. The direct current switch circuit of claim 1, wherein the short circuit protection mechanism comprises a second resistor R2, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a first diode V1, a second capacitor C2, a third voltage reference power supply V3, a first photocoupler E1, a first resistor R1, a fifth resistor R5, a tenth resistor R10 and a second photocoupler E2; the first diode V1, the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 are sequentially connected in series, a second resistor R2 is further electrically connected between the first diode V1 and the eighth resistor R8, a second capacitor C2 is further connected in parallel to the ninth resistor R9, the second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to a third voltage reference power supply V3, the third voltage reference power supply V3 is electrically connected to a first photocoupler E1, a first resistor R1 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the VCC1, a fifth resistor R5 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, a second photocoupler E2 is further electrically connected to the first photocoupler E1, and the second photocoupler E2 is electrically connected to the tenth resistor R10.
5. A dc switch circuit according to claim 1, wherein said control means is a first switch K1; the auxiliary power supply mechanism comprises a ninth capacitor C9, a sixth diode V6, a seventh voltage regulator tube V7, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a ninth voltage regulator tube V9, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a twelfth capacitor C12, a second triode Q2, a second module power supply U2, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a first voltage regulator U1, an eighth Schottky diode V8, a first inductor L1, a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth capacitor C6; the ninth capacitor C9 is sequentially connected in series with a sixth diode V6 and a seventh voltage regulator V7, the seventh voltage regulator V7 is also connected in parallel with a tenth capacitor C10, the tenth capacitor C10 is also connected in parallel with an eleventh capacitor C11, the eleventh capacitor C11 is also connected in parallel with a first switch K1 and a ninth voltage regulator V9 which are connected in series, the ninth voltage regulator V9 is connected in series with a fourteenth resistor R14, and the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected in series with a twelfth capacitor C12 and a fifteenth resistor R15 which are connected in parallel; the second triode Q2 is connected between a fourteenth resistor R14 and a twelfth capacitor C12 and a fifteenth resistor R15 which are connected in parallel, the second triode Q2 is electrically connected with a thirteenth resistor R13, the thirteenth resistor R13 is also connected with a second module power supply U2 in parallel, the rear end of the second module power supply U2 is connected with a seventh capacitor C7 in parallel, the rear end of the seventh capacitor C7 is connected with an eighth capacitor C8 in parallel, one end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected with a VCC1, and the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected with a GND 1; the + IN port of the second module power supply U2 is further connected with the Vin port of the first module power supply U1, the GND port of the first module power supply U1 is grounded, the Vo port of the first module power supply U1 is connected with an eighth Schottky diode V8, one end of a first inductor L1 is connected to the FB port of the first module power supply U1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected between the Vo port and the eighth Schottky diode V8, a fifth capacitor C5 is further connected IN parallel to the first inductor L1 and the eighth Schottky diode V8 which are connected IN series, a sixth capacitor C6 is further connected IN parallel to the fifth capacitor C5, one end of the sixth capacitor C6 is connected with a VCC2, and the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is electrically connected with a fourth connection port P4; the input of the second module power supply U2 is isolated from the output.
6. The DC switch circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a second photocoupler E2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a second voltage regulator tube V2; the second photoelectric coupler E2 is electrically connected with a third resistor R3, the third resistor R3 is connected with a second voltage-regulator tube V2 in series, and the second voltage-regulator tube V2 is connected with a fourth resistor R4 in parallel; the switching mechanism is a first MOS power switch tube Q1, the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the first MOS power switch tube Q1 in parallel, one end of the first MOS power switch tube Q1 is electrically connected with a GND1, and the GND1 is electrically connected with a third connection port P3.
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| CN201810548080.2A CN108809282B (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2018-05-31 | Direct current switch circuit |
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| CN201810548080.2A CN108809282B (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2018-05-31 | Direct current switch circuit |
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| CN108809282B true CN108809282B (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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