CN108807965B - Preparation method of high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material Download PDF

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CN108807965B
CN108807965B CN201810771918.4A CN201810771918A CN108807965B CN 108807965 B CN108807965 B CN 108807965B CN 201810771918 A CN201810771918 A CN 201810771918A CN 108807965 B CN108807965 B CN 108807965B
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positive electrode
nickel cobalt
lini
electrode material
cobalt lithium
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CN108807965A (en
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智福鹏
王娟辉
郝亚莉
祁世青
马骞
何艳
吴婧
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Lanzhou Jinchuan Technology Park Co ltd
Jinchuan Group Co Ltd
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Jinchuan Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method for a high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material, belonging to the technical field of preparation of a lithium ion battery positive electrode material, and the method comprises the following steps: in a mixer, spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (LiNi)0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2) Ternary positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (LiNi)0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2) The ternary anode material is mixed, the mass ratio of the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate to the monocrystalline nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is 1.5-4, and the compaction density can reach 3.80g/cm3The first discharge specific capacity can reach over 218mAh/g, and the method for preparing the high-compaction-density nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate ternary cathode material is obtained. The material prepared by the invention not only has high compaction density, but also has higher gram capacity, cycle performance and good high-temperature storage performance.

Description

Preparation method of high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery anode materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-compaction-density NCA anode material.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy automobiles and the aerospace field, higher requirements are put on the performance (such as energy density, capacity retention rate, safety performance and high and low temperature performance) of lithium ion batteries, and lithium ion battery products tend to develop towards high capacity, light weight, good rate performance and cycle performance, and the like, especially towards high energyThe density direction. For the positive electrode material, the specific discharge capacity, the working platform voltage, the filling property of the powder material and the like are several key factors influencing the energy density. LiCoO2The cathode material which is most widely used at present has a larger compacted density, but the gram capacity of the cathode material is far different from that of an NCA cathode material, and the gram capacity of the cathode material is usually increased in a manner of increasing charge and discharge voltage, but the material structure is unstable at high voltage and a large amount of side reactions are accompanied at the high voltage; the NCA cathode material has higher gram capacity and is a good high-energy density material.
The compaction density of the spherical-like NCA cathode material is 3.55-3.65g/cm3. The single crystal type NCA anode material has regular appearance, is a primary single crystal particle and has higher density compared with a secondary spherical particle. In the experiment, the compaction density is improved by grading the large-particle secondary spherical NCA positive electrode material and the single-crystal NCA positive electrode material with regular morphology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for a high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material.
In order to meet the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method for a high compaction density NCA positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a mixer to mix 1.5-4 parts by weight of spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Ternary positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And mixing the ternary cathode material for 4-8 h to prepare the high-compaction-density NCA cathode material.
Preferably, the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The particle size range of the ternary cathode material satisfies that D is not less than 17 mu m50Less than or equal to 19 mu m; single crystal form nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The particle size range of the ternary cathode material satisfies that D is not less than 1.5 mu m50≤3μm。
Preferably, theThe spherical lithium nickel cobalt aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The preparation method of the ternary cathode material comprises the following steps: firstly, D is5016 to 18 μm spheroidal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02(OH)2Pre-oxidizing the precursor for 4-8 h at the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and screening to obtain D50Ni of 17 to 19 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Oxide, then Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Mixing the oxide and the lithium salt for 3-6 h, sintering the mixture for 6-10 h at 500-580 ℃ for one time, sieving by using a 400-mesh nylon sieve, and sieving to obtain D5017 to 19 μm of LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) preparing the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi by using the ternary cathode material, performing secondary sintering for 3-15 hours at the temperature of 720-800 ℃, cooling, crushing, screening and removing magnetic foreign matters0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
Preferably, said spheroidal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02OH2The molar ratio of the oxide to the lithium salt is 1: 1.00-1.10.
Preferably, the preparation method of the single crystal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate material comprises the following steps: firstly, D is501 to 3 μm of single crystal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Mixing the oxide and the lithium salt for 3-6 h, sintering the mixture for 4-8 h at 520-600 ℃, sieving by using a 400-mesh nylon sieve, and sieving to obtain D50LiNi of 1.5 to 3 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) preparing the monocrystal nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi from the ternary positive electrode material, performing secondary sintering at the temperature of 750-820 ℃ for 15-30 h, cooling, crushing, screening and removing magnetic foreign matters0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
Preferably, said single crystal form Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02OH2The molar ratio of the oxide to the lithium salt is 1: 1.05-1.20.
Preferably, the lithium salt is one or two of lithium hydroxide and lithium oxide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material, which is prepared by using spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (LiNi)0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2) The mixed lithium battery positive electrode material with high compaction density, high voltage and high capacity is prepared by the positive electrode material particle mixing technology. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, easy realization of industrial production, no pollution in the production process and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a LiNi of spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of example 10.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A positive electrode material (a) and a single crystal form of nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (LiNi)0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2) SEM image of positive electrode material (b);
FIG. 2 is a LiNi of spherical-like nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of example 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A positive electrode material (a) and a single crystal form of nickel cobalt lithium aluminate (LiNi)0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2) SEM image of positive electrode material (b);
FIG. 3 shows a LiNi of spherical nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of example 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A cross-sectional view of the anode material;
FIG. 4 shows a LiNi of spherical nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of example 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A metal element surface distribution diagram of the positive electrode material section;
FIG. 5 shows a LiNi of spherical nickel cobalt aluminate of example 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A metal element line distribution diagram of the positive electrode material section;
FIG. 6 shows a LiNi of spherical-like nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of example 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A metal element energy spectrogram of the section of the anode material;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of specific first discharge capacity in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to clearly illustrate the contents of the present invention, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Example 1
a. Preparation of spheroidal lithium nickel cobalt aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) will D50Spheroidal Ni of 17.8 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02(OH)2Presintering the precursor in a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace, sintering for 5h at 400 ℃, naturally cooling along with the furnace, and screening to obtain D50Ni of 17.3 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2An oxide;
(2) adding the battery grade LiOH and the oxide obtained in the step (1) into a high-speed mixer at a molar ratio of Li/M =1.10:1, and mixing for 20 minutes;
(3) putting the mixed material in the step (2) into a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace for multi-stage sintering, and pre-sintering at 500 ℃ for 6 hours; then sintering at 740 ℃ for 6h, then cooling to 600 ℃ at the speed of-0.5 ℃/min, then naturally cooling along with the furnace, crushing and screening to obtain the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
b. Preparation of single crystal form of lithium nickel cobalt aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing cell grade LiOH and D50Is in a 1.6 μm single crystal formNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Adding the oxide into a high-speed mixer according to the mol ratio of Li/M to 1.05:1, and mixing for 15 minutes;
(2) putting the mixed material in the step (1) into a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace for multi-stage sintering, and pre-sintering at 560 ℃ for 6 hours; then sintering at 780 ℃ for 16h, then naturally cooling along with the furnace, crushing and screening to obtain the monocrystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
c. The spherical nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode materials are uniformly mixed in a mixer for 5 hours according to the mass ratio of 4: 1.
The high compacted density NCA cathode material prepared in the examples had a powder compacted density of 3.82g/cm3And the first discharge specific capacity of 0.1C is 220.4mAh/g within the voltage range of 2.8-4.3V and the temperature range of 24-25 ℃.
Example 2
a. Preparation of spheroidal lithium nickel cobalt aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) will D50Spheroidal Ni of 17.5 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02(OH)2Presintering the precursor in a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace, sintering for 5h at 400 ℃, naturally cooling along with the furnace, and screening to obtain D50Ni of 17.1 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2An oxide;
(2) adding the battery grade LiOH and the oxide obtained in the step (1) into a high-speed mixer at a molar ratio of Li/M =1.10:1, and mixing for 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixed material in the step (2) into a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace for multi-stage sintering, and pre-sintering at 530 ℃ for 6 hours; then sintering at 730 ℃ for 8h, then cooling to 600 ℃ at the speed of-0.3 ℃/min, then naturally cooling along with the furnace, crushing and screening to obtain the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
b. Preparation of single crystal form of lithium nickel cobalt aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing cell grade LiOH and D50Is 2.4 mu m single crystal form Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Adding the oxide into a high-speed mixer according to the mol ratio of Li/M to 1.20:1, and mixing for 25 minutes;
(2) putting the mixed material in the step (1) into a box-type atmosphere resistance furnace for multi-stage sintering, and pre-sintering at 580 ℃ for 8 hours; then sintering at 800 ℃ for 20h, naturally cooling along with the furnace, crushing and screening to obtain the monocrystal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
c. The spherical nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate Li (Ni)0.94Co0.04Al0.02)O2The anode materials are uniformly mixed in a mixer for 6 hours according to the mass ratio of 3: 2.
The high compacted density NCA cathode material prepared in the examples had a powder compacted density of 3.87g/cm3And the first discharge specific capacity of 0.1C is 218.3mAh/g within the voltage range of 2.8-4.3V and the temperature range of 24-25 ℃.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method for a high compaction density NCA positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a mixer to mix spherical nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi with the weight ratio of 6: 4-8: 20.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Ternary positive electrode material and single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Mixing the ternary positive electrode material for 4-8 hours to prepare a high-compaction-density NCA positive electrode material;
the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The ternary cathode material is Ni prepared by a coprecipitation method0.94Co0.04Al0.02(OH)2Hydroxide is used as a precursor raw material, and the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The particle size range of the ternary cathode material meets the requirement that D50 is more than or equal to 17 mu m and less than or equal to 19 mu m; its spherical lithium nickel cobalt aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The preparation method of the ternary cathode material comprises the following steps: firstly, D is5016 to 18 μm spheroidal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02(OH)2Pre-oxidizing the precursor for 4-8 h at the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and screening to obtain D5017 to 19 μm of Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Oxide, then Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Mixing the oxide and the lithium salt for 3-6 h, sintering the mixture for 6-10 h at 500-580 ℃ for one time, sieving by using a 400-mesh nylon sieve, and sieving to obtain D5017 to 19 μm of LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) preparing the spheroidal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi by using the ternary cathode material, performing secondary sintering for 3-15 hours at the temperature of 720-800 ℃, cooling, crushing, screening and removing magnetic foreign matters0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2A positive electrode material;
the single crystal type nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The ternary cathode material is single crystal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Oxide is used as precursor raw material, and the prepared monocrystal nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The particle size range of the ternary cathode material meets the requirement that D50 is more than or equal to 1.5 mu m and less than or equal to 3 mu m; its monocrystal form nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The preparation method of the ternary cathode material comprises the following steps: firstly, D is501 to 3 μm of single crystal Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2Mixing the oxide and the lithium salt for 3-6 hThe mixture is sintered for 4-8 hours at the temperature of 520-600 ℃, then is sieved by a 400-mesh nylon sieve, and is sieved to obtain D50LiNi of 1.5 to 3 μm0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) preparing the monocrystal nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi from the ternary positive electrode material, performing secondary sintering at the temperature of 750-820 ℃ for 15-30 h, cooling, crushing, screening and removing magnetic foreign matters0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2And (3) a positive electrode material.
2. The method for preparing a high compacted density NCA positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the Ni is in the shape of a sphere0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The molar ratio of the oxide to the lithium salt is 1: 1.00-1.10.
3. The method of preparing a high compacted density NCA cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the single crystal form of Ni is Ni0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2The molar ratio of the oxide to the lithium salt is 1: 1.05-1.20.
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