CN108808790B - Nickel-hydrogen battery pack charging control protection method based on temperature compensation - Google Patents
Nickel-hydrogen battery pack charging control protection method based on temperature compensation Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention provides a nickel-metal hydride battery pack charging control protection method based on temperature compensation, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the temperatures of a plurality of current battery modules in real time and determiningThe highest temperature Tmax of the current battery module is calculated, and the total pressure and overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the Tmax is calculated0And battery module voltage threshold U1Then, the current battery module voltage of each battery module is obtained in real time and the maximum value U of the current battery module voltage is calculatedmolAnd calculating the current battery pack charge retention SOC, and sequentially adding UmolAnd U1Total voltage U and U of current battery pack0Tmax and a battery module maximum temperature threshold T0And SOC and maximum charge holding threshold SOC of battery pack0And comparing the sizes of the batteries, and performing corresponding steps according to a comparison result until a relay of a battery pack charging loop is controlled to be disconnected and the battery pack charging is finished. The method is simple and feasible, can ensure that the battery pack can not be overcharged when used at high temperature and can be fully charged when used at low temperature, and ensures that the battery pack is normally used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-metal hydride batteries, in particular to a charging control protection method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation.
Background
The nickel-metal hydride battery as a secondary battery has the characteristics of long service life, no pollution, high safety, wide temperature use and the like, and can meet the special fields of high safety requirements, wide temperature use and the like, such as airplanes, tracks, pleasure boats, buses and the like. A plurality of nickel-hydrogen single batteries are mutually connected in series to form a battery module, then a plurality of battery modules can be mutually connected in series to form a battery pack according to requirements, and the manufactured battery pack is used for a corresponding use place. However, because the number of the single batteries in the battery pack is large, the battery pack can be correspondingly controlled and protected during charging in high-temperature and low-temperature environments so as to meet the requirements of the battery pack. The conventional charging control protection method for the nickel-metal hydride battery pack mainly monitors information such as temperature, voltage and current of a battery in real time, compares a real-time monitoring value with a fixed charging cut-off threshold value of the battery pack, and controls the on-off of a relay of a charging loop of the battery pack according to a comparison result, so that the battery pack is safely managed. However, for some special applications, such as airplanes and tracks, the temperature range of the usage environment is wide, and if the battery pack is used to fix the charge cut-off threshold, the battery is not fully charged in the low temperature environment and is easily overcharged in the high temperature environment based on the characteristics of the nickel-hydrogen battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a charging control protection method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation, which is simple and feasible, can ensure that the battery pack cannot be overcharged when being used at high temperature and can be fully charged when being used at low temperature, ensures that the battery pack is normally used, and effectively prolongs the service life of the battery pack.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a charging control protection method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation is disclosed, wherein the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are connected in series with each other, the battery modules comprise a plurality of single batteries which are connected in series with each other, and the charging control protection method comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the temperatures of a plurality of current battery modules in real time, determining the highest temperature Tmax of the current battery modules, and calculating the total pressure and overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the highest temperature Tmax0And battery module voltage threshold U1Then, step S2 is executed;
s2: obtaining the current battery module voltage of each battery module in real time and solving the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolAnd calculating the current battery pack charge retention SOC according to an ampere-hour integral formula, and real-timely calculating the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolThe battery module voltage threshold value U at the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S11Making a comparison if Umol＜U1Then go to step S3; if U ismol≥U1Then, the current battery pack charge retention SOC is compared with the battery module voltage threshold U1 corresponding to the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module1Comparing if SOC is less than SOC1Forcibly correcting the current battery pack charge keeping SOC to the SOC1Then, step S6 is executed, if SOC is equal to or greater than SOC1Then directly execute step S6;
s3: fruit of Chinese wolfberryThen, the total voltage U of the current battery pack is obtained, and the total voltage U of the current battery pack and the total voltage overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S1 are compared0Comparing if U is less than U0Then go to step S4; if U is more than or equal to U0Then go to step S6;
s4: the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module determined in the step S1 and the maximum temperature threshold T of the battery module are measured in real time0Comparing if Tmax is less than T0Then go to step S5; if Tmax is more than or equal to T0Then go to step S6;
s5: the current battery pack charge retention SOC obtained by calculation in the step S2 and the battery pack maximum charge retention threshold SOC are calculated in real time0Comparing if SOC is less than SOC0Then go to step S1; if SOC is not less than SOC0Then go to step S6;
s6: and controlling the relay of the battery pack charging loop to be disconnected, and finishing the charging of the battery pack.
In step S1, the battery module voltage threshold U is set at the maximum temperature Tmax of the battery module1Is NxUcell, wherein N is the number of the single batteries in the battery module, Ucell is the voltage threshold of the full charge of the single batteries under the highest temperature Tmax of the battery module, and Ucell is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1); total voltage and overvoltage threshold U of battery pack under maximum temperature Tmax of battery module0Is MxU1Wherein M is the number of battery modules in the battery pack;
in step S1, the method for determining the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module specifically includes: if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery packs acquired in real time is less than or equal to 65 ℃, determining the maximum value of the temperatures of the current battery packs as the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module; and if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery packs acquired in real time is greater than 65 ℃, determining the second maximum value of the temperature of the current battery pack as the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module.
The steps areIn step S2, the current battery pack charge retention SOC is forcibly corrected to SOC1The specific method comprises the following steps: keeping the SOC of the current battery pack to be increased to the SOC at a certain speed increasing rate1. In actual use, the speed increase may be selected as needed, for example, 5%/second.
In step S2, the ampere-hour integral formula of the current battery pack charge retention SOC calculation is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
initial charge retention for the battery pack; cNRated capacity for the battery pack; i is the charging and discharging current of the battery pack; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery pack, and the value range of eta is 0.9-0.98; and t is the accumulated time of the electric quantity of the battery pack.
Further, in the step S4, the battery module highest temperature threshold T0Is 50 to 60 ℃.
Further, in the step S5, the maximum charge retention threshold SOC for charging the battery pack095 to 100 percent.
Battery pack charge retention SOC corresponding to battery module voltage threshold U1 at different temperatures1Can be obtained by looking up a table, and the voltage threshold U1 of the battery module and the charge holding SOC of the battery pack are obtained at different temperatures1The corresponding table can be obtained through a large amount of experimental data according to the characteristics of the nickel-metal hydride battery.
The method for controlling and protecting the charging of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack based on the temperature compensation is simple and feasible, and the maximum value U of the current battery module voltage is usedmolThe voltage threshold value U of the battery module at the highest temperature Tmax of the current battery module1Comparing the size, and comparing the total voltage U of the current battery pack with the total voltage overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the highest temperature Tmax of the current battery module0Size comparison, maximum temperature Tmax of current battery module and maximum temperature threshold T of battery pack0Size comparison, current battery pack charge protectorSOC keeping and maximum charge keeping threshold SOC for battery pack charging0The size is relatively, charges to nickel-hydrogen battery package and carries out multiple protection mechanism, can guarantee that the battery package uses under high temperature can not overcharged, uses under the low temperature and can be full of, guarantees that the battery package uses normally, effectively improves battery package life. In the nickel-metal hydride battery pack charging control protection method based on temperature compensation, a method based on battery module voltage threshold upper limit correction is added for estimation on the basis that the SOC of the current battery pack is kept in ampere-hour integration, and the estimation accuracy is about 3% higher than that of the traditional SOC estimation method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples.
Example 1
A charging control protection method of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation is disclosed, the flow control chart of which is shown in figure 1, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are mutually connected in series, each battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries which are mutually connected in series, and the charging control protection method is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: obtaining the temperatures of a plurality of current battery modules in real time, determining the highest temperature Tmax of the current battery modules, and calculating the total pressure and overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the highest temperature Tmax0And battery module voltage threshold U1Then, step S2 is executed;
battery module voltage threshold U at maximum temperature Tmax of battery module1Is NxUcell, wherein N is the number of the single batteries in the battery module, Ucell is the voltage threshold of the full charge of the single batteries under the highest temperature Tmax of the battery module, and Ucell is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1); total voltage and overvoltage threshold U of battery pack under maximum temperature Tmax of battery module0Is MxU1Wherein M is the number of battery modules in the battery pack;
the method for determining the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module specifically comprises the following steps: if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery packs acquired in real time is less than or equal to 65 ℃, determining the maximum value of the temperatures of the current battery packs as the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module; if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery packs acquired in real time is greater than 65 ℃, determining the second maximum value of the temperature of the current battery pack as the highest temperature Tmax of the current battery module;
s2: obtaining the current battery module voltage of each battery module in real time and solving the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolAnd calculating the current battery pack charge retention SOC according to an ampere-hour integral formula (2), and real-timely calculating the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolThe battery module voltage threshold value U at the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S11Making a comparison if Umol＜U1Then go to step S3; if U ismol≥U1Then, the current battery pack charge retention SOC is compared with the battery module voltage threshold U1 corresponding to the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module1Comparing if SOC is less than SOC1And forcibly correcting the SOC of the current battery pack to the SOC in an increasing mode of 5%/second1Then, step S6 is executed, if SOC is equal to or greater than SOC1Then directly execute step S6;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
initial charge retention for the battery pack; cNRated capacity for the battery pack; i is the charging and discharging current of the battery pack; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery pack, and the value range of eta is 0.9-0.98; t is the accumulated time of the electric quantity of the battery pack;
s3: real-time acquisitionThe total voltage U of the current battery pack is calculated according to the total voltage U of the current battery pack and the total voltage overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S10Comparing if U is less than U0Then go to step S4; if U is more than or equal to U0Then go to step S6;
s4: the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module determined in the step S1 and the maximum temperature threshold T of the battery module are measured in real time0Comparing if Tmax is less than T0Then go to step S5; if Tmax is more than or equal to T0Then go to step S6; wherein the maximum temperature threshold T of the battery module0The value is 50 ℃;
s5: the current battery pack charge retention SOC obtained by calculation in the step S2 and the battery pack maximum charge retention threshold SOC are calculated in real time0Comparing if SOC is less than SOC0Then go to step S1; if SOC is not less than SOC0Then go to step S6; wherein, the maximum charge of the battery pack is kept at the threshold value SOC0The value is 97%;
s6: and controlling the relay of the battery pack charging loop to be disconnected, and finishing the charging of the battery pack.
Example 2
A method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation, which comprises the steps substantially the same as those of the method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation in embodiment 1, and is different therefrom in that: in step S2, the current SOC of the battery pack is forcibly corrected to SOC in increments of 3%/second1(ii) a In step S4, the battery module maximum temperature threshold T0The value is 60 ℃; in step S5, the maximum charge retention threshold SOC for battery pack charging0The value is 95%.
Claims (6)
1. A charging control protection method for a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation is disclosed, wherein the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are connected in series with each other, the battery modules comprise a plurality of single batteries which are connected in series with each other, and the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the temperatures of a plurality of current battery modules in real time and determining the current temperatureCalculating the maximum temperature Tmax of the battery module, and calculating the total pressure and overvoltage threshold U of the battery pack under the maximum temperature Tmax0And battery module voltage threshold U1Then, step S2 is executed;
in step S1, the battery module voltage threshold U is set at the maximum temperature Tmax of the battery module1Is NxUcell, wherein N is the number of the single batteries in the battery module, Ucell is the voltage threshold of the full charge of the single batteries under the highest temperature Tmax of the battery module, and Ucell is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1); total voltage and overvoltage threshold U of battery pack under maximum temperature Tmax of battery module0Is MxU1Wherein M is the number of battery modules in the battery pack;
s2: obtaining the current battery module voltage of each battery module in real time and solving the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolAnd calculating the current battery pack charge retention SOC according to an ampere-hour integral formula, and real-timely calculating the maximum value U of the current battery module voltagemolThe battery module voltage threshold value U at the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S11Making a comparison if Umol＜U1Then go to step S3; if U ismol≥U1If the current battery pack charge is kept at the SOC and the battery module voltage threshold U under the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module1Corresponding battery pack charge retention SOC1Comparing if SOC is less than SOC1Forcibly correcting the current battery pack charge keeping SOC to the SOC1Then, step S6 is executed, if SOC is equal to or greater than SOC1Then directly execute step S6; in step S2, the current SOC of the battery pack is forcibly corrected to the SOC1The specific method comprises the following steps: keeping the SOC of the current battery pack to be increased to the SOC at a certain speed increasing rate1；
S3: obtaining the total voltage U of the current battery pack in real time, and comparing the total voltage U of the current battery pack with the total voltage U of the battery pack under the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module calculated in the step S1Overvoltage threshold U0Comparing if U is less than U0Then go to step S4; if U is more than or equal to U0Then go to step S6;
s4: the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module determined in the step S1 and the maximum temperature threshold T of the battery module are measured in real time0Comparing if Tmax is less than T0Then go to step S5; if Tmax is more than or equal to T0Then go to step S6;
s5: the current battery pack charge retention SOC obtained by calculation in the step S2 and the battery pack maximum charge retention threshold SOC are calculated in real time0Comparing if SOC is less than SOC0Then go to step S1; if SOC is not less than SOC0Then go to step S6;
s6: and controlling the relay of the battery pack charging loop to be disconnected, and finishing the charging of the battery pack.
2. The method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the method for determining the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module specifically includes: if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery modules acquired in real time is less than or equal to 65 ℃, determining the maximum value of the temperature of the current battery pack as the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module; and if the maximum value of the temperatures of the plurality of current battery packs acquired in real time is greater than 65 ℃, determining the second maximum value of the temperature of the current battery pack as the maximum temperature Tmax of the current battery module.
3. The method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the ampere-hour integral formula of the current battery pack charge retention SOC calculation is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is electricityInitial charge maintenance of the pool bag; cNRated capacity for the battery pack; i is the charging and discharging current of the battery pack; eta is the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery pack, and the value range of eta is 0.9-0.98; and t is the accumulated time of the electric quantity of the battery pack.
4. The method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step S4, the battery module highest temperature threshold T0Is 50 to 60 ℃.
5. The method for controlling and protecting charging of a nickel-metal hydride battery pack based on temperature compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step S5, the maximum charge retention threshold SOC for battery pack charging095 to 100 percent.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: in step S5, the maximum charge retention threshold SOC for battery pack charging095 to 100 percent.
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